نشریه طب انتظامی
سال ششم شماره 1 (پیاپی 21، بهار 1396)

Acute pancreatitis is pancreatic inflammation that often associated with increase of symptoms such as epigastric pain, nausea and vomiting, diarrhea, loss of appetite, fever, chills, shock and hemodynamic complications. Early nutritional support has an important role in preventing serious complications, malnutrition and promote the recovery of patients. The aim of this study was to compare early initiation of enteral nutrition versus late enteral nutrition and total parenteral nutrition.
This study is a review study, using key words are enteral nutrition, early enteral nutrition, parenteral nutrition, acute pancreatitis and clinical guidelines. Information compiles by use of PubMed, CINAHL, Google, Ovid, Google scholar, Science Direct databases between 2000-2015 years. For this article, were used randomized clinical studies and comparative studies in which mortality rates, complications and length of hospital stay were reported.
Now, early enteral nutrition is preferred to delay enteral nutrition and total parenteral nutrition. Because this method is more efficient and less expensive, mortality and morbidity. Complications such as infection, organ failure and length of hospital stay were significantly less and blood sugar is better controlled.
Studies and guidelines insist on early enteral nutrition and if there is no constraint for the patient, should be started as soon as possible. It is suggested that in Iran, as well as research in this regard.

Rational use of drugs is one of the major issues in healthcare systems. Analysis of prescriptions would be helpful in recognition of physician's behavior and population beliefs. Rational prescribing is associated with improved safety in drug use, better quality of life for patients and cost-effective care. The aim of this study was to explore drug prescription habits by using WHO standard indicators.
The study is descriptive, cross-sectional and retrospective, sample of 1035 prescriptions of general practitioners selected randomly from Outpatient clinic in a military hospital at Tehran In both summer and winter seasons. World Health Organization Indicators for Prescribing such as Average of items per prescription, Rate of Antibiotics, Injectable Drugs and corticosteroid was analyzed.
Average of items per prescription was 3.93 and the proportion of prescriptions for injectable drugs was 58.9%, for antibiotics 49.71% and for Corticosteroid 18.35%. Medication Indicators were significantly higher in winter than in the summer.
In this Study, prescribing indicators were far from international recommended criteria, however, it is necessary to improve this conditions because Inappropriate use of drugs leads to low quality of medical and public health care's and therefore wasting human and financial resources and can be harmful for patient and community health and economy.

The present study aimed to examine the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy on quality of life among students of a military educational center.
The method of this study was quasi experimental (pretest posttest with control group). 50 students were randomly assigned in experimental and control group. Quality of life questionnaire was used as tool in pre and post test. For experimental group a program based on acceptance and commitment therapy was conducted. Analysis of repeated measures was used to analyze the data.
acceptance and commitment therapy could improve quality of life and acceptance and commitment index immediately after intervention which this affect continued after one month.
acceptance and commitment therapy can improve quality of life of armies.

Due to the necessity of paying attention to the mental health of adolescents and students as the futures of the country, present study was implemented in order to predict public health based on metacognition beliefs and avoid emotional experiences.
A total of 300 persons (176 girls and 124 boys) were selected among the students in Qom PNU (Payame Noor University) by stratified random sampling method from three different colleges of the university and responded to the General Health Questionnaires (GHQ-28) and the short form of metacognition questionnaire (MCQ-30) and the acceptance questionnaire and second version commitment (AAQ-II) and Mindfulness questionnaire (FFMQ) that the data obtained was analyzed by using Pearson correlation coefficient in the step-wise regression.
Regression analysis showed that predict general health based on metacognition beliefs and mindfulness and avoid emotional experiences, emotional experiences and metacognitive beliefs about avoiding significant among which may be more important to avoid emotional experiences in relation to public health students to discover other variables.
Metacognitive beliefs and avoiding emotional experiences and mind awareness are the effective factors in mental health and by changing metacognitive and experiential avoidance which increases negative thoughts maladaptive approaches or negative public beliefs raising public mindfulness, we can help to improve the students mental and public health.

The present study investigated the effectiveness of relaxation techniques along with meditation on anxiety Nolipar.
The experimental study with pretest - posttest control group. The population of 72 women who were first generated in 1394 to control the course of pregnancy and maternity hospital of Imam Ali Amol, Two groups of 15 people randomly selected in the experimental and control group. Relaxation techniques and meditation with a group of 8 sessions (when the women go to the hospital in the last three months of pregnancy) was performed, and then both groups (experimental and control) test was performed. Means of a questionnaire to measure patient's medical records were anxious Aspyl Berger. Analysis of covariance analysis of experimental data with a variable (for anxiety variables) and Spearman correlation test (test for significant differences in the two groups of selected vaginal delivery) were help spss16 software.
relaxation meditation techniques on anxiety associated with women's first - was effective in hitting (P at this method of non-medical benefits and no side effects, the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology be used in hospitals nationwide.

