نشریه پرستاری کودکان
سال سوم شماره 3 (بهار 1396)

Considering the role of regular physical activity on human health, term review and rate among adolescents, to change the pattern of physical activity is valuable. The aim of this study was to determine levels of physical activity in adolescents 14-20 years in Ahvaz.
In this cross-sectional study (2016) 150 adolescents (14-20 years-old) were randomly selected health centers in Ahvaz. Data Collection tools by two questionnaires. The first questionnaire consisted of demographic and second questionnaire of physical activity daily, according to the intensity of physical activity in 9 case divided and it in order from top to bottom of inactivity (9.0 Metz ) to intense activity (more than 6 METs) shows.
The average age of participants is 17.04±1.5. Levels of physical activity with intensity more than 2 METs Significantly p The findings study indicative the duration and intensity of physical activity less than the recommended amounts (daily 30 to 60 minutes of vigorous activity) is at the age of 14-20 years and especially in adolescent girls.

Hydrops fetalis is accumulation of excess fluid in the fetus. Depending on the severity and cause of hydrops, may be exist edema of the fetus and placenta, ascites, pleural effusion, and pericardial effusion. Hydrops fetalis can be secondary to Rh incompatibility or nonimmune origin. The aim of this study was to introduce a nonimmune hydrops fetalis that was diagnosed during labor.
Case report: Primi para mother with complaint of contractions and rupture of membranes and with gestational age of 30 weeks referred to birth center and during a normal vaginal delivery, was born a baby girl that hydropic, has ascites clinical picture and severely ill and dead 5 minutes after the birth. Maternal blood group was O positive and infant, B positive.
Nonimmune hydrops fetalis is condition that often requires emergency treatment. Consulting and precise control of pregnancy, can lead to the discovery of the etiology and severity of the disease.

Autism Spectrum Disorders are a collection of related disorders that affect children's social growth and ability to communicate The present study aimed to define the efficacy of social attention and communication educational program on nurse's skill concerning early identification of infants and toddlers at risk of Autism Spectrum Disorder in Imam Hossein professional hospital in Isfahan.
This is a quasi-experimental study. Study population comprised all nurses, working in Imam Hossein professional hospital, who were selected through convenient sampling (n=40) , and then, were randomly assigned to study and control groups (n=20, n=20). Nurse's skill was assessed by Social Attention and Communication Study (SACS) checklist (Barbaro , 2011) . Educational program was conducted for study group for three sessions. Finally, post -test was administrated in both study and control groups.
ANCOVA test showed a significant difference between pre-test and post-test scores of nurse's skill in early identification of the infants and toddlers at risk of Autism Spectrum Disorder in study and control groups(p=0.001). There was also a significant difference between pre-test and post-test scores of nurse's skill in early detection of communication signs in infants and toddlers at risk of Autism Spectrum Disorder in study and control groups(p=0.001).
The results showed that nurse's training program known as "social interest relationship" could be used to detect risk for autism spectrum disorders and to continue the treatment at 8 months.

Physical disability is an inability to perform all or part of personal or social life activities because of congenital problems or defects in physical and mental potency. The impact of disability on social / psychological position of individuals is undeniable. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of life skills training on the adaptation and resilience in adolescents with physical disabilities.
Method of this study was quasi-experimental with pre-test and post-test with the control and experimental groups. The population of this study was all adolescents with physical disabilities in Shirvan city in 2015. The statistical sample was included 30 adolescents with disabilities who were selected through available sampling method, and then randomly assigned 15 adolescents in the experimental group and 15 adolescents in the control group. First conducted pretest on both of groups and then the experimental group received life skills training in 9 sessions (90 minutes). After training, post-test was conducted on both of groups.
The results showed that life skills training had significant effect on adaptation and resilience in adolescents with physical disabilities (p Learning life skills can be crucial for the success and adjustment in life. Children with disabilities may not be able to learn many of these skills without training. So we have to teach directly them these skills so that they can overcome life challenges and achieve more success.

