فصلنامه آرشیو توانبخشی
سال سوم شماره 4 (پیاپی 8، زمستان 1381)

Study of the children psychomotor development, is and interdisciplinary interest among medical and rehabilitation specialist. The psychomotor development is mostly dependent on normal ontogenetically evolution of the brain, thus it is reasonable that any defects in this complicated process would be able to cause irreversible cognitive, sensory and motor dysfunction. In addition to mental deficiency in Mental Retarded (MR) children, some other notable defects in motor abilities including gross and fine movement and equilibrium also exist in these children. Hemispheric dominancy or lateralization is an important stage in normal brain development which thought to be affected in MR children, and thus affects the outcome of rehabilitation treatment for these children. The present research work is designed to study functional cerebral lateralization between mentally retarded children having mental age of 5 to 6 years old and normal ones of the same age. By using the Neurological Developmental Questionnaire of Delacatom the functional lateralization parameters including footedness, handedness, and eye and ear preference were considered in this study. Statistical analysis of the results showed significant differences in above mentioned parameters among MR and normal children of the same age. On the bases of these results, we believe that different pattern of lateralization in MR children could affect the rehabilitation management and should be noted in therapeutic plan.

One of the most common and complete ways to communication between humans is “Speech”. Speech has lots of complicates in both acquisition and performing steps. Therefore it is at risk of many disorders. One of these disorders is stuttering. Stuttering is a syndrome in that there are interruptions in fluency of speech like repetition, block, prolongation, pause, etc. Many factors affect on stuttering. One of these factors which are mentioned in many references, are allergies. About 15% of communities suffer from allergy. In this study, the main goal is to investigation of the relationship between stuttering and various kinds of allergies, including asthma, rhinitis, and dermatitis. Materials and In this study 33 stutterer cases referred to speech therapy clinics as the “case group” and 57 non-stutterer individuals as matched control group have selected. The checklist for investigation the allergy was applied by both case and control groups and was analyzed. In the case group 9 out of 33 stutterers, had asthma (27.3%) and in the control group 6 out of 57 non-stutterers were involved by asthma (10.5%) and in case group 6 out of 33 stutterers had rhinitis (18.2%) and in control group 6 persons had rhinitis (L O. 5%) and 1 out of 33 stutterer in case group had dermatitis (3%) and 4 persons in control group had it (7%). Results of this research showed there is a significant relationship between stuttering and asthma but there is no significant relationship between the other two kinds of allergies-rhinitis and dermatitis and stuttering.

The objective of this study is to obtain the prevalence of speech and language disorders among elementary girls students in 3 and 19 educational regions in Tehran. The population of this study is composed of two regions 3 and 19. Among of them 1010 students selected randomized. (Average 200 students from each -grade). Then completed questionnaire by examiners and then the speech of students was assessed. If there was any disorder, the result was registered in formal sheet, assessment tools was the last year Farsi book and a series of action pictures. Also oral cavity of the all samples with a view of movement, anatomy, and occlusion were assessed. The findings of this research indicate that, from 1010 students, 163 (16.1%) students had one of the disorders including: Articulation disorders, stuttering, dysphonia, tongue thrust, resonance disorders, and dyslexia. In region 19.75 students (46%) and in region 3.88 students (54%) had one of the mentioned disorders.

The main purpose of this study is to assign the effect and role of metacognition strategies trainings in problem-solving function. In other word, a comparison among-different educational methods in these skills and assigning the most effective strategy for training metacognition skills. For this reason, through a multi-stages clustral sampling, 62 senior guidance school students were selected as sample group in Tehran. Then, all the subjects completed children attribution styles Questionnaire (Peterson & Seligman, 1984) and metacognition knowledge Questionnaire (Flavell, 1985) as pre-test. Also, each subject was exposed to hanging situation individually. Then, the sample group was divided to three experimental groups include: Compound training, reciprocal/raining and attributional training, and a control group. After training, all four groups accomplished questionnaires as post-test. The data gathered from pre-test and post-test were analyzed through nonparametric procedures. We concluded that metacognition strategies training has too effects on problem-solving functions in students.

Thoracic outlet syndrome is a complex disorder caused by neurovascular irritation in the region of the thoracic outlet. The syndrome have been said to be mainly due to anomalous structures in the thoracic outlet, treatment for thoracic outlet syndrome varies among different institutions, and there has not been any standard program. In general conservative and surgical treatment can be do if necessary. The rehabilitation program consists of exercise and physiotherapy and brace designed to hold the posture in which thoracic outlet is enlarged. Exercise program was designed simple enough to be performed in the daily living or during work after minimal training and isometric exercises of Serratus anterior, Levator Scapulae and Erector Spinae muscles to be performed in one posture: flexion and elevation of scapular girdle and correction position of upper-thoracic spine. During 7 years, 131 cases of (T.O.S.) were evaluated that 26 cases (20%) have operated and 84 cases (64%) have treated with conservative treatment and 21 cases (16%) have been candidate for surgery but they didnt accepted. All of the cases have treated with conservative treatment for four months. 84 cases responded well and no further treatment was needed. 47 cases were not satisfied with. The outcome of their treatment, that 26 cases have operated and 21 cases have not accepted the operation and continued the conservative treatment, they have had pain and slightly disability. 23 cases of operated group responded well and they have resumed to work, one case has had neuropraxia for about one year. Most cases of thoracic outlet syndrome (T.O.S.) can be treated conservatively. Surgically treatment is indicated only in cases severe enough to make them disable to work. It is better all the patients undergo conservative treatment for at least four months then will decided for surgical treatment.

Considering daily fasting in the holy month of Ramadan, there are some speculations and gossips, which make people believe negative effects of fasting on refractive errors exist actually. This investigation was carried out on 180 eyes (90 patients) in two age groups: 12 to 19 year old and 20 to 30 year old individuals, which all have some degree of myopia and were selected randomly due to their attendance in a general ophthalmology clinic. The examinations were performed in 2 stages. Firstly, 3 days prior to Ramadan up to the eve of it and secondly, from the next day of Eid ul-Fitr lasting to 3 days later. Using same examiner, examination set and E. Chart in this study, not a specific outcome was drawn of statistical results in these two groups and one can say the fasting has not obvious consequences on myopia in practice.

Auditory integration training (AIT) is a hearing enhancement training process for sensory input anomalies found in individuals with autism, attention deficit hyperactive disorder, dyslexia, hyperactivity, learning disability, language impairments, pervasive developmental disorder, central auditory processing disorder, attention deficit disorder, depression, and hyper acute hearing. AIT, recently introduced in the United States, and has received much notice of late following the release of the sound of a miracle, by Annabel Stehli. In her book, Mrs. Stehli describes before and after auditory integration training experiences with her daughter, who was diagnosed at age four as having autism.

Patient is a 24 year. old male with valvular heart disease, severe mitral & aortic & tricuspid valve stenosis and regurgitation. After MVR & AVR & tricuspid surgical repair, he has undergone cardiac rehabilitation for 8 weeks (24 sittings). After completion of a cardiac rehabilitation, review of cardiovascular tests showed obvious improvement in the functional capacity, blood pressure and heart rate. Physically and mentally patient feels very comfortable and hopeful of a good healthy life.