نشریه مطالعات دفاعی استراتژیک
پیاپی 66 (زمستان 1395)

Makran is a part of Iran coasts that has not been developed because of negligence, although it is highly privileged in geo-economic, geo-strategic and geo-politic areas. Lack of a proper model of progress in this area, has put limitations on utilizing the present capacities while at the same time affecting Iran sea power rehabilitation. Therefore, the present research aims at providing answers for the question “what model is appropriate for the Makran coastal development while it also helps the Rehabilitation of Iran sea power?”. This is done using ground theory, case and background study, and co-relational research method. In order to build the method of Makran coastal development, data sampling has been conducted based on conceptual choosing and Makran coastal development conceptual model was gained in 5 dimensions and 18 components. In the next step, the prepared conceptual model in the form of questionnaires (with open and closed questions), were distributed among statistical population of 70 in Harshad number (comprised of military and nonmilitary authorities with master degree or above who were knowledgeable on Makran Coasts, sea and sea power subjects). Afterward, using Lisrel, Super Decision and SPSS software, the received data were analyzed, and beside designing the method of development of Makran Coats, the relations between the variables were determined and the normal distribution of variables was reviewed using Kolmogorow-Smirnow Test and was tested using Confirmatory Factor Analysis Validity Test and approved. Respectively economical, social, defensive-security, cultural and political progresses have been determined as the most significant models and development model was designed by determining the relations.

This paper applied as agile strategic indicators of human resources major combat units of land in accordance with the methodology and underlying asymmetric threats have been made. After analyzing the findings of the analysis method (heuristic) index agile strategic staffing for major combat units of ground gained. The method of collecting data on the combination of (athletics, library) and study population consisted of 307 people, 77 people, for example, randomly selected class and results in agile important leading indicator of labor represents 10 major combat units of land as These are: Individual and collective agents of human resources. Individual factors include strategic indicators: health, spirit, beauty, patience and perseverance, personal motivation, knowledge, skills, intelligence and collective factors including strategic indicators: staffing, including compliance, organizational learning skills, zeal is part and flexibility..

Turkish-Iranianrelations after Iran's Islamic Revolution, is influenced by factors such as Islamism, geopolitical competition, competition for regional hegemony, economic and political. Both Turkey and Iran have influence on each other and National Security of the Islamic Republic of Iran is affected from the important country.The aim of this study was to achieve recognition of Turkey and political components and indicators affecting the security defense relations of the Islamic Republic of Iran's with Turkey and determine their impact on each other.In this study, type of study, "Application development" and Methodology "descriptive, analytical" and main research question is"which is political factors and indicators affecting the Islamic Republic of Iran's defense and security relations with Turkey?". The conceptual model derived from teacherswere put to the expertstest with self-made Likert scale questionnaire,reliability and validity were confirmed with cronbach's alpha of 0.956and carcasses of more than 0.8.Finally, Friedman test, correlation and analysis of operating loads, defense and security relations was confirmedwith the two components of political convergence and divergence and 26indicator.

Complication and the increase in the need of social support turned the creation of social security system into a necessity. Iran’s leaders pay especial attention to hardworking people and improvement in supporting them. Regarding the matter we have witnessed establishments of several social security related organizations through the past three decades. But the social security system has some defacts and couldn’t performe well in practice. Designing every universal system requires gaining acceptable and functional roots and concepts that all agree with. Social welfare has always been considered by economists and politicians. In Ayatillah Khamenei’s thoughts, the social security is prior to economics. He considered the importance of the matter based on the spiritual and life effects caused by it. Considering Ayatollah Khamenei’s place in governmental system of Islamic Republic of Iran and his approaches toward managing social security; we are looking to survy Aytollah Khamenei’s viewpoints in social security management throught grounded theory. By employing the grounded theory method, 21 virtual categories from 64 main concepts were classify and extracted. By using of the result, considering three level of coding and classifying categories depends on three groups of Doctrine, Goals and policies in presence of Ayatollah Khamenei’s approaches, the model of managing the social security was achieved. The research foundings shows that policies in Ayatollah Kamenei’s viewpoints are more frequencies than other three prior groups. Social justice the bold characteristic of Emam, Universal welfare, poverty eradication, satisfaction of erphants’ needs, useage of performance of Emam’s charity commette, cohesiveness of organizations, research oriented approach and enreaching undercover individuals are of the greatest viewpoints that Ayatollah Khamenei’s has pointed out, but the reviews of the three central categories indicate that this category of Holiness is to serve and support people have pointed out that the same religious views and crystallization point in Ayatollah Kamenei, the Supreme Leader towards the establishment of social security in the community.

The wide range of functional areas of Basij in national and international levels, has turned it to an institution with Exclusive capabilities in order to achieve the national security objectives of the Islamic Republic of Iran ¡So that whole Stability of Islamic Republic of Iran depends on Basij in various areas. Now the question is that “ What are the main expectations of the Supreme Commanderin-Chief Imam Khamenei from the Basij? “. Two research methods has been used in this article. In the first stage "Grounded Theory" has neen used to understand the main functions of Basij from the perspective of the Suprem leader. In the second stage, In order to Categorize and validate Those basic expectations, we have used inferential and statistical formulas by an expert group working on the ideas of Imam Khamenei about Basij . Spreading the Velayat culture , Promoting the Leaderships Discours , Defencive and security function as an strong shield , Basirah or knowledge-based thinking and Taklifbased behavior, and finally, presence at the whole scens in order to defend the Islamic Revolution, have been sorted as the main expectations of The Supreme Commander-in-Chief from Basij , as the results of this research.