Nanoparticles are materials with 3D structures and sizes of 1-100 nanometers. Although there are several ways of nanoparticles production, but the biological method of nanoparticles production is under attention of researchers due to its ecofriendly and energy saving properties. In the present study, biosynthesis of silver nanoparticle by saffron corm extract was examined. Furthermore, antibacterial effect of the produced nanoparticles on three common pathogens was investigated. At the end, mutagenesis potential of Nanoparticles was investigated.
At first, corms of saffron purchased and the herbalist confirmed their genus and species. In order to nanoparticles production, the corms extracts were subjected to the silver nitrate aqueous solution at the final concentration of 1mM. After nanoparticles production, the color changed reaction mixture was used for characterization with spectrophotometry, X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) and Transition electron microscopy (TEM). Then, the antibacterial effect of the produced nanoparticles was investigated by agar well diffusion method against three bacterial pathogenic strains. At the final mutagenesis effect of silver nanoparticles was investigated by Ames test.
After nanoparticles production, the color of the mixture was converted to dark brown attributed to the surface Plasmon resonance band (SPR) of the silver nanoparticles. Visible expectra of the color changed mixture had maximum absorption peak around 420 nm. Furthermore, presence of the silver nanoparticles was confirmed by the XRD. TEM analysis revealed that the obtained silver nanoparticles were spherical in their shapes and their average sizes were around 5-25 nm. Antibacterial assays revealed that the produced nanoparticles had suitable effects against all of the three bacterial strains. Moreover, statistical analysis has demonstrated that the antibacterial effects of these nanoparticles against Gram positive and negative bacterial tested strains have showed similarity. No mutagenic effect of nanoparticles was observed.
It seems that the biological production of nanoparticles with usage of these plant extract is able to enhance their medicinal effects. In this study, it was indicated that the antibacterial property of the extracts containing nanoparticles was promoted considerably. Promoting of other effects of these nanoparticles can be prospective for the future studies.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of social-emotional skills program on anger control and social problem-solving ability in adolescent’s whit drug dependency was done in 2016 in Tabriz.
The research method was quasi-experimental study with pretest-posttest control group. Statistical population included all male whit drug dependency were covered by the Correction and Rehabilitation Center at 2016in Tabriz. Therefore, 28 subjects were chosen by available sampling from all male and were placed randomly in experimental group (n = 14) and control group (n = 14).Then, the social¬-emotional skills programs, was administered to the experimental group in 12 sessions and the control group was not receive any training. The control anger and social problem-solving ability questionnaires were used for data collection. Data analysis was achieved through the Covariance statistical test.
result showed that the social¬-emotional skills training had been effective on increasing of anger control and creative problem-solving in experimental group at posttest and decreasing the inefficient problem-solving.
based on this result it can be concluded that the social-emotional skills training had been effective on increasing of anger control and social problem-solving and decreasing the inefficient problem-solving in adolescent’s whit drug dependency.

today, cyberspace and its crimes have become one of the important issues. Since this field is a new field, there is not enough information about the reasons of commission of such these crimes and criminal's motivation, and there is a lack of information in this field. In this regard, the purpose of the present research is to compare personality characteristics and intelligence of (male) committers of cyber crimes with general population of Tehran, and the research has provided useful information in this field.
the present research is a post-event research. The sample size is 120, including 60 committers of cyber crimes and 60 individuals of general popuation. Simple random sampling is used for criminals and random -cluster sampling is used for general population. Instrument of the research is NEO five-factor personality test (shortened version) and Cattell III A IQ test, and data analysis is performed using SPSS17 and descriptive statistics including frequency table, mean, variance and inferential statistics (independent t-test). .
findings showed that there is a significant difference between committers of cyber crimes and general population in neuroticism and flexibility scale, and criminals have a higher mean. There is also a significant difference in extroversion and accountability scale, and individuals of general population have a higher mean. There is no significant difference in agreeableness scale. Also, no significant difference is observed between both groups in terms of intelligence.
the results of the research show that in neuroticism scale, disorders are more prevalent among committers of cyber crimes like other criminals. However in extroversion scale, unlike criminals that directly deal with the victim and are more extroverted, committers of cyber crimes are more introverted. Also, unlike some beliefs that committers of cyber crimes are individuals with high IQs, this group is not different from general population in terms of IQ.