International Journal of Occupational Hygiene
Volume:9 Issue: 1, Mar 2017

The Permit to Work System (PTWS) provides a practical framework for our staff and contractors to abide by our commitment of no harm to people or the environment and also, the PTW system intended to provide an effective means of identifying significant hazards and managing significant HSE risk activities. In other words, it provides a set of eyes that focus on significant HSE risk activities to verify with contractors and workers the required controls that have been identified and established to manage the level of HSE risks associated with hazardous work tasks. The PTWS is a critical HSE risk-management tool and supports South Pars Gas Complex (SPGC)’s HSE Stand and Commitments. It is an important part of SPGC’s Operational Risk Management system and is integral to SPGC’s safe system of work. Most importantly, the PTWS is designed to manage those HSE risks that could result in serious or fatal injuries. Human factors, such as people not implementing procedures properly, are often a cause of incidents. SPGC’s PTWS has been designed to reduce this risk. It is supported by comprehensive training, instruction, communication, review, and (most importantly) a built-in understanding of how to practically implement the permit system in the field. In this study set out SPGC’s Permit to Work System (PTWS) disconformities and introduce the audit checklist for system identification. So that, it can be audit this procedure of PTW system. The results of surveys and interviews with experts indicate that questions raised in the checklist is divided into 10 main categories: 1-SIMOPS Immediate, data sharing, 2-High risk activity, 3-Confined space entry activities, 4- HNF activities immediate data sharing, 5-Protecting PTWS counterfeit, 6-Immediate risk assessment, 7-Capability of permits tracing, 8-Capability of MOC and any flexibility, 9-Cost saving capability, 10-Immediate MSDS. So that classified considerations from this study will promote PTW systems to ensure that authorized and competent people have thought about foreseeable HSE risks and that these risks are eliminated or minimized by using suitable control measures. Those carrying out the job should think about and understand what they are doing to carry out their work safely and take the necessary control measures and requirements.

safety culture is a set of beliefs, norms, incentives, social and technical roles and functions that make the core of the safety management system. The aim of this study was to examine factors affecting safety culture and its relationship to accident in the oil depots.
Case-control study was conducted in 2016. 300 employees of 3 oil depot in Tehran were selected that 150 people had not accident in the last 3 years and 150 people were injured in the last 3 years. Questionnaire consisting of 61 questions was used to evaluate the safety culture and effective factors on it. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS software version 19.
The mean of the age, work experience and safety culture scores were 32.07 years, 7 years and 185.8, respectively. There was a significant relationship between safety culture and accidents so that the percentage of positive safety culture in people with a history of accidents (72.6%) was more than percentage of individuals without a history of accidents (39.3%). The age, work experience, education and marital status variables had no a significant relationship with safety culture.
Results of this study showed that the percentage of people with negative safety culture was more than people with a positive safety culture in the oil depot and safety culture had a significant positive correlation with the recorded accident. Among the aspects of safety culture, the management commitment had the highest score and the safety priorities had lowest score

the results of the studies indicate that harmful physical factors of workplace including lighting may affect the cognitive performance of human. Therefore, tests of job skill assessment (BATTERY method) were used to conduct this study under experimental condition, with the aim of determining the effect of lighting on the accuracy and pace of working in men.
this interventional study was conducted on 29 male students in the environmental chamber of School of Public Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, under the conditions of mild weather (40% relative humidity and dry bulb temperature of 20 ° C). After gathering demographic information, participants took a rest for 10 to 15 minutes. Then in 0, 40, 80, and 120 minutes after beginning, they carried out all tests of job skill assessment (BATTERY method) including clockwise and counter-clockwise two-arm coordination test, V Pieron test, and vibrometer test of targeting accuracy measurement. The number of errors (accuracy assessment) and the duration of the test (pace assessment) were recorded by the researcher.
the one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with repeated observations, indicated that there was a meaningful difference in the mean values of accuracy and pace in exposure to different intensities of lighting while carrying out job skill assessment tests (P the results of the present study indicate that an increase in the intensity of lighting may enhance people’s performance and limit unsafe behaviors by increasing the accuracy and pace of working while conducting cognitive activities.