The article purpose provide to study effective features of unbalance threat to operat of army aviation. first in this article by studing books and documents 36 features have been counted and through inter views and different stages of analysis , 10 effective features of the army aviation’s performance have been determined . Then by distributing the provided questiounair among the statistical sempels the importance of each fetur is determined . The statistical semples of the study including the army aviafion’s experts in the supreme commander’s staff , the army , and the commander and the authorities and the teacher’s of the enginneering and flight school of imam ali military univercity , the commander and authorities in the opration and education of army aviation , the commander’s and the authorities in opration and education of the army aviatiou’s base’s , and the commander and authorities and teacher’s of flight school in the training center ; they are 66 . The common chractristise these people are (employed more than 15 years – at least passed command and general staff college – degree graded colonel and above – minimum 5 years familiar with the subject of opration and flight training army aviation . ) Type of the discussion is pratical and method used with background case by component theory . Finally in depend of finding of tables to determined by effective of each practical charctristise.

Principle of Surprise is attacked enemy in unexpected time, place and way that cannot defended .Surprise always is a vital side of war and in military literature is force multiplayer that increase effectiveness of one side of conflict and as old as war exists. Emphasize of Islam in Muslim all aspect preparation for surprise prevention is a sensible example. The orders of great prophet Mohamed and his relatives that all times recommendated in front of enemies shows the importance of this subject in Islam in opposite of known and unknown enemy. Beyond this today electronic intelligence collection is a main source of information that with precision and speed and in time character can do best roll in command and control of battle environment. Today’s more attention about use of electronic intelligence have seen in many armies and model of usage change periodically especially about prediction of enemy action in future for surprise prevention with gain situational awareness by this kind of information .Based of this any side that can collect COMPREHENSIVE, LARGE , INTEGRAL , INTACT , MATURE information immune about enemy surprise action in strategic and tactical level of war and conflict.

In today’s changing environment of global power system and distribution, the Islamic Republic of Iran (IRI) possesses a situation which could affect the global and regional equations. By the same way, the functions of the vicinity could affect the issues at home and outside Iran. In such a situation and in regard with the complex environment of global security, the macro defensesecurity policies, in theory and practice, face challenges in dealing with the threats and related concepts. Accordingly, the current paper aims to explain the main challenges in the face of the IRI’s defense policies through a descriptiveanalytic and applied method. Following, it takes sample objectively in such a way that the sample hits 60 and gathers data on desk with fiche technique; in the field, it uses questionnaire and for analysis, it utilizes inferential and descriptive statistics. Besides exploiting SPSS, Excel and PLS, to grade challenges and related parameters, it uses Test to Compare Means and Factor Analysis. Finally, the outcome of the study reveals that the main challenges in relation to the IRI’s defense policies include: rise of new players, emergence of flexible coalitions rather than unity, change of strategic concepts, globalization, pressure groups, bureaucratic trends, political vicissitudes, provision of resources and inappropriate planning which could divided into two “international environment” and “national environment” challenges.

According to research conducted by geopolitical factors are divided into 8 categories (Natural, human, economic, domestic political, foreign political, military, cultural and science and technology). This paper will examine the natural geopolitical factor. The mixed method research (analytical method and the background) was performed and the type of sampling applied. Data collection method is library field and the population of 73 people, the expertise used to quantitatively analyzed. The aim is to achieve a natural geopolitical factors in the development of security-security strategy IRI US threats against Iraq is a country of origin. The study is based on current conditions and strategic position in the Islamic Republic of Iran, Iraq, Islamic Republic of Iran is not a threat or enemy, America's main enemy, which uses space and geography of Iraq, the Islamic Republic of Iran is threatened.... . The results indicate that 13 natural geopolitical factor in causing strong bases, project opportunities, weak security mechanism and threatening a significant role in the Islamic Republic of Iran's defensive strategy. These factors, in order of priority are: Free water, proximity to the Persian Gulf countries, communication situation, the geopolitical spotlight, size and shape of land, water and land boundaries, topography, Iraqi Kurdistan.

Turkmenistan as an effective player in the geopolitical developments in the region with geopolitical capacities trys to efforts in developments in the region. Since geopolitical factors in the formulation of defense strategies is the basis for the adoption of appropriate policies so that the main purpose of this study is to identify geopolitical factors vigilance creates opportunities the development of defense strategy Islamic Republic of Iran The aim of this study is related to the main question, the most important geopolitical factors contributing to the formulation of defense strategies of the Islamic Republic of Iran, Turkmenistan vigilance creates opportunities What are? Using descriptive, analytical application form, questionnaire set in two stages and the sample of 92 subjects (as a whole number) providing and using SPSS software processed data is sent. The most important geopolitical factors affecting to the Islamic Republic of Iran's defense strategy priorities are gas transit, neighborhood eshghaBad the border with Iran, Turkmenistan to Iran in transit dependence on energy and commodities, the volume of economic exchanges between the two countries, religious commonalities between the two countries, Iran's membership in eco and cultural interests of the Turkmen people to culture.

According to the orders of the Supreme Command Chief Imam Khamenei that "NAVY today in many parts of the world and in our country is a strategic force to NAVY should be seen as a strategic force" , this research aims to promote empowerment strategies appropriate to the mission of the naval strategic military commanders, senior managers Iran and its main goal, to achieve empowerment strategies led by the military commander in the Navy senior managers Islamic Republic of Iran, which has not been done. Applied and the underlying case study method and in 1393the Navy military bases is strategic .The study sample of experts and knowledgeable community composed of naval strategy .Sampling of the experts with regard to restrictions on the experts, population size and sample size in this study, 50people who are all selected number. Using the theory and literature, internal factors and external factors extraction and national defense strategies based on new models of primary education and improved extraction and then use the tools "TOPSIS" strategies, priorities and strategies as ranked No. 8 Strategic empowerment Commanders and senior managers is presented.