نشریه عصب روانشناسی
سال دوم شماره 1 (پیاپی 4، بهار 1395)

Since cognitive defects have an effective role in the life of people with bipolar and schizophrenia disorders, the current research mainly aimed at comparing the status of executive functions and attention of the patients affected with schizophrenia and acute and chronic bipolar disorder type I and also comparing their functions with a normal group.
This study is a descriptive-comparative study thorough which the executive functions have been compared among five groups. The statistical population consists of all outpatient and inpatient patients affected with acute and chronic schizophrenia and acute and chronic bipolar type I in the manic episode who had referred to the Psychiatry Clinic of Shafa, Rasht. Sampling was done through convenience within 2014-2015 and 60 male subjects were selected. Age range of the subjects was 16-50 and they were paralleled in variables of gender, age, and education levels in the groups. Stroop Test and Tower of London Test were administered to all subjects in individual sessions and finally, data were analyzed via using Multivariate Analysis Test and Tukey Follow-up Tests.
Findings: Results indicated that there is generally a significant difference (p≤ 0.05) between the groups with acute and chronic schizophrenia , acute and chronic bipolar disorder sufferers in the manic episode with normal people in Wisconsin Card Sorting Test and Continuous Performance Test.
Schizophrenic patients had weaker executive function and attention disorder than the Bipolar disorder I patients and normal subjective. And chronicity had agreat effect on executive function and attention disorder among the patients.

The aim of the present study is to examine the effect of combination training based on sensory integration and executive function to mothers of children with Attention Dificit/ Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD).
The survey follow pre-test post-test model with two groups. For this purpose, from among mothers of first, second and third grade primary school students in Shiraz, 40 ones mothers were selected and were randomly assigned in two groups of experimental(n = 20) and control group (n = 20) through internet call from Education site, and by Clinical Interview, implementation of CSI-4 parent form, and according to the criteria for entry and after matching. Combination training based on sensory integration and executive function includes 24 sessions of an hour and a half, in one group that was held three times a week. Pre-test and post-test in both groups was performed using CSI-4 parent form.
Findings: The data were analyzed by means of SPSS programs and Covariance analysis methods. The results showed that combination training based on sensory integration and executive function mother-based reduces attention deficit and hyperactivity.
According to the results this training could lead to treatment of Attention Deficit/ Hyperactivity Disorder in children.

This study aimed to evaluate and compare the effectiveness of music therapy and neurofeedback, as two non-invasive methods, on the reduction of pain in patients with somatic complaints.
The samples of the study include 86 students of Payame Noor University of Tehran who were selected on the basis of the complaints of physical pain and medical diagnosis. All subjects completed measures of pain, physical symptoms, and Takata responded Sakata. Then they were divided to in the intervention groups and received music therapy or neurofeedback. The data were analyzed by applying Covariance.
Findings: The results indicated that neurofeedback, compared to music therapy, had significant effects impact on reducing the patient's physical symptoms, especially on their headache.
According to the results could show that neurofeedback effect on brain waves and lead to psychosomatic pains’ reduction.

Introduction and aim: Mental imagery is an important skill that athletes should always be applied; especially during competition, with high confidence, using it in order to relieve stress and improving performance. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of mirror neuron on different speeds of mental imagery on basketball dribbling performance.
The research method was semi-empirical manner conducted through a pretest-posttest design. The subjects included 30 female students (average age 22± 1.12) selected through a purposive sampling method and categorized in three groups of rapid-speed, equal-speed, and low-speed imagery. Following the basketball dribble function in pretests, the subjects were involved in imagery for a period of four consecutive days, and were subsequently tested for the real dribble function in the posttests. They were also subjected electroencephalographic assessment during imagery, focusing primarily on the reaction of the mirror neurons within the process. The findings were then analyzed using the intragroup analysis of variance.
The results demonstrated an improved dribble function in all groups (p≤0.05). However, investigation of the effect size indicated a significant improvement in the groups with slow-speed and equal-speed imagery compared to those receiving high-speed imagery. Mu rhythm suppression in areas C4 and Cz were observed in all groups (p≤0.05). C3 area active just in slow-speed group.
Mental imagery cause required movements encoding for performing skill in the brain by activating mirror neurons. In brain, this movement encoding leads to facilitate motor skills.

Normative feedback includes information that can affect learning and the performance of skills. The purpose of the present study was to examine the effect of normative feedback on the reaction time and self-efficacy of female students with intellectual diability.
Female students with intellectual disability made the research population. Ther have been 42 students with same IQ level, for assion the sample in three groups, normative feedback, reality feedback and control. The test were placed in three times as pre-test, post-test and retention test which has prolanged in 4 weeks. The retention test was performed 48 hours after the post -test.
Findings: The research data analyzed by SPSS, results of ANOVA-repeated measure test indicated that, the Positive feedback group in comparison of reality feedback and control, Has shown a shorter reaction time, Alsow reality feedback group in comparison of control group has shown a shorter simpal reaction time. But normative feedback on the selection reaction time had no effect. The positive feedback and the reality feedback could actually increase the self-efficacy of the students.
Overall, it can be said that the normative feedback causes learning promotion and increase self-efficacy.

Preparation capacity in the course of time does not mean low confidence about important events that will occur in the future. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of long preparation and handedness on the neuropsychological performance (ie, reaction time).
The method of this study was semi-experimental which was performed by a self-made software. The participants were 40 of Shahid Chamran University female students who were chosen for sampling and were included in two groups of left and right handedness. Edinburgh Handedness Inventory was administered to them. Repeated measure analysis of variance and Bonferroni post hoc test intergroup for data analysis were used.
Findings: The findings demonstrated that very short (0/5 seconds) and very long (3/5 seconds) foreperiods would result in the increase of the reaction time, and that left-handed individuals were associated with shorter reaction times compared to their right-handed counterparts.
Sustainable pattern of right and left hands to control the movement and the deployment strategies are different. Apparently, the cause of these differences is that different motor components specifically processed in two cerebral hemispheres. Moreover, it is better to prepare people for performing different skills from while avoiding too short and too long foreperiodes.

This study aimed to compare the speed of learning and the transfer of information between the brain hemispheres and normal people with substance abuse.
The study population consisted of boys with substance abuse for leaving to the related centers in 1395 were admitted to being normal boys. Sampling is cluster sampling in this study. The sample size in this study, 115 males and 115 males with substance abuse is common. The methodology of the study is causal-comparative. In order to collect data is used to draw in the mirror. The results using SPSS 20 software and were analyzed using ANOVA.
The results showed that the speed of learning and the transfer of information between the brain hemispheres ordinary people with substance abuse and there are significant differences.
The results of the study It can be concluded that people with substance abuse quickly learn and exchange information between the two hemispheres weaker than normal people act.