It is becoming increasingly difficult to ignore the negative consequences of shift work on workers’ health and safety. The major effects include health effects and effects on quantity of sleep, alertness, life satisfaction, and job performance. The aims of this study were to investigate the relationships between shift work and related health effects and shift work and worker's satisfaction in workers of a mining industry located in south-west of Iran.
All workers of the mining industry were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. Data was collected by Survey of Shift workers questionnaire, also known as SOS. Subjects were divided into case and control groups. The case group included 155 workers employed in shift work schedule and the control group included 104 workers employed in regular day shifts. SOS questionnaire includes questions about demographic features of workers, shift system, health effects of shift work, and the effect of shift work on worker's life satisfaction.
The results of the comparison between the shift workers and day time workers showed that the effects of shift work on sleep disorder (p– value = 0.001), tiredness related to shift work (p– value = 0.001), and worker's personal (p– value = 0.003) and family (P– value = 0.005) life satisfaction were significant. The result of chi-square test indicated that workers in the shift work system spent fewer hours with their families (p– value = 0.05) compared with day workers.
Shift work is a risk factor for a number of health effects in shift workers. Worker's personal and family life satisfaction has been affected by shift work.

The incidence of occupational stress in midwives may lead to increase in the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) and decreased work efficiency and quality of care. This study was conducted in order to determine the rate of MSDs in different body parts and its relation with stress in midwives.
This was a cross-sectional (descriptive and analytical) study. The population under study was midwives working in governmental and private hospitals in Nayshabur in 2015. All eligible midwives (78 women) entered the study. The standard Nordic Questionnaire and the Altmaier occupational stress questionnaire were used. Data was analyzed by descriptive statistics, correlation, t-test and chi-square. SPSS 20 was used for analysis.
In this population, 67.6% had at least one musculoskeletal disorder. The highest prevalence in the last year was in the shoulder region with 44% and the lowest prevalence was in the elbow (8%). Also 54% of the midwives had average and 46% had severe occupational stress. There was a significant association between MSDs in some body parts and midwives occupational stress. (P Results show that both MSDs and occupational stress are prevalent among midwives and they are associated with each other.

Workplace violence has become an issue of increasing concern. Residents are often the first physician that patients will meet them.
We conducted this study to evaluate workplace violence against medical residents in Iran.
In a cross sectional questionnaire based study we asked 1107 medical residents about violence exposure during past 12 months.
892 of residents participated in our study (response rate = 80.6%). Prevalence of experience of psychological and physical violence at work was 63.7% and 19.7% respectively. Sex, residency program, managerial support and year of education had independent effect on violence at work.
Our results showed high frequency of violence at work against Iranian medical residents and indicate importance of development and implementation of workplace violence prevention guideline in medical specialty training setting in Iran.

Working in hot environments is one of the common hazards in the workplaces, which can cause heat-related illnesses, affect workers’ health and increase a risk of occupational injuries and accidents. Several indices have been introduced to evaluate the heat stress that each one has own limitations. The aim of this study was to assess and compare thermal indices of humidex, DI and ET with physiological indices in the open-pit mines in Tehran province, Iran.
This cross-sectional study was conducted in summer 2016 on 175 male workers in 12 construction materials mines in Tehran province, Iran. Environmental and physiological parameters were measured simultaneously at three periods and thermal indices were determined as well. In this study, correlation coefficients of indices at different times of day were analyzed. Data were analyzed using SPSS 18 software and Pearson correlation coefficient.
The findings showed that all three indices used in this study had an appropriate relationship with core body temperature. The physiological indices of oral temperature showed a greater correlation coefficient with thermal indices compared to the tympanic membrane temperature and skin temperature. Humidex had a high correlation coefficient with environmental parameters and physiological responses. On the other hand, among the thermal indices used in this study, Humidex had more correlationcoefficient with two other indices.
It can be concluded that humidex, among the studied indices, despite being simple, lack of need for sophisticated equipment to measure, low cost and easy interpretation can be used as substitute index in open-pit mining.

Bank employees, due to the nature of their work experience have high levels of job stress. One of the outcomes of stress is its impact on job performance. This study was conducted to investigate the relationship between the psychosocial stressors and job performance among bank employees in one of the banking centers of the state. All bank employees participated in this study. The general Nordic questionnaire ( and human resource productivity questionnaire were used for data collection. The correlation coefficient and regression models were used to examine the relationship between job stress and their scales as an independent variable and performance as a dependent variable. In order to further analyze, structural equation models were used. The results suggested that prevalence of stress among bank employees was in average level (46.6%). There was negative and significant relationship between stress in "task", "social and organizational" levels and job performance. Among the scales of social and organizational levels, the two scales of organizational culture and leadership revealed negative and significant relationships with job performance (p