فصلنامه جغرافیا و آمایش شهری - منطقه ای
پیاپی 23 (تابستان 1396)

Locating suitable sites for household waste landfill (dirty gold) is of important actions in the process of comprehensive management of urban waste. The current location of the landfill in Marvdasht, in addition to its capacity fullness, is located in an unsuitable environment. The effects of its environmental pollution has emerged not only in the current situation but also will better show his negative effects in the near future and Finally, the sustainable development of this city will face with a crisis. The Purpose of this research is the locating of household waste land fill in Marvdasht city and reducing its resulting damages to water and soil resources. In this study, the land physiographic factors, the distance from the legal limit of the city, distance from the road, distance from the man-made features ( village, urban facilities and equipments and mines), distance from the faults in the region and also review the hydroclimatic condition including distance from the surface waters , wind direction, temperature, precipitation in GIS environment have been used. Firstly, the limitations of the study area from the view point of waste land fill, extraction and then the amount of data layers based on fuzzy membership functions and based on their desirability in relation with the target were placed in the standard range of zero and one. Finally, these layers were combined based on the extracted weights through AHP and linear- weight composition and then the suitable areas for landfill of household waste were determined. The findings of the research indicate that the study area was divided into 4 classes, in which the fourth class in the final map was determined as the most suitable place for burying household waste and construction waste recycling technology (dirty gold) Marvdasht city

Precipitation mechanisms are affected by different Patterns in various geographical regions. Recognition of these patterns can help environmental planner to manage water resources. Statistical relations between topography characteristics variables with spatial Precipitation changes on mountain regions have been considered by most of researchers. The aim of the present study if to review the effective spatial and topography characters on the springtime convectional Precipitation in the northwest of Iran based on regression models in order to specify potential places of the maximum convectional Precipitation. For this purpose, spring precipitation data for period (1980-2014) has derived from 25 climatology and rain gauge stations that are located in the region of study and DEM maps of the neighboring areas has been prepared. Topographic and geographical variables has been derived by using digital elevation models (DEM). For the purpose of development the relations between the geographical and topographic characteristics of the study area with the spring convectional Precipitations, the values of each spatial layer has been quantified. After the study of statistical and geographical relations, the share of each different geographical and topographic variables in relation with the spring convective precipitation patterns in the study area , the areas with maximum spring convectional precipitation has been determined . Then, to determine the exact spatial relation of spring convective precipitation patterns, hot spots Hot Spot analysis model was used in Geographical Information System (GIS). The results showed that convectional precipitation in the western south of region has a regular spatial pattern and high probability occurrence. Also, classified zones of convectional Precipitation (high potential zones) on the projected maps and stations with maximum precipitations confirmed that overlapped area approximately 37.1 percent. Therefore, spatial and topography factors have an important effective role in occurrence of spring convectional Precipitation.

Geopolitical science, due to the establishment of a great relationship between the policy, power and geography, can be considered as the knowledge of supplying security at different levels, that in addition to playing role at different international, regional and national levels, has effective role at the local security level. The current study was performed with the aim of identifying and prioritizing the effective geopolitical factors on the local security by using Multi Criteria Decision Making Technique ( MCDM) and tries to answer the main question that "what are the effective geopolitical factors on the local security? And the secondary question that what priority have the effective geopolitical factors on local security of each other?To answer these questions, the geopolitical factors were studied in 6 groups and 49 sub groups. This research was performed by descriptive-surveying method and its statistical society were the academic elites who were familiar with the concept of national security which were selected by cluster random sampling method. For gathering data, the researcher made questionnaire was used that Cronbach's Coefficient Alpha is equal to 0.966 and for data analysis , Confirmatory Factor Analysis, Kolmogorov Smirnov and one sample T-test were used and also for factor's prioritizing, AHP and TOPSIS method were used that their main findings are as the following: natural , political, security, economical, social and cultural factors as the effective geopolitical factors on the local security are prioritized as the following:Economical, political, social, cultural, security, and natural factors

Housing status in every society has direct relation with the economical and social status and doesn’t secede from it. So for studying and analysis the status of housing in every country, economical, social and cultural specifications of that country shall be considered. On this basis, use of housing indicators as the most key instrument of housing planning can facilitate our recognition in housing planning and decision making. Housing indicators at one one hand are the instrument for recognizing housing condition in the different above said dimensions ad on the other hand, are the key tools for mapping and planning the future vision for housing and planning for it. So this research with the aim of quantitative and quantitative evaluation of housing status in West Azarbijan intends to rank the counties according to housing indicators to rank for housing planning by using VIKOR method. This research from the view point of aim is of applied one and with respect to its work method has a descriptive – analytical nature.The applied indicators in this research include the type of Skeleton (Durablility of Housing), number of people residing at a residential buiding ,number of families residing at buildings, Ownership of Housing, number of of Rooms in each building, Impermanency of Housing, number of rooms For each Family and number of people in each room. The obtained results show that counties of Mahabad, Bookan, Oshnaviyeh, Salmas, Poldasht, Miyandoab, Shot and Chaldoran have undesirable status in view of housing indicators, whereas housing status in counties of Shahindej, Maku, Khoy, Chaypareh, Sardasht, Urmia, Naghadeh, Takab and Piranshahr has an acceptable condition. Also in this study, some suggestions has been provided for improvement of housing in West Azarbaijan.

