نشریه طب کار
سال نهم شماره 1 (پیاپی 26، بهار 1396)

Uncontrolled health status of drivers, can lead to the death of healthy individuals who are living in their best periods of life in terms of performance and wellness and also it can impose huge financial costs on a country. The purpose of this study was to design an intelligent system using Multilayer perceptron (MLP) and radial basis function (RBF) neural networks in order to diagnose drivers’ health status
In this study, we applied the MLP and RBF networks with some changes in the number of middle layers, neurons, as well as learning algorithms such as Momentum (MOM), Conjugate Gradient (CG), and Levenberg Marquardt (LM) in order to diagnose the health status of the drivers.) Then, the best model was introduced according to the area under receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve, sensitivity, and precision criteria.
In this study, 20 variables were selected as inputs and two variables that include healthy and unhealthy status were determined as output parameters. MLP and RBF neural networks with LM algorithm have the best performance with 66.7% and 29% precision; 97.2% and 100% sensitivity; 91.1% and 86 % accuracy respectively. The area under ROC curve for the nervous system MLP and RBF estimated 91.02 for MLP and 88.1 for RBF.
According to this study, the MLP neural network model with the LM learning algorithm compared to the RBF neural network can have an important role in helping physicians in order to diagnose drivers’ health status. Furthermore, such a model can be used in centers of occupational medicine to enhance the accuracy and the speed of diagnosis and reduce costs.

Hairdressers in their occupation are exposed to different chemicals and sensitizers that may cause adverse skin effects such as hand eczema. The current investigation aimed to determin the self-reported hand eczema prevalence in a sample of hairdressers of Urmia city and its associated factors in 2015.
The study was a cross-sectional case control design in which 385 hairdressers and 385 women from general population were selected as case and control groups, respectively. One-year prevalence of hand eczema was detemined using Nordic Occupational Skin Questionnaire by the face to face interview. Data were analyzed by SPSS 16 version using descriptive and analytical statistics such as chi-squered, T-test, and logistic regression.
The mean and standard deviation for age and work experience of hairdressers were 33.16±7.2 and 8.72 ±7/5, respectively.One-year prevalence of hand eczema in hairdressers and control group were %27.8 (CI=23.32-32.28) and %13.2 (CI=9.02-15.58). The odds ratio (OR) for hand eczema in hairdressers (their control group as the reference) was 2.52 (CI=1.72-3.64). Base on the logistic regression analysis, smoking (OR=3.44 (1.73-6.85)), age less than 30 years (OR=1.76 (1.04-2.96)), and work experience less than 10 years (OR=3.14 (1.63-6.04)) increased the chance of having hand eczema in hairdressers.
According to this study, it could be concluded that hairdressers, compared to the general population, are at a higher risk of hand eczema. Therefore, occupational protective measures should be applied in this occupation to decline and control of hand eczema. It is proposed that young hairdressers would be more careful to prevent skin problems such as hand eczema.

driving is such a complex cognitive task that requires a high level of vigilance and response to an emergency. Anything that leads to cognitive performance degradation in the driver's mental processing, increases crash risks. Traffic noise as one of the most destructive elements of cognitive function was examined in this study.
In this study, the sample consisted of 80 patients (40 cases and 40 controls) who were students of Tehran University of medical sciences that were selected through systematic sampling and then the average sound pressure level recorded traffic noise was played for participants in the acoustics room. To Measure reaction time and error in time movement anticipation, the RT and ZBA softwares were used ,respectively.
The results revealed that reaction time increased significantly after exposure to traffic noise. The error time movement after exposure to traffic noise has not significant difference.
Conlusions: According to the results it can be concluded that mental activities such as speed and power of information processing are affected by traffic noise and in a confrontation with traffic noise show different changes.

The latest way to control the use of hearing protection devices is sound. The amount of time spent on the phone by workers is one of the most important parameters in hearing conservation programs. The aim of the study is to evaluate the effectiveness of training scenario in theoretical and practical ways to increase using the hearing protection devices for workers.
In this experimental study, according to the results of the initial stage of the questionnaire, in the experimental group (n= 50) for 5 sessions (practical theory), each shown for 30 to 45 minutes, and workers in the control group (n= 50) in this study have not received any training, and time spent on the phone before and 3 months after intervention in both groups were recorded and compared.
The results show that before intervention only 1 worker (2%) used the device for all time and after intervention 33 workers (66%), which reflect positive effect of training intervention on using the devices. All the conditions were the same for two groups the control group did not reflect significant changes due to lack of training program.
According to the findings, it can be said that the training scenario has been successful in increasing the use of hearing protection devices and also can be used in other health interventions.

