فصلنامه علوم زیستی ورزشی
پیاپی 32 (بهار 1396)

The aim of this study was to compare the effect of a single bout of progressive aerobic and high intensity interval exercise on leukocytes and blood platelets of male non-athletes. In this study, 11 young male non-athletes performed a single bout of progressive aerobic exercise and a single bout of high intensity interval exercise. Before, immediately and 2 hours after the exercise, leukocytes, neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes and platelets were counted. The collected data were analyzed using analysis of variance with repeated measures, LSD post hoc test and independent t test. Leukocytes increased immediately after both activities (P≤0.05). Neutrophils increased immediately after both types of activity (P≤0.05). The number of lymphocytes also increased immediately after both types of activity and with a reduction, they reached below the resting levels 2 hours after the exercise (P≤0.05). The monocytes and platelets increased immediately after both types of activities (P≤0.05). It seems that a single bout of progressive aerobic and high intensity interval exercise can significantly increase the levels of immune cells and blood circulation, and there is no significant difference in the stimulation of immune cells between these two types of exercise.

The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of 4 weeks training on alterations of serum BDNF and homocysteine and correlation between them in active men.In this semi- Experimental study, Fourteen healthy male students randomly divided into two groups: control and training.The training group performed 4 weeks of selected plyometric training in 2 or 3 sets with 6 or 12 repetitions. BDNF and homocysteine levels was measured before and after period of training. Independent t-test was used to examine differences between groups, and paired sample t-test was utilized to examine differences within groups, and finally Pearson's correlation coefficient was used to determine the relationship between variables. Differences were considered to be significant when p

The present study investigated the response of plasma levels of FABP5 to 8 weeks of aerobic exercise in women before and after menopause. 10 non-menopausal women (mean BMI ± SD, 27.8 ± 2.03 kg/m2) and 10 postmenopausal women (mean BMI ± SD, 28.6 ± 1.5 kg/m2) were assigned to two exercise groups. The program included 8 weeks of aerobic exercise, 3 sessions per week at 40-80% of maximal reserved heart rate. Each session lasted 25 minutes in the first week and it increased up to 45 minutes in the 8th week of exercise. Plasma levels of FABP5 and lipid profile were measured before and after the exercise period. The exercise significantly increased FABP5 in the postmenopausal group (P

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of short-term taurine amino acid supplementation on neuromuscular fatigue and lactate accumulation after high intensity interval exercise. In this quasi-experimental study, the population consisted of physical education students. 20 male active volunteers (mean age, 22.12±1.25 years, height 174.59±4.63 cm, weight 71.52± 8.97 kg, BMI 23.40±2.19 kg/m2 and body fat percentage 11.81±1.21) in supplementation or placebo groups who were randomly selected participated in 2 sessions of pretest and posttest of maximal interval exercise. Taurine supplementation and placebo (starch) capsules (1 gram) were consumed by experimental and control groups, 5 capsules daily for 2 weeks. After the supplementation period, posttest was immediately conducted. To determine the differences between variables, ANOVA with the between-group and independent t test were used. The results showed that short-term taurine amino acid supplementation decreased neuromuscular fatigue (P=0.002) and blood lactate accumulation (P=0.000) following maximal interval exercise. Therefore, it can be reported that this supplement can be used to improve athletic performance in sprint interval activities.

Normal liver function is of crucial importance for metabolism and might be affected by exercise training. Accordingly, the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of 8 weeks of resistance training with various intensities on liver function test results in obese males. According to the inclusion criteria of the study, 32 obese males were selected and randomly assigned to 4 groups (each group 8 subjects): control, resistance training with low intensity (30% 1-RM), resistance training with moderate intensity (50% 1-RM) and resistance training with high intensity (70% 1-RM). Three groups carried out the resistance training with different intensities 3 times a week. Blood samples were measured in the pretest, mid-test and posttest (after 12 hours of overnight fasting). The collected data were analyzed by variance analysis test with repeated measures. Body fat percent, ALT, GGT and AST significantly reduced in experimental groups compared with the control group (P