There are few researches about effects of exercises on physical fitness factors of children with mental retardation. Aim of present study is to review the effect of eight weeks posture and balance training on physical fitness factors of mental retardation children.
30 voluntary students of Laleh Mental Retardation Elementary School of Yasuij city were selected as sample purposively. In the pretest stage all subjects were measured with the static balance, dynamic balance, muscle strength, flexibility and muscle endurance and then all subjects were divided into two groups of experimental and control. The experimental group trained selective exercises for eight weeks and the control group just did their daily activities. After eight weeks in posttest, all variables were measured again similarly as the prertest stage.
Findings: Results showed that eight weeks posture and balance training has significant effect on improvement of static balance (p=0.02), flexibility (p=0.001) and muscle endurance (p=0.006) of children with mental retardation; nevertheless it has no significant effect on improvement of dynamic balance (p=0.99) and muscle strength (p=0.11) of children with mental retardation.
regards to findings of present research, it is concluded that to improve the physical fitness of children with mental retardation, we can use eight weeks posture and balance training.

Education is an important issue in improvement knowledge of health care professionals. The Web-based education could be considered because of the flexibility of the education system, a good opportunity to extend, and deepen learning of scientific content providers. This study aimed to assess the impact of virtual learning in increasing knowledge and its effectiveness inNICU.
In this quasi- experimental study,80 nurses working in the neonatal intensive care in third unite of chosen hospital of Tehran University of Medical Sciences using random samples method (lottery)were divided into two experimental and control groups. And then use virtual symbol system [ through learning management system(LMS)] of the virtual school of Tehran University of Medical Sciences, the experimental group received two months of training through an asynchronous on–line learning method using the educational content in the form of visual (multimedia files), audio (podcasting) and text files (PDF) were. The study was conducted during 2 months in 2015-2016. Data collected by demographic questionnaire and caring ability scales CAI on the first day and two months after intervention for pre-test and post-test were collected.
Subjects in the intervention and control groups in terms of demographic variables were matched. The results of the independent and paired samples T test showed, between the unmeant score of caring ability in two groups before the intervention(p=0.001) And between the mean caring ability before and after the study (p =0.071), there was no statistically significant difference. But between the mean caring ability intervention group before and after the intervention (P E-learning can be used as a flexible manner, which allows access to multimedia and interactive educational content at any time and place to provide for nurses, and using to train for newborn' nursing and other sectors.

Delivery or childbirth is one of mother,s life experiences , some of which are associated with problems . The present study aimed to compare attachment , non-hostility , and satistaction with mother-child interaction in mothers who have had easy, preterm , and dystocia deliveries.
This study was conducted with a comparative cross-sectional descriptive method. The study population was all mothers referred to medical centers in Tabriz city in 2011.Accordingly, 180 mothers were selected with convenience samling and completed Maternal Postnatal Attachment Scale (MPAS). Cronbach's alpha reliability and and test-retest validity were 0.69 and 0.86, respectivly. Data were analyzed using spss software and multivariate analysis of variance.
Finding showed that there was a significant difference between three groups with easy, preterm and systocial deliveries in post natal attachment (f=32.3), quality of attachment (29.3), non-hostility (36.2) and saticfaction with mother-child interaction (17.2)with (p=o.oo1).
Given the results of the present study as well as previous studies , it could be concluded that having preterm and dystocia deliveries has a negative effect on mother-child relationship.

Diagnosing of pediatric cancer, process of treatment and hospitalization can effect on whole family and is one of the most stressful experiences of parents. Then in this research, our propose was the comparison of marriage conflict and perception of parents conflict in children with cancer and normal.
The population for children with cancer included Mahak hospital and for Normal children were all the 9 to 12 years old students of Tehran that selected from 3 school in north, center and south of Tehran. Sampling for both groups did through available sampling. mothers completed the Marital Conflict Scale and Children completed the Child’s Perception of Parental Conflict Questionnaire. Data were analyzed using multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA).
The results of MANOVA showed that parent of child with cancer got higher score in Emotional reaction, reduce in sextual relationship, increase in relationship with own family, get support from healthy children. But there is no difference betwenn financial task and efficial relationship.Also, children with cancer showed higher score in subscale of child’s perception of conflict showed a significant different in cognitive cope with conflict.
The results showed that cancer in child can make negative influence on some aspects of marital relations and other aspects of family life, such as relationships with others. Also, children with cancer may experience feel of guilty because of their psychological condition, it cause that they interpretation parent’s conflict in a different way, as well as cognitive coping with difficult situations are somewhat different from normal children.