The sustainable agriculture is a system that in addition to the proper management and use of resources for supplying the feeding requirements of the human, increasing the quality of environment and storages of natural resources. The purpose of the present study is to investigate the influence of environmental, economical and social factors on the knowledge of wheat farmers regarding the agricultural sustainable development in Ardebil province . The research method is of descriptive-co relational type which is made by surveying method. The target population of this study was the entire wheat farmers in Ardabil County and about 17500 people, in which by using stratified random sampling technique, 194 participants were selected as the statistical sample. The content and validity of the questionnaire was obtained through getting the views of faculty members of the university and executive professionals. The preliminary test was also made for achieving the sustainability of the research tools. The reliability analysis was conducted and Cronbach’s alpha values for the various sections of the questionnaire were estimated to be between 0.71 and 0.82.The results of Spearman test showed except of Herbicide and amount of pesticide, number of dependant people, age and total area of under cultivation, there exist a statistically significant positive relationship between environmental, economical and social factors with agricultural sustainable development. In addition, the results of the multivariate regression revealed that the variables of the value of using connecting channels, function , experience of agriculture activities, literacy, partnership level and distance up to the nearest service centers will define 63 percent of the changes in the dependant variable of technical knowledge in agricultural sustainable development. At the end, some instruction and guidelines have been presented for optimization of the farmer's knowledge and increase of using sustainable activities.

Walk ability is among the factors that can be effective in the revitalization of urban areas and through increased civic participation of citizens in the field of public places, increases the interactions and social correlations. In this direction, improvement of the quality and quantity factors of urban walkable spaces can be realized when the priority of the current issues is based on the views of the citizens and users of these spaces. Since there exists various comments and views in the city and about the existing urban issues and its priorities, making decisions shall also be convergence and along with covering all aspects of priorities. The purpose of this research is to improve the quality of walkways and comparative study of experts and citizens about the importance of effective indicators in urban walk able areas by using analytic network process (ANP).In this method, the components of the evaluation criteria were produced in 5 components and 26 indicators by using Super Decision software and the results of field surveys were analyzed in this software. The outputs of the model are available in different text methods and various charts for criteria and indicators. The findings of the study indicate five factors "physical and visual", "movement and access", "Social and cultural factors," "environmental factors", "functional elements" have the most significant role in defining the walkablility of urban spaces. Comparing the final scores of walkability of the studied walkways showed that from the view point of citizens and professions, Tarbiyat walkway as a better condition comparing with Shahriya, Maghsoodiyeh and Valiasr walkways.

Soil is considered as one of the most important elements of the environment. Soil erosion is an unavoidable phenomenon that increasingly destroys soil and pollutes water. Accurate estimation of water erosion and deposition of sediments is very important to evaluate potential soil loss and storage capacity of dams. Water Erosion Prediction Project (WEPP) is a computer model that can estimate erosion and sediment of Hill slope and catchment area , based on each individual precipitation event or in successive years. The data required for WEPP model are entered in four files, namely soil file, management file, climate file and slope file. In this study, water erosion and sediment amount was estimated by three methods of Hill slope, catchment area and flow path. In these methods sediments estimation were 0.623, 0.325 and 0.824 ton/ha/year, respectively. The results were compared with the observed value (0.665 ton/ ha/ year) of Aladyzgeh. on this basis, the Hill slope method was closer to the observed value (0.665 ton/ ha/ year) of hydrometric station and is suitable for estimating the erosion and sediment amount in Aladyzgeh catchment area.

Despite enormous economical developments, now millions of people around the world that mostly live in rural areas, are still in poverty. Thus, supplying social welfare and poverty reduction is the main objectives of any economical system . thus providing suitable conditions for the life of all classes of the society requires proper planning and strategies for financing including investmet in the rural development with the aim of variation of employment and income. The aim of this study is to review the role of privae sector investment in mitigation of rural poverty in the villages of Saeen Ghale of Abhar county in Zanjan province. Type of research is the applied one and the used method is analytical- descriptive one and for data gathering , field and Library methods have been used. The statistical society is 3343 households in Saeen Ghale village that based on modified Cochran formula, 104 questionnaires were randomly distributed among rural households in the study area. To analyze the data, descriptive and inferential statistics (T tests, Friedman, Wilcoxon, Solidarity) and Vikor model has been applied.Research findings show that there is a significant correlation between private sector investment and poverty reduction in the rural areas. So that most of average values for the considered components were higher than the average limit and shows that the investment of private sector has caused significant changes in the components of reduction of rural poverty used in the current rural area. Also spatial analysis of the impact of private investment on the indices of rural poverty in the considered area shows that among the rural areas, a great deal of differences can be observed, so that among the sample villages , Saien Ghale has the best and Arhan village has the least rank in the enjoyment of private investment in the improvement of rural poverty indicators.

