نشریه یافته های تحقیقاتی در گیاهان زراعی و باغی
سال پنجم شماره 1 (بهار 1395)

The Shush variety with CBRD-3/STORK × DICOCCOIDES pedigree has come out from AREO-ICARDA Irrigated Spring Bread Wheat Improvement Project (AIISWIP) for low latitude of west and center of Asia and north of Africa. The cultivar was selected from adaptability tests in hot and dry climates in the south of the countries during two consecutive years (2006-2008) which carried out at six stations located in the hot and dry climates of Iran. The results showed that the Shush in the evaluating stations had stabile grain yield. High grain yield potential, earliness, resistance to terminal heat stress and shattering, high level of resistance to different stripe rust races, good grain quality were there best characteristics of Shush. This cultivar adapted to irrigated wheat growing areas in the Southern Dry and Warm Agro-climatic Zone in Iran especially in Khozestan, West Fars, Warm areas in Lorestan, Kerman and Kermanshah, provinces.

Pollination is a key process in natural and agricultural ecosystems. Hence, pollination has important role in those human foods production and livelihoods which directly depend on natural ecosystems and agricultural production systems. One third of the food used by humans directly and indirectly is provided by plants that depend on pollination within sects. Worldwide, more than 3,000 plant species have been used as food, while 300 of them are now widely grown, and only 12species supply nearly 90 percent of the world's food. The majority of the flowering plants make the seeds once animal pollinators transfer pollen grains from anthers to their stigma. In addition to plants, biodiversity of animals that feed on fruits and seeds are also dependent on pollinators. Without this procedure, the relationship between most of the related species can be dissipating. Thus, in addition to agricultural production, pollinators are also critical for maintaining biodiversity. In this study, in order to regeneration and production of important agricultural crops, the types of reproductive and pollination mechanisms were discussed.

Dargazi melon is one of the important populations of high quality in terms of sugar (15 to 17 brix) and it taste in Khorasan Razavi province. Dargazi melon fruit has bright white and yellow skin color with green lines. This variety has oblong shape and therefore it has better marketing value than other varieties. In the first step of experiment the different characteristics and compatibility melon populations were evaluated in different areas of the province during 1998 to 2001 for four years at Mashhad, Torbat-e Jam and Birjand cities. Dargazi melons population among compared populations had desirable traits such as high sugar content (Brix), high quality and special flavor, good shape and relative resistance to melon fly as the most important pests of fruit and melon. In the next step in order to improve the agronomic traits of the native population of the project was carried out during 2006 to 2011 for 5 years in the Mashhad and Gonabad. The plant row method was used for breeding selection. Gardner was classified as farm network. With fruit ripening in the first year, 10 percent of desirable plants from each plot were selected. Selection of fruits and seeds were numbered separately. In the second year, half of the seeds of each number were stored and the other half was planted in a 20 meters row in order to charactering and comparing population with each other. After selecting the superior numbers at the end of the second year, the seeds were bringing out from the ware house and mixed for planting purposes thru following year. In third year their seeds were planted, and since the obtained population had no good uniformity and purity, breading program was repeated for another 3 years, as the first step was.At the end of the fifth year, breeding population were compared with initial population by using t-test. By the end of the selection period, the improved population had high percentage of desirable traits. The results showed that breeding program was able to improve many quantitative and qualitative characteristics of the Dargazi melon initial population. Advanced population had uniformity, high eryield and sugar content. The number of fruits per plant and average fruit weight was higher than the initial population. At this step obtained population as advanced population with having better uniformity and superiority was propagated as nucleus mother seed. In the final step of the breeding program at 2013, thru a two-year research-extension project, the breeding population Dargazi was compared with initial Dargazi population (control) in Gonabad and Torbat-e Jam. The results showed that advanced population with having 19 tons yield per hectare significantly was better than initial population with having 5.8 tons yield per hectare.

Large seed size in lentil is one of major factors for high market acceptance. Fusarium wilt (Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lentis) is a major yield reducer for lentil in Iran. Bilehsevar cultivar (ILL6037) developed from a cross between ILL 4605 and ILL 4349 made at Tel Hadya, the main research station of ICARDA. ILL6037 was evaluated in Lentil International Yield Trial-Large seed size (LIYT-L-96), A-test, Fusrarium wilt evaluation, Adaptation Yield Trial, On-farm, and Joint Extension-Research trials conducted at research station and farmers field in Kermanshah, Lorestan, Moghan, Gachsaran, Maragheh, Ardebil, Qazvin, North Khorasan and Zanjan during 1995-2007 cropping seasons. The result showed that Bilehsevar cultivar was significantly superior with having 6.07 gram of 100-seed weight than improved lentil varieties (Kimiya and Gachsaran) and local check. Nevertheless Bilehsevar cultivar have high market acceptance and high potential yield, also is higher tolerance to fusarium wilt than local variety and Kimiya.

Thomson Navel and Moro orange are important varieties which preserving in storeroom after harvesting for several months. Nowadays, researchers attempted to maintain quality appearance and fruit quality during storage. In this study, the effect of pre-harvest applications (three times) of calcium chloride (0, 1, 2 and 4 percent) was investigated on two citrus (‘Thomson’ and ‘Moro’) varieties during two consecutive years. Fruits harvested and preserved under 5 ◦C and 85 percent RH for 60 days. Some physicochemical properties were measured on the first, 30 and 60 days after harvesting. Results showed that weight loss in fruit treated by CaCl2 was significantly less than control during storage. Although during storage TA in ‘Thomson’ and ‘Moro’ both on treated and control fruits were decreased, but this decline was lower in fruits which treated by foliar CaCl2 applications. Ratio of TSS: TA and EC were lower in CaCl2 treatments at harvest and during storage than control. At each sampling time, amount of ascorbic acid was higher in treated fruits than control. In conclusion, CaCl2 appeared more significant role on keeping fruit quality during storage.

In order to identification and introduction of new cultivar from Vicia panonica 11 research projects and On-farm trials were conducted at Dry land Agricultural Research Institute (DARI) during 2004-2013. Adaptability evaluation showed that VP-Sel 1332 (Lamei) line had the least mean rank over all environments. This line with highest biomass yield (3572 Kg/ha) was one of the most stable cultivars in the studied environments. Evaluations in the On-farm conditions in East-Aazarbaijan and Kurdestan provinces, demonstrated that there is no significant difference between biomass yield of this line and control (Golsefid) however, its grain yield was 40% more than Golsefid. Date of flowering in the new cultivar was 10 days earlier than Golsefid. It was concluded that new cultivar (Lamei) has special efficiency because of autumn planting capability, higher grain yield and earliness comparing Golsefid, could be introduced as a new winter crop for cold and semi-cold drylands.