فصلنامه مدیریت پرستاری
سال پنجم شماره 1 (پیاپی 17، بهار 1395)

Today, the world is experiencing a great cultural and political changes and this issue puts the organizations and related professions in unexpected risks. Undoubtedly create or strengthen the leadership skills in personnel to meet the future professional needs and as one of the development and professional excellence factors in complex organizations such as health care system. But create or strengthen the leadership skills in personnel need to understand the various aspects and factors affecting it.
Aim: This study designed with content analysis approach to explain the main component of leadership skills in the nursing profession.
This study designed with qualitative approach and performed with inductive content analysis method. Participants in the study were successful nurses who were selected by purposive sampling and face to face semi-structured interview. In this study nineteen interviews were conducted and were analyzed after transcription. The semantic similarity was revised and subcategories were identified and then the related subcategories were put in a categories in review revised.
Data analysis eventually led to the extraction of 400 primary codes, 19 subcategories, 4 categories and one theme. In this study the main categories include: self-direction, capacity building for others to patterning, effective management of duties and professional responsibilities and professional socialization efforts.
In order to results designing proper policies and strategies to create and strengthen of these skills in nurses should be considered. In this way improve the quality of nursing services will be provided.

Procrastination as one of the biggest obstacles to human resource efficiency has an important role in reducing performance, productivity and health of employees and organizations. Any kind of procrastination can cause irreversible complications for patients in hospitals.
Ami: This study aimed to determine the prevalence of procrastination and relationship between demographic and job characteristics in Nursing and Midwifery staff.
This Cross-sectional study was conducted in 2013 in Isfahan social security hospitals. The study sample included nursing and midwifery staff (n=290) were selected through stratified randomized sampling. Data were collected by demographic questionnaire and organizational procrastination scale. Procrastination scale is a self report questionnaire includes 25 items and three subscales of inefficiency, mental anxiety and aversion of duty. The reliability (α=0.892) approved in past studies. Data was analyzed with correlation coefficient, ANOVA and independent T test in 0.05 significant levels with using spss21 software.
The mean score of procrastination was 52/46 ± 12/99. More 70 percent of the staff had low procrastination, and 1.5 percent had a high procrastination. Mean score of procrastination scale had significant relationship with hospital service (P=0.039). Subscale scores of inefficiency were significantly higher in males nursing staff. Procrastination in emergency and surgical wards staff, midwives, official employees and married employees was higher but the occupational and personal factors didn’t associated with the procrastination significantly (P>0.05).
Due to the sensitivity of the nursing and midwifery staff tasks, identifying, training and managing the staff with medium and high procrastination is recommended.

Nurses’ empathy with patients as a ethical behavior to respect the patients’ dignity, always has been considered by hospital managers and policy makers in the health systems. In this regard, it is important to identify the anttecedence that we can increase these behaviors among the nurses by them.
Aim: Current study aimes to test a model that explain the effective factores on nurses’ empathetic behavior with patients.
Using the convenience sampling method, a sample of 143 nurses in a public hospital were selected and the data were gathered. Data were gathered by the POS questionaire, nurses’ job engagement measure and Responsibility measure. Also, the measure of nurses’ empathetic behavior was designed by researcher. Finally, using the SPSS software, data were analysed, and the structural equation modeling with partial least squares approach (Smart PLS Software) was used to analyse the relationships among the variables.
According to the faindings, both affective and instrumental dimention of percived social supports, have positive effects on nurses’ job engagment (respectively β: 0.27, T: 2.41 and β: 0.34, T: 3.13). Moreover, nurses’ job engagement and their ethical responsibility positively have 0.28 and 0.45 effect on their empathy with patients; respectively with T: 3.50 and T: 5.37.
it was concluded that althogh providing social support for nurces, as a managerial factor, positively can be reflected in their empathetic behavior with patients, nurses’ ethical responsibility, as an individual factor, is more important.