The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of oxidative stress status resulted from aerobic interval training in type 2 diabetic patients. 24 type 2 diabetic patients under medical treatment (mean age 50.29 ± 6.50 years and BMI 27.21 ± 0.67 kg/m2) were divided into training and control groups. The training program was conducted for 10 weeks, 3 sessions per week and 40 min. with 80% HRmax. Antioxidant indices [superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX)], oxidant index [malondialdehyde (MDA)] and nitrite/nitrate (NOx) were measured. Data were analyzed by two-way ANOVA. Results showed that aerobic interval training significantly increased NOx (P=0.004) and GPX (P=0.001) while it significantly decreased MDA (P=0.029). This training had no significant effect on SOD (P=0.063). In addition, interval training improved aerobic fitness capacity (P=0.005), but metabolic parameters showed no significant effects resulting from aerobic interval training. Aerobic interval training increased NO bioavailability through a decrease in oxidants and an increase in antioxidants. Also, intervals of exercise training improved the oxidation status and endothelial function through an increase in antioxidants and shear stress.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of aerobic exercise on fibroblast growth factor 21 and adiponectin in obese men. 20 obese men were selected and randomly divided into experimental group (age 29.40±3.34 years, height 1.80±0.053 m, weight 108.10±7.86 kg, body mass index 33.13±1.68 kg/m2) and control group (age 29.80±2.39 years, height 1.79±0.052 m, weight 106.80±8.16 kg, body mass index 33.13±1.93 kg/m2). The experimental group performed aerobic exercises with an intensity of 60-75% of target heart rate for 8 weeks. Blood samples were collected after 12 to 14 hours of fasting before and after 8 weeks. Data were analyzed with covariance analysis at P≤0.05. The results showed that 8 weeks of aerobic exercise significantly increased fibroblast growth factor 21 (P=0.011), adiponectin (P=0.000), performance of beta cell (P=0.008) and insulin (P=0.000) compared to the control group. Also, glucose levels had no significant changes after 8 weeks of aerobic exercise in the experimental group compared with the control group (P>0.05). Based on these findings, aerobic exercise may improve the performance of pancreatic beta cells in obese men through an increase in adiponectin and fibroblast growth factor 21 levels and also favorable changes in serum insulin.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of 8 weeks of aerobic exercise with an ergometer and nettle extract supplementation on plasma levels of nesfatin-1 and C-reactive protein in overweight and obese women. A total of 46 overweight and obese women (age range of 25-45 years, BMI>25 kg/m2) were purposively selected and randomly divided into 4 groups: exercise鷫涕 (n=12), exerciseꙖ鱹 (n=12), nettle (n=11), placebo (n=11). The nettle and placebo groups daily received 8 ml of nettle extraction and placebo solution respectively after their mail meal for 8 weeks. Aerobic exercises were conducted for 8 weeks, 3 sessions per week with an intensity of 60-75% of reserved heart rate. Blood samples were collected after 12 hours of fasting and also 48 hours after the exercises in experimental conditions. Nesfatin-1 plasma level significantly increased in exercise鷫涕, exerciseꙖ鱹 and nettle groups after 8 weeks of aerobic exercises and nettle supplementation (P

The aim of this study was to compare the effect of endurance exercise on the level of focus of attention and brain derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF) in non-athlete male and female students and to investigate the relationship between variations in these factors. 30 non-athlete students (mean age 24.1.6 years) were assigned to 4 groups: males, females, male control and female control based on the Stroop pretest. After blood samples were collected, they continued their endurance exercises for 5 weeks, 3 sessions per week, 40 min. each session with the intensity of 70-85% maximum heart rate based on the endurance exercise protocol. Results showed that endurance exercise significantly increased BDNF in both male and females) P0.05), but level of BDNF was significantly more in female group than the male group (P0.05). Finally, according to these findings, it seems that endurance exercise can increase BDNF level and improve focus, but there are possible differences between males and females that need further research.