Iranian Journal of Practice in Clinical Psychology
Volume:5 Issue: 2, Spring 2017

Youth smoking has long been a major concern at individual, familial, and national levels. The purpose of the current study was to investigate the role of parent-child relationship in the smoking behavior and smoking intensity among college students. We also aimed to investigate gender-specific variations in the association between mother-child and father-child relationships and smoking behavior and its intensity among female and male college students.
The sample consisted of college students (N=242: 142 smokers, 99 nonsmokers) who were selected using snowball sampling method among the students of Guilan University. Participants completed the parent-child relationship survey and Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence. Binary and multinomial logistic regressions were used for analyzing.
Results showed that mother-child relationship, but not father-child relationship, was the significant predictor of smoking status. Also, mother-child relationship could predict low to moderate levels of dependence on nicotine. Finally, among male students, mother-child relationship was the significant predictor of smoking. Neither mother-child nor father-child relationships were the significant predictors of smoking status among female students.
Further research is needed to clear our understanding of gender-specific correlates of smoking among youth.

In all societies, adolescents are the most vulnerable age group to addiction. Decision-making styles and attitude toward substances can play an important role in the tendency of adolescents to addiction. The aim of the current study was to investigate the role of decision-making styles and attitude toward substances in predicting the potential addiction among adolescents.
In this descriptive study, a total of 546 adolescents participated from different high schools in Lorestan Province, Iran that were selected through multiple cluster sampling method. The participants were asked to complete different questionnaires of demographic characteristics, decision-making styles, attitude toward substance, and potential addiction. The obtained data were analyzed through SPSS 16. The Pearson correlation coefficient and regression analysis were used for determining the relationships between the study variables.
The results of the study indicated that general attitude; beliefs; emotions; readiness for action; avoidant, spontaneous and dependent decision-making styles have significant positive correlations with potential addiction. While potential addiction is correlated negatively with rational and intuitive decision-making styles. Also, the results of regression analysis showed that potential addiction is predictable by the components of the decision-making styles and attitude toward substances. Multiple regression analysis indicated that components of the decision-making styles and attitude toward substances significantly predicted 25.1% and 20.7% of the variance of potential addiction, respectively.
The results of this study showed that decision-making styles and attitude toward substance can explain a high degree of variability to potential addiction among adolescents.Accordingly, teaching rational decision-making style and negative attitudes to substances may lead to improvements in the prevention and treatment of addiction in adolescents.

This cross-sectional study aimed to compare the retrieval of autobiographical memory and the problem solving of people with borderline personality disorder (BPD) and normal people.
The study population comprised all patients with BPD in Tehran. The study sample consisted of 15 patients with BPD, who referred to Hazrat-e-Rasool Hospital and 15 control group people, who were mostly hospital staff. All participants were asked to complete a demographic questionnaire, means-ends problem solving task, and autobiographical memory test. Data were analyzed by t test and Pearson correlation test.
Based on the results, patients with BPD provided less effective solutions (P More strategies should be provided to retrieve specific memories and provide effective problem solving for patients with BPD.

The present research aimed to assess the effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) on the hope of patients with breast cancer undergoing chemotherapy.
In this quasi-experimental study, 30 patients with breast cancer were selected by convenience sampling method and randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. The experimental group attended ACT sessions for 8 weeks continuously (each session lasting 45 minutes). Customers/clients in both the experimental and control groups completed Snyder hope scale as pretest and posttest. Analysis of covariance was used as the statistical method.
The findings suggest that ACT is an effective treatment for breast cancer treated patients (P The results showed that ACT is an effective method in rising hope in women with breast cancer. Thus, psychological interventions can be used to increase the hope of womenwith breast cancer.

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the relation of coping styles and attachment styles with social anxiety among high-school students.
The present study was correlational research. Study population comprised all male and female students of Kashan high schools. A total of 440 students (196 males and 244 females, aged from 17 to 18 years in the third or fourth grade of Kashan high schools (academic year 2015- 2016) were selected by cluster sampling method. Data were gathered using social phobia inventory, coping inventory for stressful situation, and adult attachment inventory. For analyzing the data, analysis of regression method were used.
There were significant correlations between the social anxiety problem-focused coping style (r=-0.16, P Results of this study support the role of coping styles and attachment styles in social anxiety and show that maladaptive coping strategies predispose people to social anxiety. Also,insecure-ambivalent attachment people are vulnerable to social anxiety.

This study aimed to investigate the effects of the personality traits and perfectionism in predicting core self-evaluations of women with trichotillomania and healthy women.
This was a cross-sectional study. A total of 50 women affected with trichotillomania (age-matched with 50 normal women) were selected by convenience sampling method from counseling centers of Tabriz City, Iran. The participants completed the NEO Five Factor Inventory, perfectionism, and core self-evaluation scales. Data were analyzed by the stepwise multiple regression using SPSS16.
The results indicated that the neuroticism and conscientiousness traits predict core self-evaluations in the normal women. Moreover, the neuroticism and openness to experience also predicted the core self-evaluation in those with trichotillomania, while the perfectionism could not predict core self-evaluation.
In this study, findings showed that personality traits contribute to predict core self-evaluations of women with trichotillomania and healthy women.

This study aimed to examine the moderating role of resilience in the relationship between early maladaptive schemas and anxiety and depression symptoms among firefighters.
The study participants (N=225) were selected from the firefighters of Mashhad City through randomized sampling method. The data were collected by means of Young early maladaptive schemas questionnaire (long form), Conner-Davidson resilience scale, and anxiety and depression subscales of depression anxiety stress scale. A stepwise moderated regression was conducted in SPSS 23 to analyze the data.
The regression analysis showed that resilience had a moderating role in the relationship between anxiety symptoms and impaired limits (P=0.009, t=-2.70, β=-1.31), other- directedness (P=0.001, t=-3.37, β=-1.65), and over vigilance and inhibition (P=0.002, t=-3.18, β=-1.36). Resilience had also a moderating role in the relationship between depression symptoms and disconnection and rejection (P=0.002, t=-3.14, β=-0.88), impaired limits (P=0.011, t=-2.60, β=-1.24), other-directedness (P=0.000, t=-4.12, β=-1.87) and over vigilance and inhibition (P=0.005, t=-2.89, β=-1.25).
The results of the study revealed that resilience could decrease anxiety and depression symptoms by moderating the relationship between maladaptive schemas and anxiety and depression symptoms.

Mini-mental state examination, a nonspecific measure of global cognitive function, and the clock drawing test, a very concise and specific measure of cognitive function, are among the most widely used screening tests for cognitive dysfunction. The present research aimed to examine the correspondence between MMSE and CDT scores.
A total of 70 older adults (mean(SD) age=69.70(6.41) y) were selected by convenience sampling method from two local health centers from the same civil servant area in Mashhad City, Iran. They completed MMSE and CDT tests. Mann–Whitney U test and Spearman correlation were used for analyzing the data.
Results showed a significant correlation between CDT and MMSE total score. Also the older adults’ performance on MMSE and CDT were significantly related to their level of education and gender, but not age.
The correlation between the MMSE and CDT test scores was high. Although one test cannot be replaced for the other, the CDT is a simple test that can be used for fast initial screening of cognitive performance among the elderly.