International Journal of Reproductive BioMedicine
Volume:15 Issue: 3, Mar 2017

Ambiguous genitalia is an uncommon situation that happensbetween 1 and 2 per every 1000 live births and falls under the umbrella diagnosisof disorders of sexual development.
Case: In this article, we report a case of male pseudohermaphroditism withambiguous genitalia. The proband was a 12 yr old girl without any uterus orovarian tissues. Karyotype of the case is 46, XY. Genes involved in sexualdifferentiation such as AR, SRD5A2, LH, LHR, FSH, 17 B HSD and SRY geneswere sequenced in both directions. No mutations were found in these geneseither.

It seems advisable to be cautious in similar cases, and reviseprotocol for tracing the genes involved in the patients

Fetal growth restriction (FGR) is a condition with heterogeneous pathophysiology which characterized by fetal weight less than the tenth percentile for gestational age. Several factors have impact on maternal, placental and fetal due to growth restriction.

The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between levels of leptin in the cord, and serum leptin of mothers also abnormal color Doppler indices of umbilical artery with fetal growth restriction.

This is a cross sectional study conducted in Isfahan, Iran, 2015-2016. We recruited 40 women with singleton pregnancies complicated by fetal growth restriction (Group I) and 40 pregnant women with normal fetal growth (Group II) with matched age. Maternal serum and umbilical artery leptin levels were determined with Enzyme-Linked immunosorben method. Also, color Doppler ultrasound of umbilical artery was performed.

Mean maternal and fetal leptin levels were lower in the FGR group compared to the normal group (36.58±(20.99) and 7.42 ±(4.08)vs. 47.32±(22.50) and 30.49±(14.50) respectively). Also, mean fetal leptin level was lower in the group with abnormal color Doppler sonographic indices compared to the normal group (7. 40 ±(4.10)vs 27.06±(15.80), respectively).

This study indicated that maternal and fetal leptin levels are correlated with FGR originating from damaged placental function; also fetal leptin level can indicate changes in color Doppler sonographic indices.

Testicular damage due to spermatic cord torsion may lead toinfertility. It is probably because of changes in oxidative stress factors such asmalondialdehyde.

To investigate the protective effect of melatonin (MLT), as anantioxidant, on testicular damage induced by acute unilateral spermatic cord torsionand detorsion (T/D) in rats.

In this experimental study, 48 adult male Wistar rats wererandomly divided into three groups (8 rats/group): sham group underwent rightscrotal surgery only., the T/D group underwent right testicular torsion (for 1 hr) anddetorsion, and the melatonin group underwent right testicular torsion, received 25μg/kg melatonin intraperitoneally immediately after surgery of T/D. Then thehistological parameters and malondialdehyde (MDA) changes were evaluated.

Torsion and detorsion decreased the diameter of the tubules significantlycompared to controls (p=0.003). Melatonin could increase the diameter, but it wasnot significant (p=0.26). The heights of the epithelium were constant in sham, T/D,and melatonin groups without any significant difference between groups (p=0.98).Based on Johnsen’s score, spermatogenesis was normal in the sham group. Thetorsion significantly injured all lineage cells (p

Severe degenerative changes of testis were induced by acute unilateralspermatic cord torsion and detorsion in rats, but it had no effect on MDA level.

Equity in distribution of resources is considered as an importantpriority in health care systems. Equitable distribution of obstetrics and gynecology(Ob/Gyn) services in the country level is critical in maternal and neonatal health forqualitative promotion of maternal care in pregnancy, delivery, and post-deliveryperiods.

The present study aimed at determining regional disparity of obstetricsand gynecology services and its association with children and infants mortality rates.

This was a descriptive-analytical study conducted in 2015to investigate distribution of Ob/Gyn services using three indicators of number ofnursing and midwifery personnel, total Ob/Gyn specialists, and total delivery bedsamong 30 provinces of the country. Equity criteria in the present study includedpopulation, normal vaginal deliveries, cesarean sections, and total deliveries. Datawere gathered using a researcher-made form and Stata 12 was used to calculate Ginicoefficient. The association of Ob/Gyn services with children and infant mortalityrates was investigated using SPSS package and linear regression test.

The lowest Gini coefficient was observed in distribution of nursing andmidwifery personnel in delivery wards in terms of vaginal delivery (0.38 from 1)and the highest value was related to distribution of Ob/Gyn specialists in terms ofvaginal delivery (0.73 from 1). Infant mortality was significantly associated withnumber of nursing and midwifery personnel in delivery wards, and total number ofOb/Gyn specialists.

Considering new population policies in Iran and increased fertility rate,it is recommended to facilitate accessibility of the required services for the women,particularly those of reproductive age.

