نشریه کتاب و سنت
سال دوم شماره 1 (پیاپی 2، بهار 1393)

One of the major attempts of Shia scholars in the field of Hadith is writing commentaries on the honourable book of “Kafi”. This was formed on the beginning of 11th century AD with the aim of explaining the real and applied meaning of Hadith among Hadith sciences. “Sharh Osul Kafi” written by Sadr al-Din Muhammad al-Shirazi the theologian philosopher is the most significant and profound commentary of “Osul al-Kafi”. Commentator’s effort to place the text in the narrative description refers to his high notion in the field of Hadith. Molla Sadra has used all possible scientific instruments for internal and external criticism of Hadith. He has collected literary topics such as morphology, syntax and rhetorical sciences to understand the outward of the narration and has tried his best to study and explain the difficult and unknown narrations. His work shows his ability in literal and gives a noble position to what he has done.

This research intends to study the authenticity of the interpretive narrations of Islam, from the view of Ayatollah marefat. He has authored an exegeses of the Quran, titled "Al-tafsir Al-asari Al-jame'", using these interpretive narrations. In this study, first a brief description of the life of Ayatollah Marefat and Al-tafsir Al-asari Al-jame' and a definition of Tafsir mathur (interpretive narration) will be given. Further, the opinion of Ayatollah Marefat on the authentication of interpretive narrations was presented. This method consists of 3 steps: one- authentication of interpretive narrations and studying various sources of interpretive narrations, which includes the Prophet (pbuh), the Ahl-al-Bayt, the Sahaba and the followers. Two- studying the sources of interpretive narrations. Three- studying contents of interpretive narrations. Ayatollah Maarefat has set the criteria for authenticating hadith to be comparing with the Quran and Sunnah, and non-contradicting with reason and logic.

Salvation in this world and in the hereafter is the demand of every man who is idealist and seeks perfection and walks on the path of his divine nature. Accordingly, identifying the factors and barriers of such salvation is one of the necessities of the demand. Nevertheless one of the most important problems in this field are false illusions which appear in the form of truth and not only lead the man to the salvation but takes him away. In this paper the issue of salvation illusion has been studied by using the verses of the Qur’an and the narrations of Imam Ali (as) focusing on Nahj al-Balaghah. In this survey a part of false illusions of salvation such as negligence of divine roles which governs our life like: examining and the cause of these illusions such as following passions will be discussed in details.

A famous narration which is accepted among all Muslims (Shias and Sunnis) is the narration on knowing the Imam of the age: “Everyone who dies while he doesn’t know Imam of his era had died like a person in the age of ignorance”. This article tries to collect information from different books to show the behaviour of Hazrat Zahra and her interaction toward Kholafa. Studying her life shows she didn’t give alliance to Kholafa and all Muslims believe she was truthful and couldn’t be died as a person dies in the age of ignorance. So we have no choice other than accepting this, that Imam Ali (as) was the true successor of the holy Prophet (pbuh).

Imam Ali (as) as the true successor of Prophet Muhammad (pbuh) took the leadership of the Islamic community after 25 years and as an Imam had to be obeyed. But he faced many disobediences. This research studies the behaviour of people in the era of Imam Ali (as) toward him by exploring historical events and tries to find the relation between worldliness and their disobedience of their Imam. Finally, to conclude that worldliness is the root of many disobediences of Imam and a major obstacle to gain his lofty goals in the government.

Causes of descent is any sort of questions, and any incident that happened in the era of the Prophet (pbuh) and caused the revelation of a verse or verses or a chapter of the Quran and in which refers to the accident or question. Most of Quranic scholars and scientists pay a great attention to these series of narrations. Meanwhile, some of Shia exegetes such as Allamah Tabatabai, Ayatollah Javadi Amoli and Ayatollah Marifat has narrated and investigated the narrations in a critical manner. Although Allamh Tabatabai accounts most of the narration as an outcome of narrators Ijthad but he mentions and criticises many of them. Ayatollah Javadi Amoli mentions the cause of descent of a verse apart from the sphere of the revelation. Javadi Amoli Like his teacher, Tabatabai, considers a part of the traditions of the descent which narrated by some of companions or followers only the underlying conceptions of interpretation and could not be considered as a proof. But only the traditions which has an accepted and valid evidence is able to be used in the way of declaring the cause of revelation. Unlike them, Ayatollah Marifat gives a great scientific and practical value to the exegeses of the Companions and consequently the cause of descent traditions narrated by them. Of course there are differences in their expressions and layout in this regard which will be mentioned in this article.

Human thoughts play a decisive role in creating his satisfaction in the life. This is because the inner thoughts of man shapes beliefs and feelings and gives direction to his behaviors. The world - It is marked as a container of human life- has the most important effects in people satisfied feel strengthen or weaken of the life. Because the world has laws if it is known as well as it is, Human expectations, adapted to the realities of the world and provided his satisfaction of the life. This article attempts to review the descriptions of Imam Ali (as) about the world to extract the real-world features and adapting to the life satisfaction explain and analysis the close relationship between these two facts. Some features have influence on life satisfaction including: to be easy going, accompanied by pain and stiffness, instability, mixture of bitterness and sweetness, and the results of this research were obtained is that rare description of the world by Imam Ali (as) in addition to many educational and moral teachings contains a psychological outcomes too and causes look of the man to the world is modified and be realistic understanding and consistency be established between his exceptions and reality of the world and finally his life overstretched with satisfaction.