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Jentashapir Journal of Cellular and Molecular Biology - Volume:8 Issue: 1, Feb 2017

Jentashapir Journal of Cellular and Molecular Biology
Volume:8 Issue: 1, Feb 2017

  • تاریخ انتشار: 1396/01/16
  • تعداد عناوین: 9
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  • Zahra Tolou-Ghamari Page 1
    Context: Cytochrome P450 (CYP3A) enzymes are basic for the metabolism of several medications such as tacrolimus, as immunosuppression with tacrolimus in men prevents allograft rejection and reverses steroid-resistant rejection in transplanted recipients.
    Evidence Acquisition: The aim of this study was to determine a proper guideline for tacrolimus (prograf) prescription after organ transplantation.
    Methods
    The key words relevant to topics of tarcolimus pharmacotherapy were searched. Consequently, articles related to efficacy and toxicity of tacrolimus in organ transplant recipients were selected and studied entirely.
    Results
    The results showed that tacrolimus dosage might vary with the indication for transplantation, time after grafting, and the genotype of CYP3A. Hepatic dysfunction may impair drug disposition as a result of decreased metabolic activity through parenchymal damage and compromised biliary excretion of parent drug and metabolites during cholestasis.
    Conclusions
    To avoid side effects, in prescribing tacrolimus such as acute rejection and toxicity, further investigation for more direct markers related to the differentiation between immunosuppressive activity due to parent drug and side effects due to metabolites within Iranian population of organ transplantation seems to be advantageous.
    Keywords: Tacrolimus, Pharmacotherapy, Toxicity, Liver, Transplantation
  • Forogh Riahi, Niloufar Khajeddin, Laila Izadi-Mazidi Page 2
    Background
    Marital satisfaction is a multidimensional concept and depends on many factors including general health. As educated males have an effective role in the productive activities, it is essential to present some appropriate perspectives in the field of their mental health and marital satisfaction.
    Objectives
    The current study aimed at investigating the association between mental health and marital satisfaction in married male students of Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
    Methods
    The study sample consisted of 100 married male students of Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences selected through the convenience sampling method. The data were gathered using the ENRICH marital satisfaction inventory and the general health questionnaire, and analyzed through Pearson correlation coefficient by SPSS version 16.
    Results
    In 25% of the subjects, scores of physical function was higher than the cutoff point.The anxiety, social function, depression, and general health scores of 30%, 45%, 19%, and 44% of the subjects were higher than the cutoff point, respectively. There was significant association between marital satisfaction of the students and physical symptoms (r = -0.51), anxiety (r = -0.49), social performance (r = -0.34), depression (r = -0.33), and total score of mental health (r = -0.53).
    Conclusions
    Prevention and intervention efforts can focus on how mental health problems can trigger interpersonal relationship and vice versa.
    Keywords: Marital Status, Mental Health, Male, Student
  • Gholamreza Rajabi, Mehravar Momeni Javid, Arash Jelodari Page 3
    Background
    A fundamental assumption for most romantic relationships is that of exclusivity, the belief that both partners are emotionally and sexually committed to each other solely.
    Objectives
    This study attempted to examine the predictors of marital commitment by need-fulfillment and self-expansion among married students.
    Methods
    A convenience-voluntary sample of 194 married-students took part in the study. They completed need-fulfillment measure, self-expansion questionnaire, and marital commitment inventory. The data were analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficient and regression analysis by SPSS-PC (v.21).
    Results
    Pearson correlation coefficients showed significant correlations between all the study variables. Multiple regression analysis revealed that need-fulfillment and self-expansion were predictors of marital commitment.
    Conclusions
    Loyalty to spouse and family values, and the actualization of one’s potential gifts will lead to marital commitment.
    Keywords: Need-Fulfillment, Self-Expansion, Marital Commitment, Married Students
  • Manoochehr Makvandi, Mojtaba Rasti, Mohammad Hosein Sarmast, Mehrdad Sadeghi Haj, Nasrin Rastegarvand, Dawood Khalafkhani, Rahil Nahid Samiei, Abdulnabi Shabani, Mohammad Karimi Babaahmadi, Shahram Jalilian, Kambiz Ahmadi Angali, Toran Shahani, Mehran Varnasari Page 4
    Background
    Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a major problem for healthcare workers worldwide, and among them, dentists are at risk of acquiring HBV infection. The prevalence of HBV infection has been reported among the dentists in different regions of the world. Since none of the available drugs can clear HBV infection, the presence of effective immunity against HBV infection is important to prevent HBV infection.
