نشریه پژوهش توانبخشی در پرستاری
پیاپی 1 (پاییز 1393)

Aging process causes malfunction of the nervous system and cognitive disturbances, including memory, learning, language skills and attention deficits. In the other hand, being in confined and restricted environments make these elderly persons deprived of their normal sensory stimulations that can cause many unwanted perceptual and cognitive consequences. Multi-sensory stimulation by arousing the reticular activating system has known positive effects on brain functions. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of Multi-Sensory stimulation on elderly people's memories living in Nursing homes in Ahvaz.
The present study designed as a randomized clinical trial. The study population consisted of 28 elderly residents in three nursing Homes in Ahwaz. These people who were matched for age and sex were randomly allocated to intervention and control groups which each group included 14 people. In control group, the first edition of the Wechsler clinical memory scale assessed the memories of elderly people at the beginning and end of the research without Stimulating multi-sensory and at the same time it was done in intervention group. Intervention group received three 25 minutes sessions a week, for four weeks multi sensory stimulation consisted of hand massages with almond oil, and broadcasting nature music and images.
The Results showed that the average efficiency scores of elderly people memories in control and intervention groups were 52±3/84 and 51/5±4/57 respectively before starting sensory stimulation. That it has no significant difference (p>0/05). After multisensory stimulation, the memory scores changed in to 64/5±12/5 and 52/28±3/27 respectively that significant difference was observed between these two groups (p Based on the study, we know that multi-sensory stimulation can increase the efficiency scores of memory of the elderly people in the Nursing homes.

Multiple sclerosis is one of the most common chronic diseases of central nervous system. Chronic nature of the disease, uncertain prognosis, lack of definitive cure and involving mostly young people will cause multiple psychological disorders in these patients that depression is the most prevalent one. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of hope therapy on depression in multiple sclerosis patients.
this study had one of the quasi- experimental designs called unequal control design. Twenty multiple sclerosis patients affiliated with MS Association of Isfahan were selected based on purposive, convenient sampling, willingness of subjects to participate in the study and consideration of inclusion and exclusion criteria. After random allocation of patients to intervention and control groups, the intervention group participated in eight 90 minutes sessions of group hope therapy. Before and after intervention, demographic and beck depression inventory questionnaires were used for data collection. Data were analyzed with descriptive statistics (mean, standard deviation, and frequency), inferential statistics (ANOVA test) with SPSS software.
After hope therapy intervention the severity of depression in intervention group in comparison to control group two groups showed a significant difference (p . (0001/.So that the mean depression score in the intervention group was 5/6 and in the control group was 12/43.
The present study showed hope therapy can decrease depression severity in multiple sclerosis patients. So, using of this therapeutic approach in multiple sclerosis patients and other patients with chronic conditions is recommended.

First encounter with a disability is in the family environment and the quality of interactions and adaptation processes of the family can determine their quality of life. this study was conducted with aim of assessing quality of life and its associated factors in primary caregivers of children with physical disabilities under supervision of Welfare organization iran-Ilam.
This descriptive-correlational study was done in 2012,a sample size determined as 145 primary family caregivers of children with physical disabilities based on census approach in the city of Ilam. Data collection tool was demographic information questionnaire and quality of life questionnaire of WHOQOL-BREEF. For data analysis, SPSS v.16 software and descriptive and inferential statistics were used.
The results showed that the overall quality of life scores of family caregivers (39.16) is low, and they experienced a poor quality of life status in all four domains of physical health, mental health, social relationship and environmental health.
research findings showed that these families are facing the challenges of care giving to their disabled children that has deteriorating effects on their health and quality of life. thus it is imperative that preventive and supportive programs and services be considered for these vulnerable families to improve their overall quality of life.

Blind people experience more problems about adaptive and diagnostic skills affected by society and environment encounters, and Studies in related to social and adaptive behaviors in blind children is limited in Iran and the results are conflicting. The aim of this study was comparing Emotional Quotient in blinds and low visions with normal sighted people in Shahroud city and tries to understand the impact of the disability on Emotional Quotient.
This is a comparative cross-sectional study. 109 individuals (32 blind and low vision persons consisting the population of blinds in Shahroud welfare organization and 77 male and female healthy individuals of families from other disable groups) with convenient sampling method were selected. We used a reliable (Cronbach's alpha equal to 0/93) standardized 90 items Bar-on Emotional Quotient questionnaire in this study. Large fonts version of questionnaires were used for low vision group. Pearson correlation coefficient, independent t-test and ANCOVA tests were conducted for statistical analysis of data using SPSS software version 16.
The mean and standard deviation of Emotional Quotient in blind, low vision and healthy persons was 331.5±45 and 326.5±42, respectively. Although emotional Quotient scores were different between the two groups, but independent t-test showed no significant differences (P> 0/05). Emotional Quotient scores in two dimensions, Flexibility (p=0.035) and self-actualization (p=0.049) were significantly higher in blinds and low vision group. Control for confounding variables such as age, gender, marital status and education level conducted using analysis of covariance and results were not significant (P>0.05).
Two dimensions of flexibility and self-actualization of emotional quotient scores in blinds and low visions in this study are significantly higher that could be due to long time experience living with disability and well adaptation with this condition and also is due to relatively high educational achievements in these subjects. It is recommended that emotional intelligence be utilized in this group for personal development purposes.

