Journal of Research and Health
Volume:7 Issue: 4, Jul - Agu 2017

Child health is one of the main indicators of economic development so that four objectives of Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) are directly referred to children's health and nutritional status. Due to increase in mother's employment and parent education as well as children's malnutrition, the effects of parent's socioeconomic status on children's health were analyzed in this paper. statistics in health case of families from health centers of five areas in Tehran were gathered. Research model were estimated by Probit and Ordered Probit methods in STATA software. The mean for mother's education is 3.76 it is more than diploma and less than associate's degree. The average mother's age for normal, stunting, and severe stunting children is 32.25, 32.92, and 34.20, respectively. "Being twin" has a negative effect on the possibility of children's health it decreases this possibility as 89 percent. Also, if children do not have jaundice, the probability of their health will increase as much as 72 percent. The result shown that mother's employment has a negative effect on children's health i.e. mother's employment increases the possibility of stunting due to children's malnutrition. Also, increasing education of working mothers can lead to stunting in children. Family size, being twin, and jaundice have negative effect and father's education has positive effect on children's health.

The prevalence of disordered eating behaviors has been reported to increase in recent decades; on the other hand one situation that can impede the regulation of emotions is alexithymia. Therefore, the search for specific psychological variables that may contribute to the etiology of this disorder is of great importance. The current study examined the mediating role of the emotion regulation difficulties on the relationship between alexithymia and disordered eating behavior among students. This study was administrated upon 264 students in Tehran. Then, participants responded to the questionnaires and the data were analyzed. The results showed that there was internal significant correlation among emotion regulation difficulties, alexithymia and disordered eating behaviors. Also, regression analysis indicated that emotion regulation difficulties significantly mediated the relationship between alexithymia and disordered eating behaviors . The results supported the hypothesis that emotion regulation would mediate the association between alexithymia and disordered eating. According to the findings of the present study, considering the role of emotion regulation difficulties in the relationship between alexithymia and eating disorders is important for prevention and therapy programs. In terms of practical implication, our findings suggest that prevention programs should focus on alexithymia and difficulties in emotion regulation because the combination of both variables are really strong associated with disordered eating.

One of the suitable and beneficial methods in promoting behaviors of road traffic injury prevention could be the application of educational programs. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the effect of health belief model on preventive behaviors related to road traffic injuries among primary school students. 100 participants was randomly selected among fourth- and fifth-grade primary school students. The participants were divided into the control and intervention groups. The intervention group participated in educational program, while the control group did not receive any education. Data were collected before and two months after the intervention using a check list for recording the observation of student's behavior when crossing a simulated street at school, and also a self-administered questionnaire. The questionnaire consisted of items on demographic information, knowledge, structures of Health belief model, and performance of students in relation to road traffic injury prevention. The results of this study showed that there was no significant difference between two groups in demographic characteristics, except for father's employment and education level. The knowledge of students increased after the intervention. Also, the scores on self-reported and observed performances between two groups had a significant difference after the intervention. According to the results of this study, it can be concluded that planning an educational intervention based on health belief model could promote knowledge and performance of students in relation to road traffic injury prevention.

Learning disability includes wide range of educational problems which treating these problems need child's social, emotional and behavior treatment. As prevalence of learning disabilities among children and their difficulties, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of coping with stress training on social adjustment of students with learning disabilities. The statistical population consists of all boy student with learning disabilities in learning disabilities center, in which 34 students were selected by convenience sampling. The social adjustment questionnaire was used. The experimental group had coping strategies training in 9 sessions for 90 minutes every week. Covariance analysis was used to compare the scores. The results showed that there was significant difference in pretest and posttest of experimental group. The findings also indicated that coping strategies training increased social adjustment, affective and educational adjustments of experimental group in comparison of control group. Appropriate strategies can be used for dealing with stress in students with learning disabilities. Coping training can be used as supplemental program in schools and centers of learning disabilities to improve the adjustment problems of these students.

Life satisfaction is an important and pervasive issue for all community members, including infertile women. Infertility brings about a mentally stressful situation. In this respect, life review therapy with emphasis on Islamic ontology may be an important factor in the promotion of life satisfaction and improvement of mental health. The study population included infertile women referred to the Mashhad Infertility Center. After completion of diagnosis process and conducting the pretest, 40 infertile women were randomly assigned to the groups of intervention and control. The participants completed the questionnaire of Miller life satisfaction of before and after the intervention. The intervention group received ten sessions of life review therapy while the control group was invited to attend the treatment sessions after the posttest. None of the members of two groups took any medication during the study period and they were followed up for three months to check the long-term effects. The results showed that life review therapy with emphasis on Islamic ontology can significantly increase life satisfaction in infertile women and potentially could be of clinical use. Considering the positive effect of life review therapy with emphasis on Islamic ontology in life satisfaction among infertile women, special trainings for these women and the preventive measures should be taken.

Due to the evolutionary nature of adolescence period and its specific characteristics and needs, assessment of adolescents’ health needs is of great importance. The present study aimed to determine educational needs of female high school students regarding reproductive health. This study was conducted on female high school students in Hamadan, Iran. The study participants included 346 students selected through cluster sampling. The study data were collected using modified WHO’s questionnaire. The results showed that 80.4% of the participants had weak to moderate knowledge about nutrition, 54.9% about anatomy, 94.2% about physiology, 85.6% about menstrual health, 93.9% about common cancers among women, 89.9% about genetics, 15.9% about puberty, 72% about STD/HIV, and 48.9% about contraception. The study results revealed the necessity of training in various areas of reproductive health in female high school students.

