مجله طب پیشگیری
سال سوم شماره 2 (پیاپی 8، تابستان 1395)

According to recent studies, the rate of overweight, obesity and low physical activity are rising among individuals, especially among workers that can affect the productivity and ability of working. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of body mass index (BMI) and exercise activity on the work ability index (WAI) of the employees of Pegah Golestan Company.
This descriptive-analytical and cross-sectional study based on simple randomized sampling method and performed on 107 employees of Pegah Company in 2015. Demographic and job related information were collected using standard work ability index questionnaire. The body mass index was measured and classified based on the guidelines of World Health Organization (WHO). Collected data were analyzed using SPSS version 21 software using T-Test, ANOVA and Pearson correlation tests.
Mean of the work ability index in this study was 25.9± 3.8 wich indicates overweight among the staff of the company. Also, the mean work ability index in the study subjects was 44.92± 5.56. According to WAI score, 10.9, 35.6, and 53.3 percent of subjects, have the ability of average, good and excellent for working, respectively. There was a significant correlation between exercise activity and mean WAI index (P The mean WAI was at an acceptable level (WAI >36). Considering the average age of employees (32.38 ± 7.3) which ndicates that they are young, their overweight and sedentary lifestyle can lead to various diseases, reduced working ability, and early retirement in the future.

Comfort lighting is one of the most important topics, which provides optimum Physical conditions in general environment and workplaces such as hospitals. The aim of this study was Assessment of Interior general Lighting in Hospitals based on standards of North America Illumination Engineering Society.
This Descriptive – analytical study was conducted in April 2015. Illumination of different parts of Imam Reza hospital in Ivan city was measured according to standards of North America Illumination Engineering Society. Lighting intensities were measured using a lux meter (TES-1332A Light Meter) in the early hours of day (10 Am). Finally, the data were analyzed using SPSS version 20.
The results of this study showed that 53.33 percent of general lighting intensities at different parts of hospital are unsuitable. The average of interior lighting intensities in the hospital was 140 ± 31.26 lx, which is lower than recommended standard. Maximum Lighting intensities recorded in the of corridor men ward and minimum Lighting intensities recorded in examination room. Statistical analysis showed a significant difference among the lighting intensities of different parts of the hospital (P=0.001).
The results of this study showed that general lighting intensities in the studied hospital is unsuitable and corrective action such as lighting systems redesign and modification of lightening systems for increasing general Lighting intensities is necessary.

Smoking is a major cause of preventable death in the world. Out of every 10 deaths worldwide occur in adults, one is caused by smoking. This study examines the epidemiology of cigaratte smoking in the population over 15 years old in Hormozgan province, Iran, 2014.
A cross-sectional study was conducted to investigate 1506 subjects over 15 years old who were selected through a multi stage cluster and systematic random sampling method. Data were collected using a researcher made questionnaire that its validity and reliability was determined before being sent to subjects. Data were analyzed using descriptive and analytical statistics such as frequency, percentage, Chi-square and odds ratio.
The overall prevalence of current cigarette smoking in total sample was 19.5%, in males 27.8% and in females 10.7%. In terms of gender, the difference in cigarette smoking was statistically significant (p= 0.001). Prevalence of cigarette smoking in rural and urban areas was significantly different (p= 0.002), as it was 24.1% in rural and 17.6% in urban areas. There was a significant difference between prevalence of cigarette smoking in age groups (p = 0.015). This rate increased with age. Educational level was significantly associated with the prevalence of cigarette smoking (p=0.001). Illiterate and people with lower education were smoking more than others (75.5%). There were significant relationship between different occupations and smoking (p = 0.001). A statistical association between smoking and the living location was seen (p = 0.002) with odds ratio equal to 0.6 and 95% confidence interval equal to 0.5-0.8. (OR=0.6; 95% CI=0.5-0.8) There was a relationship between gender and smoking, (OR = 3.2; 95% CI = 2.4-4.3). The males had three times more chance to become smoker.
The prevalence of cigarette smoking in Hormozgan province is high, particularly in the rural population. A need for policy making and planning towards prevention and reduction of smoking in the province is seen. However, further studies to determine the most appropriate and effective strategies to deal with this issue seems necessary.

