فصلنامه سراج منیر
پیاپی 23 (تابستان 1395)

The holy prayer of Makarem Al-Akhlaq, the twentieth prayer of the book Sahifeh Sajjadiyeh, the memorial of Imam Sajjad, is the most ancient and authentic prayer of shias. Deficiencies which are in the evidence of this prayer have raised some questions about the accuracy of its assignment to Sayyed Al-Sajedin(AS); there are, however, various ways in reply to the doubts. In this research, after putting Makarem Al- Akhlaqnext next to Holy Quran, we tried to examine all types of intertextual relations between these two valuable books, by drawing on a descriptive-analytic approach, and to distinguish the amount and range of this influence. In so doing, we tried to take this way as an indication for accuracy of assignment of this sacred prayer. To this end, this question put forward “how is the role of Quran’s verses as an absent text in Makarem Al- Akhlaq prayer as a present text and how is the type of the most frequent type of the intertextual relation between these two texts”. To this end, first the nature of the intertextual relations and different types of them were examined as the theoretical state of the research and then various types of Quranic Intertextual relations were examined including structural Intertextual (accommodating and unaccommodating) and lexical and thematic (conceptual) in Makarem Al-Akhlaq. The results indicate that in this prayer the structural intertextual relations have received the most impression of Quran, and the most frequent type of the Intertextual relations is parallel negation state.

Citing the Holy Quran has a long history. From the beginning of the revelation of Quran, the prophet (Pbuh), Hazrat Fatimah (SA) and also all Imams cited and referred to Quran in their speeches. Later, the poets and authors employed a Quranic rhetorical style and used Quranic thoughts and expressions in their works. Since after the prophet (Pbuh), the Holy Quran was interpreted and explicated by the Imams and Hazrat Zahra (SA) whose speeches are full of citing Quran and Quranic expressions. Therefore, it is necessary to study the typology of Hazrat Zahra (SA) and Imam's speeches concerning the Quranic citations. In this regard, Fadakieh Sermon which is one of the most eloquent hadiths of Hazrat Zahra (SA) and concerns the usurpation of Fadak is full of Quran verses and allusions. The present study aims to find out in detail the answer to the question: "what was the typology of Quranic citations of Hazrat Zahra (SA) in Fadakieh Sermon?"

Environment has attracted so much attention recently. Misuse and increasing rate of environmental damaging activities have raised serious concern on current and future life of man. Thus it is necessary to scrutinize environmental issues from Islamic Jurisprudence point of view. Referring to the Quran, Hadiths, and logic, we can infer that all human beings have the right to enjoy a healthy environment. It is argued that religious resources make all human beings take care of the environment. Therefore, believers are obliged to respect others’ right in use of the environment and possession, and damaging the environment is religiously prohibited. Since encroaching on people’s right to enjoy a healthy environment is an instance of oppression, this issue is referred as intergenerational justice in the use of the environment.

The term "El-yasin" is part of a Quranic verse that it is used only once in verse 130 of Al-Safat Sureh. Due to the Special conditions of this verse, the verse has received many presentations and confrontations of the different interpretive ideas. According to the interpretive narrations of the verse and considering that one of the names of the Prophet is "Yasin", along with proving the virtues of the Ahl al-Bayt (AS), Some Shia commentators believe that the correct reading of the verse is "Salam Ala Ale-Yasyn". Moreover, they believe that the meaning of these words is the Prophet (Pbuh). Naturally, according to this assumption, the greetings in the verse are devoted to the Prophet, but another group of Shia commentators and most Sunni commentators have considered the term as a form of the word Elias based on some pieces of evidence such as the famous reading, the structural form of the word, and Siagh (Register) and Sebagh (Tabdor). Accordingly,they believe that its main purpose is Prophet Elias. Since the main reason for the proponents of the reading accuracy of Ale-Yasin in the meaning of Ahlul Bayt (A) is interpretive narratives of the verse which have not been investigated completely, in this study we have reviewed the expository narrative of the verse and some interpretive views of proponents, using some Quranic and literal pieces of evidence and interpretive views to define and pinpoint the original concept and meaning of the phrase "Al-Yasin". Finally, we have come to the conclusion that the interpretive narratives are weak and unreliable and the accurate reading of the verse is El-Yasin, referring to Prophet Elias. It goes without saying that although the meaning of the verse is peace be upon Elias, no harm can be done to the virtue of Ahl al-Bayt (AS). Importantly enough, the fact that Ahl al-Bayt (AS) are "Ale-Yasin", being Prophet Mohammad’s Ahl al-Bayt and having a high position in the sight of God, can easily be proved by some other verses from the Quran and hadiths.

The book of “Quranic Hermeneutics, Al-Tbrisī and the craft of commentary” written by Bruce Fudge is one of the most important works of orientalists about Majma Al-bayan‘s Tafsir. An Examination of the book indicates that in spite of Fudge‘s innovation and effort in some parts of the book, there are some important problems and faults in it. In this article, after introducing Fudge and his works, we have provided a report on the content of the book. Furthermore, his ideas are evaluated both in terms of content of the book and the references. Given some parts of the book, we believe that Tabarsi has interpreted the Quran verses in accordance with his own ideas and beliefs, and this has been A deciding factor in Majma Al-bayan‘s Tafsir. Moreover, we hold that Majma Al-bayan is simply a copy of Al-Tūsī‘s al-Tibyān with some minor changes of the words. Finally, in this study, the aforementioned claims have been examined.

Semantics, as a branch of linguistic, is a knowledge that analyzes the meaning of the words and sentences of a text. With this knowledge, we can recognize the exact positions of the words and their compound forms through a semantic system. The word "jihad", a very important word in the Quran, is considered from this perspective. This word is one of the complex concepts that has long been the focus of attention in Islamic schools, and its frequent appearance throughout the Quran indicatives its importance. The present study seeks to answer these two questions: What are the collocations and replacements for the word Jihad? And what are semantic factors of this word? Thus after considering about forty-one verses of the Holy Quran and pragmatic analyses of jihad, we found that the term jihad has the connotation of soft wars and power which is quite the opposite of the general view towards it, considering it as a war with weapons. Accordingly, it often means power and war-like software. That is to say, it focuses on promising, advising, and preaching. Therefore, by this way, we can dispel the unfair propagations, especially in the present time that the enemies of Islam try to propagate so called Islam with power and swords.

Hope is a crucial factor in human life and is an integral part of it. Its lack makes people hopeless and depressed, and consequently their normal lives stop. Without it, people will not try to survive and meet the needs of their lives. Divine Religions emphasize the importance and role of this human psychological characteristic and consider the despair of the mercy of God as a great sin. This study has focused on the meaning and place of the hope in the holy books of Judaism and Islam .There are several verses in the Quran that they revive the hope in the hearts of the faithful through God’s mercy and compassion. There are also verses that denounce despair and give hope to the faithful. In the Psalms, hope is also strongly emphasized as a vital factor in human beings. In the Psalms, there are several situations that when the tribe got disappointed, the prophets began to give hope to the people so that the people could get back to their normal lives. Moreover, this emphasis on hope is quite clear throughout the psalms.