Happiness is one of the most important human psychological needs that plays a key role in the formation of a person's character and mental health. This quasi-experimental study aimed to determine the effect of happiness training in reducing depression and anxiety and improving quality of life among hemodialysis patients. The participants consisted of 30 female dialysis patients that referred to hemodialysis ward in Zahedan city. The participants were placed in two groups, experimental and control, each included 15 members. Afterwards, the Fordyce happiness training was implemented on the experimental group in 8 sessions (a 90-minute session per week). Pretest and posttest were conducted on both groups. In the current study, for gathering data in the pretest and posttest, the Beck Depression Inventory, Katel Anxiety Questionnaire, and 36-Item Short Form (SF-36) Health Survey were employed. The results of the data analysis showed significant differences between the mean scores of the hemodialysis patients placed in the experimental and control groups on depression, anxiety, and quality of life. Accordingly, it can be concluded that the happiness training was effective in reducing the patient's depression and anxiety and enhancing their quality of life.

Keeping order in the classroom, modifying students’ behavioral problems, and implementing regulations codified at schools are among the issues in education involving the minds of headmasters and teachers. Following adolescence appropriate behavioral patterns plays a key role in bringing about the adolescents’ positive social behavior. This study aimed to investigate the predictors of adolescents’ positive social behavior using the Norm Activation Model (NAM). This study was conducted on 200 female students between 12 and 13 years old studying in the third educational district of Shiraz, Iran, that were selected through cluster random sampling method. The study data were collected as self-report using a questionnaire composed of demographic items and items measuring positive social behavior based on NAM. The findings showed that among the NAM constructs, personal norm was the strongest predictor of positive social behavior followed by awareness of consequences and ascription of responsibility. The relation of awareness of consequences to birth order, ascription of responsibility to father’s occupation and birth order, personal norm to father’s occupation, number of brothers, and birth order, and positive social behavior to number of brothers, birth order, non-classmate friends, and number of intimate non-classmate friends was statistically significant. It was concluded that NAM could be utilized to predict the factors affecting positive social behavior. Moreover, the results can be used by authorities and policymakers to develop appropriate plans and behavioral interventions.

Iranian families face many challenges these days. This study aimed to examine marital incompatibility and underlying factors among couples in rural Gonabad based on sociological views and socio-cultural characteristics of the villagers. The study collected data by using questionnaires. The statistical population included 380 married men and women living in the villages of Gonabad county. The samples were selected through cluster sampling method proportional to size. Preliminary interviews and a researcher-made questionnaire were used in order to collect the data. The validity and reliability of the questionnaire were confirmed through face validity and Cronbach's alpha coefficient, respectively. The mean age of the participants and their mean age at marriage were 39 and 21 years, respectively. An equal percentage of males and females participated in the present study. The results of multivariate regression analysis showed that three out of five hypotheses on the relationship between independent and dependent variables could not be rejected. These three hypotheses suggested a significant direct relationship between conflict of values and marital incompatibility, and a significant inverse relationship of fulfillment of needs and family social capital with marital incompatibility. The two variables of Role Strain and Homogamy were not significantly correlated with the independent variable. In view of the influence of changes in the modern era over the needs and expectations of people, it is necessary to provide rural couples with education appropriate to cultural context of their society.

Child abuse is behavior in which child faces physical, sexual, negligence and emotional abuses. This study’s aimed to investigate relationship between childhood abuse and self-compassion with stress-coping strategies among women. Statistical population included all of married women in Tehran. The sample contains 182 participants who were selected by convenience sampling method entertainment centers, shopping centers, health centers and cultural centers. The data were collected by Mohammad Khani’s self-report questionnaire, Neff's self-compassion scale and coping strategies of Blings and Mous. The findings showed that emotional abuse with mean of 23.54 was the hisgest and physical abuse with mean of 7.87 was the lowest one. Results showed that there is negative relationship between the abuse’s total score and self-compassion’s total score. All physical abuse's subscales, emotional abuse and negligence can predict the self-compassion except sexual abuse. Also none of the abuse subscales can predict the stress-coping methods. The results have shown that the experience of abuse in childhood injury ,can be affected him in adulthood on self-concept and coping responces to stress and problems.

Osteoporosis, as a disease, is characterized by low bone mass and micro architectural deterioration of bone tissue. The aim of this study was to survey the predictors of osteoporosis preventive behaviors based on health belief model. This cross-sectional study was carried out on 401 randomly selected women referring to health centers. Data collection was based on health belief model. The employed instrument was confirmed by a panel of experts. Content validity ratio, content validity index, face validity, and exploratory factor analysis were used to determine the validity of the tool. Test-retest internal consistency was employed to determine the reliability. The mean age of women was 40.9±6.2 years. The variables of perceived susceptibility, motivation for walking behavior and variable of perceived sensitivity for nutrition behavior were predicted. The walking performance had a significant association with perceived susceptibility and motivation, the nutritional performance had a significant positive association with perceived susceptibility and self-efficacy and a negative correlation with perceived barriers. The variables under study explained 29.1% of the variance in walking behavior and 20.2% of the variance in nutrition behavior in osteoporosis prevention. This study indicated health belief model is capable to predict nutrition and walking behaviors for the prevention of osteoporosis. Hence, this model can be used as a framework for designing and implementing educational interventions for the prevention of osteoporosis in women.