Elevated serum ferritin concentration is associated with insulinresistance and diabetes. Recently it has also been described in gestational diabetesmellitus (GDM).

A prospective study was done to determine whether there was arelationship between serum ferritin concentration in early pregnancy and the risk ofGDM.

A study was performed on 1,384 pregnant women withgestational age of 12-16 weeks. A blood sample was obtained for measurement offerritin in the first trimester. Diagnosis of GDM was done by 75 gr oral glucosetolerance test between 24-28 wk.

Women who developed GDM had a higher concentration of serum ferritinthan women who did not develop GDM (p=0.01). A ferritin concentration of 45ng/ml was calculated to be the 75th percentile for healthy pregnant women.Considering this level 32% in the GDM group and 25.2%of normal subjectsexhibited high ferritin levels (p=0.01). The risk of GDM with these high levels offerritin was 1.4-fold higher than that for subjects with lower concentrations. TheOdds Ratio was 1.4 (95% CI= 1-1.87) (p=0.01). After adjusted for age Odds Ratiowas 1.38 (95% CI=1.02-1.86) (p=0.03) and after adjustment for pre-pregnancy BodyMass index, the adjusted odds ratio was 1.31 (CI= 0.96-1.79) (p=0.08). Aftermultivariable adjustment (age and body mass index), the adjusted odds ratio was 1.3(0.95-1.8) (p=0.09).

High serum ferritin can be regarded as a significant risk factor for thedevelopment of gestational diabetes

Methamphetamine (MA) was shown to have harmful effects on malereproductive system.

To investigate probable effects of daily administration of MA on spermparameters and chromatin/DNA integrity in mouse.
Material and

Thirty-five NMRI male mice were divided into five groupsincluding low, medium, and high dosage groups which were injectedintraperitoneally with 4, 8 and 15 mg/kg/day for 35 days, respectively. Normalsaline was injected in sham group and no medications were used in control group.Then, the mice were killed and caudal epididymis of each animal was cut and placedin Ham’s F10 medium for sperm retrieval. To evaluate sperm chromatinabnormalities, the aniline blue, toluidine blue and chromomycine A3 were used. Forsperm DNA integrity and apoptosis, the acridine orange, sperm chromatindispersion, and TUNEL assay were applied. For sperm morphology, Papanicolaoustaining was done

Normal morphology and progressive motility of spermatozoa decreased inmedium and high dosage groups in comparison with the control group (p=0.035).There was a significant increase in rate of aniline blue, toluidine blue, andchromomycine A3 positive spermatozoa in high dosage group. In a similar manner,there was an increase in rates of acridine orange, TUNEL and sperm chromatindispersion positive sperm cells in high dosage group with respect to others.

MA abuse in a dose-dependent manner could have detrimental effectson male reproductive indices including sperm parameters and spermchromatin/DNA integrity in mice.

Preeclampsia (PE) is a serious complication of pregnancy withhallmarks of incomplete placentation, placental ischemia and endothelialdysfunction. Imbalance between vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF),placenta growth factor (PlGF) and their receptors play important role inpathophysiology of PE.

This study was aimed to asses PlGF mRNA expression in placenta ofwomen affected with PE.
Material and

In this cross-sectional study, expression of PlGF mRNAwas evaluated in 26 mild PE cases, 15 severe preeclamptic women and 20normotensive controls. Patients were sub-classified as early onset PE (9) and lateonset (32). After RNA extraction, PlGF expression was quantified with qRT-PCR.

The results of PlGF mRNA expression between mild-severe, and early-lateonset PE patients showed no statistically significant difference compared with thecontrol group (p=0.661, p=0.205 respectively).

Despite we found no distinct differential expression of PlGF mRNA inplacental tissue of PE patients compared with control women, but according todecreased level of this angiogenic factor in PE even before clinical onset of thedisease, determining molecular mechanisms related to reduced secretion of PlGFinto the maternal circulation may be useful for future therapeutics.

Ambiguous genitalia is an uncommon situation that happensbetween 1 and 2 per every 1000 live births and falls under the umbrella diagnosisof disorders of sexual development.

Case:

 In this article, we report a case of male pseudohermaphroditism withambiguous genitalia. The proband was a 12 yr old girl without any uterus orovarian tissues. Karyotype of the case is 46, XY. Genes involved in sexualdifferentiation such as AR, SRD5A2, LH, LHR, FSH, 17 B HSD and SRY geneswere sequenced in both directions. No mutations were found in these geneseither.

It seems advisable to be cautious in similar cases, and reviseprotocol for tracing the genes involved in the patients