Health promoting behaviors are essential to sustain the adolescent health and people with inadequate health literacy have poorer health status. The aim of this study was to determine the status of health literacy and its relationship with health behaviors in students.
This cross-sectional study was conducted on 400 high school students in Bandar Abbas city. A multistage sampling method was applied. Data were collected using the Adolescent Health Promotion Scale and health literacy questionnaires. Data were analyzed using spss ver.19 software and independent t-test, regression and Pearson tests.
The mean of health promoting behaviors and health literacy scores in boys were 5/64 and 9/68 and in girls were 6/57 and 9/67, respectively. A significant difference was observed between the mean scores of health promoting behaviors of boys and girls (p In general, health literacy and health promoting behaviors in students is lower than optimal. The results of this study showed the need for health education programs based on the areas of health promoting behaviors and health literacy components.

Marine vessels are a kind of public transport system which should meet the standards of environmental health; and because of floating in the sea, they need to adhere to the safety standards as well. Qeshm Island is a free trade zone, and for this reason, the Qeshm to Bandar Abbas, is one of the maritime traffic routes in Hormozgan. Due to the large number of travel and given the importance of passenger's health, as well as the records related to the accidents leading to the death on this route, this study conducted to evaluate the indicators related to environmental health and safety of marine vessels in Qeshm-Bandar Abbas route.
In this cross-sectional study to assess the environmental health and safetyof 31 float vessels in Bandar Abbas-Qshm route, a self-made questionnaire was used. The questionnaire was classified in 4 parts and contaied 59 questions; 8 questions about vessel profile, 4 questions for the crew and the captain profile, 37 questions for environmental health and 22 questions for vessel safety assessment. In order to complete the questionnaires, after obtaining a license, the captain and crew were interviewed at the beginning and the questionnaire was completed through observation. The data obtained from the questionnaires entered to SPSS software and analyzed.
The average number of crew was 8 and the mean of perators age was 39 years. Most captains had a high school diploma. All vessels floor was washable and in 83.8% of cases they were washed daily. In 93.5% of cases suitablbe toilets were available. In 74% of cases, the daily cleaning of bathrooms was performed and the rest cleaned the bathrooms once or twice a week. In the most cases, the standards of marine safety had been respected. In two cases, communication systems and Revolving lights standards had been met respectively 90.3 and 96.8 percent. In two cases, life jacket delivery standard had not been respected at all.
Overally, the safety level of vessels was estimated as favorable. Since there is no relationship between captain education, captain age, and the number of crew and vessel environmental health quality, to improve the environmental health level of the vessels, the sanitary equipment such as the type and number of bathrooms, waste storage containers, and sewage treatment systems should be improved.

Musculoskeletal disorders are a class of occupational injuries that have high prevalence and are important causes of disability in developing countries. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between risk and prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders in a household manufacturing company.
This cross-sectional descriptive-analytical study conducted on100 workers including 15 workers from foam injection workshop, 17 from molding workshop, 17operators of presses, 17from packaging unit, 17from cutting unit, and17 operators of rivets. The Nordic questionnaire was used to record the symptoms of musculoskeletal disorders in wrist, elbow, shoulder, neck, and back. Then, working postures were recorded and evaluated by the LUBA method. The employees signed an informed consent and their data were treated strictly confidential. The obtained data were analyzed by SPSS version 20.
Most of the musculoskeletal disorders based on Nordic questionnaire were observed in the wrist (15 cases), neck (15cases) and shoulder (14 cases). A significant relationship was found between musculoskeletal disorders and age (p The results of this study showed that household manufacturing workers are at risk of developing musculoskeletal disorders. Therefore, ergonomic interventions such as work station design based on ergonomic principles, the use of ergonomically designed tools, and education of workers should be considered.

One way to improve the quality of life in patients with thalassemia major is empowering patients through self-care education to counter the effects and complications of the disease. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of educational intervention using mobile phone on self-care behaviors in patients with thalassemia major.
The study population of this interventional study were patients with thalassemia major who referred to Hazrat Abolfazl (AS) hospital in Minab in the province of Hormozgan. In this study, 46 patients were assigned in the intervention group and 45 patients in the control group. Educational program consisted of thalassemia disease introduction, complications and self-care behaviors for thalassemia disease that were made during the six calls and lasted for a month. Also educational pamphlets were given to the patients. Data were collected before and two months after education by a questionnaire and analyzed by SPSS software version 22.
Before the intervention, the mean scores of knowledge, attitude and self-care behaviors in the intervention and control groups were not significantly different. After the intervention a significant increase in mean scores of knowledge, attitude and self-care behaviors observed in the intervention group (p The results of this study indicated the positive effect of educational intervention through mobile phone on knowledge, attitude and improvement of self-care behaviors in patients with thalassemia major. Hence, mobile phone is recommended as a device for transmission of self-care educational materials to patients with thalassemia major, especially when access to them is limited.