    Objectives
    This study aimed at determining HBs antibody and specific HBV gamma interferon among the dentists, who received hepatitis B vaccine.
    Methods
    The blood samples were collected from 40 dentists, including 7 endodontics, 2 oral and maxillofacial radiologist, 4 periodontics, 11 oral and maxillofacial surgeons, 6 implantologists, 3 orthodontics, 1 oral and maxillofacial pathologist, 2 esthetic and restorative dentists, and 4 doctors of dental surgery (DDS) at from dental college of Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran during December, 2013. Overall, 31 (77.5%) dentists had already received 3 doses of recombinant hepatitis B vaccine, and 9 (22.5%) had received only two doses of the vaccine. Their sera were tested for HBsAb and anti-HBc-IgG by the Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) test. The lymphocyte of individuals was separated from their blood sample by Ficoll-Hypaque, cells were washed with phosphate buffered saline (PBS) by centrifugation, and finally the pellet cells was resuspended in RPMI-1640 media. Separated cells were exposed to 2.5 µg of purified recombinant HBs antigen, and supernatants were collected after 72 hours and tested for detection of specific interferon γ level by ELISA test.
    Results
    Overall, 97.5% of dentists showed positive HBs antibody test results while 36 showed (90%) positive test results for specific interferon γ against hepatitis B virus infection.
    Conclusions
    High coverage of 97.5% immune response against hepatitis B infection was found, indicating high efficacy of recombinant HBV vaccine among the dentists.
    Keywords: Hepatitis B Virus_Hbsab_Interferon Gamma_Health Care Workers
  • Jasem Saki, Davod Amraee Page 5
    Background
    Parasitic infections are among the most important global health problems, especially in the developing countries. They are among the most common forms of infectious diseases in the world. According to the report of the world health organization (WHO), about 3.5 billion people worldwide are infected by a kind of parasite, and 450 million people each year become ill due to complications caused by parasites.
    Objectives
    Due to a lack of accurate statistics on the prevalence of the parasite in primary school children in rural areas of West of Ahvaz, Iran, the current study aimed at investigating the prevalence of intestinal parasites in the mentioned group.
    Methods
    The current descriptive epidemiologic analysis was conducted on 306 rural primary school students in the Western regions of Ahvaz County in 2015. Collected samples were transferred to the laboratory of parasitology in the school of medicine, and underwent a direct and sedimentary formalin-ether test.
    Results
    Out of the 306 students under study, 180 (58.8%) were male and 126 (41.2%) female. Of these students 88 (28.8%) were with 1 or more intestinal parasites, which Giardia lamblia, with the prevalence of 61 (19.9%) subjects had the highest rate, followed by Entamoeba dispar, Entamoeba histolytica, Blastocystis hominis, and Entamoeba coli with the prevalence of 12 (3.9%), 9 (2.9%), and 6 (1.9%), respectively, . Six (1.9%) students showed coinfection by the 2 parasites. There was a significant relationship between the prevalence of the parasite and the variables of age, the source of drinking water, and the method of washing vegetables and fruits, but no significant relationship was observed between the prevalence of the parasite, and parents’ level of education and children’s gender. There was no case of infection with the worms.
    Conclusions
    Similar to other recent studies, only protozoan infection was observed in the current study. Giardia lamblia had the highest infection rate. According to the pathogenesis properties of protozoan in the infected people, especially children, it is necessary to compile educational programs to control and prevent the aforementioned infections and other protozoan infections among the primary school students.
    Keywords: Intestinal Parasitic, Prevalence, Rural
  • Khadijeh Roushani, Soodabeh Bassak Nejad, Nasrin Arshadi, Mahnaz Mehrabizadeh Honarmand, Ahmad Fakhri Page 6
    Background
    Social anxiety is the most prevalent psychiatric disorder in the student population and is known to affect many aspects of one’s life. This disorder cannot be treated spontaneously without medical and educational interventions and may lead to more serious mental damages.
    Objectives
    The purpose of the current research was to study the effects of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) based on Hofmann’s model on anxiety sensitivity and positive and negative affects among undergraduate female students with social anxiety symptoms in Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences.
    Methods
    The statistical population consisted of all female BA students of Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences. This study was conducted on 32 female students with symptoms of social anxiety, who were selected through simple random sampling among BA students. The participants were assigned into two groups: experimental and control (16 students per group). The research instruments included the social phobia inventory (SPIN), anxiety sensitivity index-revised (ASI-R), and positive and negative affect schedule (PANAS). Before starting the intervention, a pretest (using ASI-R and PANAS) was performed in each group. Then, the experimental group was exposed to Hofmann-based CBT intervention for 8 weekly sessions (90 minutes), whereas the control group received no intervention. The two questionnaires were administered again at the post-test stage.