Considering the importance of empowering nurses, and in line with increasing organizational learning and forming organizational trust, it is of utmost importance to deal with this issue since human resources as the central part of an organization can play a significant role in reaching the organizational goals.
Aim: The aim of the present study is to investigate the relationship between psychological empowerment and organizational trust, with emphasis on the mediating role of organizational learning.
The current study is descriptive and correlational and it uses structural equation modeling. The study was conducted in 1394. The population consisted all the nurses working in the educational hospitals in the city of Hamedan. The sampling procedure was stratified random sampling. Using the formula proposed by Krejcie and Morgan, 260 participants took part in the study as the sample. In order to collect data, a standard psychological empowerment questionnaire, an organizational learning questionnaire and an organizational trust questionnaire were used. In the pilot study comprising 30 participants, using Cronbach alpha coefficient the reliability of the questionnaires were found to be 0.87, 0.94 and 0.89, respectively. Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficient and structural equation modeling, and the software SPSS and LISREL.
The results showed that there is a significant positive relationship (p Utilizing plans for empowering the employees and providing suitable conditions for developing and increasing organizational learning, hospital administrators can pave the way for forming and strengthening organizational trust among nurses.

Clinical risk management concerne with improving the quality and safety of healthcare services. Risk management assessment in the hospital is the infrastructure of planning in the field of crisis management and is one of fundamental issues in medicine.
In this descriptive study the data were gathered by a researcher- made questionnaire using five- point Likert scale, on the clinical governance team of Tehran’s state hospitals. Confirmatory factor analysis using Smart PLS3 software was applied to assess the validity of the results and data was analyzed uding SPSS19 software and one-sample T-test.
In this study, consideration of clinical risk management in public hospitals of Tehran, was evaluated higher than average. Among the clinical risk management indicators, three indicators (attention to risk management in decision making), (prioritizing risk management action plans), and (the use of risk management experiences), respectively, with an average of 3.89, 3.6 & 3.81, were evaluated average, and other indices were evaluated higher than average.
Hospital managers’ regard to the position of risk management is essential for developing the quality of treatment and creating a safe environment for the staff and patients. Decisions with regard to risk management, adherence to safty protocols and support staff to participate in the identification and assessment of risks in hospitals should be pursued seriously.

Nowadays, job burnout phenomenon has become a common issue in nursing job. Mismanagement of job conflict could be a significant factor in worsening job burnout in nurses. Thus, the nurses who are not capable of adopting a proper style confronting job conflicts would be more subject to job burnout. Therefore, the present study has investigated the effect of job conflict styles on job burnout of Qaem Hospital of Mashhad.
Methods and materials: the current study is a descriptive-correlational one. The population of this study includes all nurses working in Qaem Hospital of Mashhad. However, the sample size is stratified random selection with 260 nurses. The data collection procedure utilized in this study is Thomas’s (1975) conflict management and Maslach’s (1981) job burnout questionnaire. The content validity and reliability of the questionnaires is tested through Cronbach's alpha measurement tools.
Findings and According to the research findings, the measurements for styles of cooperative conflict management and compromise are respectively -0.31 and -0.25 which reports a negative significant effect on job burnout and they show a positive significant effect on avoidance and competition styles respectively with 0.18 and 0.16. This study also revealed that the existence of accommodating management style has had no effect on the population size of the study.
it is concluded that conflict management styles of cooperation and compromise have a more effective effect on decreasing nurse’s job burnout working in Qaem Hospital of Mashhad. Thus, given the nurses use such styles in their daily job conflicts, they would have less job burnout in their workplace.

Throughout the world, patient safety, which is preventing any accidental injury to the patient during providing the care, is one of the main concerns of all the health system professionals. The behavior and decisions of the health system staff, including those involved in managerial and clinical can highly influence patient safety.
Aim : The purpose of this study was to prioritize the factors affecting patient safety, based on the perceptions of secondary care personnel.
In this descriptive - analytical study, total 215 nurses, physician and managers of 22 Bahman and 15 Khordad hospitals affiliated by Gonabad University of Medical Sciences were selected through census sampling. Prioritization of the factors affecting patient safety was done by using a questionnaire based on Vincent and the hierarchical analysis. (α= 0.76). The data were analyzed using SPSS Software and Expert Choice 11.
58% of samples were female and 81% of the subjects were nurse, 12% were physician and the rest were administrative staff. The participants prioritized the factors influencing patient safety according to significant coefficient as task (0.399), team (0.220), individual (0.210) management & hospital (0.076), patient (0.059), environmental (0.035) personal characteristics, but there was a significant difference regarding the task, team, managerial and/or hospital, and environmental factors among the nurses, physicians, and managers (p˂0.001).
In general, the results of this study suggest that the personnel of health care system, including medical and administrative staff, link major factors affecting patient safety to obvious and close factors and also know that hidden factors are less involved. So in order to improve patient safety we need greater attention to the hidden factors.