Work-related musculoskeletal disorders are defined as subsequent work-related disorders that can cause problems such as limited mobility, fatigue, exhaustion, job loss or even change job. Considering the importance of Improvement of the women's health, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of eight weeks of corrective exercise on musculoskeletal disorders of female staff of the Isfahan municipality.
A total of 97 cases were evaluated using Nordic questionnaire. Among them, 30 cases with MSDs were chosen, and were divided randomly into two groups. The samples participated in particular corrective exercises (isometric exercises, flexibility and strength) for eight weeks. The control group in this period of time did not do any physical activity and specific exercise. The amount of musculoskeletal disorders of the neck, shoulder, back and knee were measured before and after eight weeks of training. Correlative t test and Wilcoxon test were used to analyze data (p Results showed that, most disorders were pertaining to neck (93. 3%), shoulder (73. 3%), low back (70%) and knee (60%). In the mentioned body parts, significant improvement was observed after eight weeks of corrective exercises (p the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders was relatively high in studied staff, and applied corrective measures reduced musculoskeletal disorders of them, hence the inclusion of corrective exercises in the daily routine program of staff and Improvement of the posture in work tasks are recommended.

Migraine is the most common type of chronic headache. Stress can trigger migraine and effect on the duration of migraine attacks. . One of the main reasons of job stress is inappropriate job design. The aim of the current study was to investigate the new cases of migraine regarding models of effort-reward imbalance and demand-control imbalance in job.
Two job designs namely effort-reward imbalance and demand-control imbalance models were applied to predict new-onset migraine. Samples were 3338 persons who worked in industrial companies in Iran. Four instruments were used (job stress, ERI questionnaire, demand control and Self-reported questionnaire for migraine) Age and the economic status were used as covariate variables. Binary logistic regression analysis and odd ratio were used for analyzing the data. Statistical analysis was performed in
M plus 4.2 Software.
The findings indicated that risk of increasing migraine was increased among those with high effort-reward imbalance (odd ratio 1/28 to the reference group) and those who have little control over their jobs (odd ratio 1.11 to the reference group) as well as people who are strongly committed to their work (odd ratio 1.17 to the reference group).
Migraine could be produced by inappropriate work design. Therefore, work redesign especially among the persons experienced the effort-reward imbalance may decline new onset migraine.

Investigations show that the scattering of accidents in individuals is not the same, and three quarters of all accident occur to one quarter of accident prone individuals. The aim of the study was to design and validate a questionnaire for screening out the accident prone individuals.
This study in 5 stages of item generation, content validity assessment, reliability, construct validity, and criterion validity was performed among 230 workers who had and who had not experienced accident in 19 industries of Isfahan, Iran. For data analysis SPSS and Amos 22 were used.
195 items were identified during item generation stage. In content validity evaluation stage 13 items were removed, 15 items were modified and 79 items were merged and convered to 14 items. Internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha) of the remained items was 0.86. The results of confirmed validation showed that comparative fit index was acceptable. (CFI=0.99, GFI=0.96, RMSEA=0.066, RMR= 0.022). T test showed that the mean scores of the workers who had accident were significantly higher than the workers who had not experienced accident (p The result of confirmed validation showed that there is a good agreement between the proposed model and the field data. Reliability and construct validity showed that the current questionnaire is suitable for screening out the accident prone individuals.

Survey the performance of equipment and devices in the industry and is subsequently environmental hazards identify is one of the requirements of environmental risk assessment in the rolling industry. This study, Identificated environmental hazards with the "What if?" Technique in the hot rolling process and risk assessment by William Fine.
After the grouping of equipment in the Hot-rolling hall kavir steel industry, the environmental risks are considered according to ISO 14001 approaches (such as emissions to air and water, energy consumption, depreciation of equipment and so on ), According to "What if?" Technique , during the field visit was identified. Then expert team carried out the initial risk assessment by William Fine method and proposed the Corrective revisions and Calculated RAC2. Data analysis was performed using SPSS version 19.
280 environmental risk of the proper and defective equipment's function was identified that the most number of risks associated with production machinery (2/29%) and mechanical equipment (2/24%). Most of the identified environmental risk (21%) related to the creation and distribution of waste and emissions into the air risk(5/18%) and risk of corrosion and depreciation of equipment was lowest percent (5/2%). Most of the risk related to the creation and distribution of waste (73%) and the lowest risk is corrosion and depreciation of equipment(1).
establishment of the comprehensive environmental management relying on equipment continuous monitoring in the rolling industry in format of the maintenance program in order to prevent the creation of technical defects affecting the environment an important role in the control of emissions to the environment will be affected by this industry.