There is no doubt that regular exercise boosts one’s physical and mental health and this is of paramount importance for nurses due to their unique work conditions. The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of aerobic exercises on self- concept and self-esteem of nurses.
This study is a Quasi-experimental pre-test post-test design with experimental and control groups. The subjects included males (13exp, 7con) and female (10exp, 3con) nurses. convenience sampling method was used for selection of participants and demographic information questionnaire, Eysenck self-esteem questionnaire and self-concept questionnaire were used for data collection. The intervention consisted of 8 weeks aerobic exercise. The data were analyzed using SPSS ver.20 calculating inferential statistic tests of analysis of covariance, chi-square test, independent and paired T-tests.
The results showed that pre-test mean score of physical self-concept in experimental group was (295/74±52/74) and post-test mean score was (342/13±37/60). So there was significant difference (p0.05, pre-test =20/17±2/06 and post-test=21±2/41).and similarly the difference in control group pre-test (19±1/41) and post-test (19/60±1/52) was not significant.
Aerobic exercise program improved physical self-concept of nurses, while it's not effective on boosting their self-esteem.

Religious-Spiritual care cause Balance between physical, mind and spirituality in order to will gain a complete and comprehensive health. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of religious-spiritual care on anxiety among post surgery coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) patients.
This research is a semi-experimental study that was performed in Baghiyatollah hospital of Tehran, Iran on 2013. Sample consisted of 68 participants with coronary artery graft. Participants were selected purposfull and then randomly assigned to: interventional (34) and control group(34). Basic data was collected by Depression Anxiety Stress Scale(DASS-21). Interventional group was received religious-spiritual care based on sterategy of the religious-spiritual Bergin Richards (2005) for 45 to 60 minutes during the fifth session and control group received routine care. Mean anxiety score before and after the intervention was measured. Analysis of data was computerized adopting SPSS 20 package software.
Finding of this study indicated any significant difference between mean Anxiety (P= 0/098) score before intervention between interventional and control groups. While after the intervention, significant difference was observed between mean anxiety (p= 0/000) score the interventional and control groups. Anxiety in the interventional group was significantly reduced.
The results showed that applying religious-spiritual care, significantly decrease anxiety and depression in the interventional group. It suggested that nurses can use religious-spiritual care as a safe method in the coronary artery bypass graft surgery care.

Although last advancement in the treatment of coronary artery disease and cardiac care was remarkable in recent decades, but cardiac rehabilitation programs hasnt been significant development. The aim of this study was to determine and compare obstacles and facilitators of attending cardiac rehabilitation programs from viewpoints of patient's with coronary artery bypass graft surgery and East Azerbaijan cardiac rehabilitation specialists.
It was a descriptive analytical study, statistical population Included all cardiac rehabilitation experts (11persons) of east Azerbaijan and all patients with CABG (103) were selected from East Azerbaijan by census. Data were gathered by scholar made questionnaire that its validity and reliability was determined by Lavashe method and retest coefficient and Cronbach alpha. Collected data was analyzed by KS-test, Spearman rank correlation and Mann–Whitneyin SPSS/19.
The most important obstacles of cardiac rehabilitation from expert's viewpoint were lack of knowledge about program, no referral by doctor and rehabilitation costs and the most important facilitators were physician referrals, follow-up, discounting costs, holding courses in different shifts and launching rehabilitation centers in different towns.The most important obstacles from patient's viewpoint were no patient reference by doctor, lack of knowledge of cardiac rehabilitation programs and not following and contacting patient by treatment staff and the most important facilitators were physician's advice to attend course, informing about programs and launching cardiac rehabilitation centers in towns.
According to the results of research, cardiac rehabilitation's obstacles such as, lack of Patient's knowledge, non-referral by physicians, failure to follow the staff rehabilitation and rehabilitation costs were considered.

Increase in road traffic accidents has led to increase in various degrees of injuries and disabilities with various physical limitations and disabilities. Fortunately, increasingly advances in sophisticated medical, nursing and rehabilitation sciences has led to most people with physical disabilities, would have be enable to return to the society. In order to return to the community the needs of people with disabilities should be well known as well as their presence in the community to be provided. The purpose o f this study was to understand the rehabilitation needs of patients with physical disabilities from road traffic accidents to return to the community.
A qualitative approach using conventional content analysis was adopted. 12 participants of both genders and age ranged between 18-45 years old with at least 3months physical disability in upper and lower limbs or spinal cord injury of two specialized hospitals and clinics affiliated to Tehran and Iran Universities of Medical Sciences were selected through purposive sampling. Data collected through in-depth semi-structured interviews and continued until data saturation. Data analysis was done continuously and simultaneously with data collection. Also constant comparison method with conventional content analysis approach was used.
Findings: Three themes emerged from the data analysis, including: (a) the need to be under the umbrella of support, (b) the need for continuity of care and (c) achieving independence. In fact, the needs of the clients were getting support from others, including family and community, continuity of care throughout their disability and the need for independence.
The needs identified in this study should be included in the designing of client care plans. Therefore, to achieve the independence of the physically disabled due to traffic accidents, providing sufficient support as well as the availability and continuity of care is suggested. Also a multi-dimensional rehabilitation model with the family and community-based rehabilitation approach should be used to provide the necessary cover to these three categories.