    Results
    The results of covariance analysis showed that Hofmann-based CBT could decrease anxiety sensitivity and negative affect, while it increased positive affect among the participants.
    Conclusions
    CBT based on Hoffman’s model is an effective treatment for reducing social anxiety; therefore, this method is recommended to psychologists and consultants.
    Keywords: Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Anxiety Sensitivity, Positive, Negative Affect, Social Anxiety
  • Nasim Beigi Boroujeni, Mohammad Reza Gholami Page 7
    Background
    Salvia officinalis is a phytoestrogen¡ which is used to reduce clinical signs of pregnancy and improve the female infertility in herbal medicine treatment. The effect of S. officinalis on ovarian angiogenesis at the preimplantation time is unknown.
    Objectives
    This research was a histomorphometric and quantitative real-time study on angiogenic activity in the ovarian tissue in mice after exposure to S. officinalis at preimplantaion.
    Methods
    The extract of S. officinalis leaves¡ which was analyzed by phytochemical methods¡ administered at a dose of 100 mg/kg daily for 14 days to female mice. Then¡ pseudopregnancy was induced and ovarian tissue samples were removed for histological and molecular assessment.
    Results
    Data analysis on the space-solid phase micro extraction/gas chromatography-mass spectrometry demonstrated α-thujone (33.90%)¡ camphor (19.34%)¡ cineole (11.01%) and ß-thujone (9.48%) were the dominating compounds in the leaves of S. officinalis. Data analysis on histomorphometric parameters showed a significant difference in the vascular parameters between the test and control groups. Furthermore¡ gene expression analysis implied an increased level of the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) (3.175) and was also associated with an increase in the level of Kinase insert domain protein receptor (KDR/Flk) gene expression (3.556) and FMS-like tyrosine kinase (Flt) gene expression (3.437) in the test group compared to the control group.
    Conclusions
    Increased ovarian angiogenesis after exposure to S. officinalis may induce vascular permeability and finally contribute to a variety of disorders including clinical signs similar to the ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome.
    Keywords: Salvia officinalis, Phytoestrogen, Ovary, Angiogenesis, Preimplantation, Pregnancy
  • Kosar Bereyhi, Shahla Pakdaman, Gholamali Afrooz Page 8
    Objectives
    This study aimed to design an educational application of parental-mediated intervention and its effectiveness to promote reading skills in students with Down syndrome.
    Methods
    This applied semi-experimental study is a pre-test- and post-test project¡ follow-up with the test and control groups which was conducted on twenty slow-paced students with Down syndrome in the range of 5 to 12 years old. Patients were randomly selected and classify into two groups; test and control. Wechsler IQ test¡ TOLD test and peabody picture vocabulary test (PPVT) were performed for students in the pre-test however; TOLD test was conducted as the post-test and a half month at 15-day after follow-up stage.
    Results
    results showed α > 0.001 for reading skills between test and control groups; however the difference is remained sustainable in follow-up stage.
    Conclusions
    Education with new educational technologies that focused on software may be helpful for children with Down syndrome and should be seriously considered. Family- centered parental-mediated intervention in order to promote reading skills application can be used for teaching children¡ families and educators.
    Keywords: Education, Children with Down syndrome, Reading Skills, Parental-Mediated Intervention
  • Zahra Ramezani, Ehsan Afsharian Page 9
    Background
    Data accuracy in analytical determination is of prime importance. Antibiotic levels are usually obtained in mixtures using chromatographic techniques. Thus, evaluation of data accuracy in mixtures seems necessary.
    Objectives
    The aim of this study was to show how the figure of merits for high performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) determination of sulfacetamide and sulfadiazine changes, while injecting their mixture compared to those injected individually.
    Methods
    Standard solutions of the mixture of 2 selected sulfonamides as well as each individual solution were injected on ODS2 C18 (250 × 4.6 mm, 5 µm) column. In each case, linear range, limit of detection, and recovery were evaluated.
    Results
    Three linear ranges with different sensitivity were observed for both antibiotics, while some that were injected simultaneously compared with those injected separately (just one linear range). The accuracy of the results was compared by both calibration curves (standards injected individually or simultaneously), and suitable calibration methods were introduced.
    Conclusions
    More precautions should be taken when determining antibiotics when they present as a mixture. Accordingly, a preliminary study is required to determine the accurate range when analyzing mixtures. 
    Keywords: Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid, Sulfonamide, Mixture Analysis, Sulfacetamide, Sulfadiazine