Suburbanization is considered to be one of the problems and difficulties of country’s urban management. In the most recent experience of urban planning system, the country with the rehabilitation and improvement program has tried to control and decrease the dimensions of this problem , but steel there exists deficiencies which prevent the achievement of the urban Integrated development. Zabol city has great physical growth and expansion in the recent years and specially from 1977 onward which has created a lot of locals in the suburban. the suburbanites condition of zabol city which are in undesirable conditions in many aspects such as installation, urban infrastructural services like asphalt of road and streets , the urban sewage and public spaces; arises this questions that whatis the most important problem of suburbanites in rehabilitation of their areas? The present article has studied and evaluated their rehabilitation based on socio - economical characteristics of the heads of households, housing, participation of Zabol suburbanites. The information obtained from 316 distributed questionnaires in 14 suburban areas of zabol has been analysed by Excel and SPSS softwares and the privilege of the main and secondary indices of rehabilitation of each of the suburban areas has been acquired. The total of standard score from each of the areas has been ranked based on Z-score method. The results of research shows that most of the locals, 10 locals out of 14 local suburbans, in terms of rehabilitation are too weak to moderate, that its main cause is the economical problems such as unemployment of 26.9 percent of heads of households and also the income of suburbanites, its result is the capability of only 2.85 percent of suburbanites for cash payment of the improvement costs of the locals. Creating sustainable employment and fixed income can empower the suburbanites of Zabol.

In recent decades, with the growth and development of urbanization in the third world countries, especially in Iran, Provision of housing for low-income groups in the city has become one of the issues and challenges that the governments faced with. One of the policies for provision of housing for low-income groups is Mehr housing project as the greatest National Housing Plan that due to its width and novelty , the need to verify the results of this experience is felt. The purpose of this study was to assess the satisfaction of Mehr housing project, Sahand New Town, Tabriz. The research method is descriptive - analytical surveying one. documentary and field methods were used for gathering information And for data analysis, factor analysis and multi criteria regression models were used in SPSS software. The findings show that satisfaction of Sahand New Town Mehr housing were on the 8 combination factors includign Physical features, lighting, ventilation and visibility and landscape, facilities and infrastructure neighborly relations, access and transport, management and maintenance of buildings, property, economical specifications, and security that explain in total 78.409 percent of the variance. The results show that the highest satisfaction is related to the first factor, i.e. the physical characteristics that soley explain 15.729% of the variance. The lowest level of satisfaction is also related to the economical and security that are respectively 6.732 and 4.227% of their variance.

After the 70th decade, a severe reactions were started against the uncontrolled growth and expansion of the cities after the 2d world war, and endogenous development strategy was offered for tackling with the problem. In this case, infill development -which is one of the smart growth subsidiaries-, is the simplest strategy for realizing endogenous development. This research has analytical-descriptive Method and is based on study of theoretical and practical literature of mentioned concepts. In this paper, first, a brief definition of endogenous development and infill development and their relations will be presented as a preface. In continue, the theoretical backgrounds shaped and developed the concept of infill development will be discussed shortly. These backgrounds are sustainable development, new urbanism and smart growth. In this part it will be tried to describe the relationship between infill development and each of these movements. In the third and main part of the paper, while reviewing the general process of infill development, the key procedural concepts (partnership, capacity assessment and fazing) will be explained and then described by some short case studies. As a conclusion, this paper offers two basic principles which are dominant over the procedure in infill development and form the different stages of infill process. These two are: “improvement” and “contextualize”.

The selection of appropriate site for determining industrial areas is one of the main important issues in regional development planning.In recent years, site selection studies have been come up as a key element playing role in the success and survival of industrial centers.Nowadays, the use of site-related data and the proper analysis of this data for appropriate site selection of industrial cities are considered important and has drawn a lot of attentions toward itself. Identifying factors and conditions influencing on Today, the appropriate use of location data and spatial analysis is important for using them in appropriate locating of industrial cities and has an increasing growth in the researches n locating the industrial cities and analyzing them, the present paper tries to identify appropriate sites for the establishment of industrial cities, to do so,11 significant factors were applied and Fuzzy Logic model was used for evaluating, modeling, and predicting appropriate areas for industrial cities. Next, each layer was Fuzzyin ARC GIS software according to Fuzzy membership functions and then Multiplication factor, the sum and different amount of fuzzy gamma were implemented on this layers.To select optimized fuzzy gamma, an analytical comparison was made on appropriate zones of the study area based on critical points with appropriate areas resulting from different amounts of gamma and it was identified that fuzzy gamma has the most conformity with the appropriate zones of the study area. Ultimately, the final map was classified into 5 classes and it was identified that 18.22 percent (36.07 square kilometer) and 66.01 percent of the area (130.69 square kilometer) fall into classes with the best and worst appropriateness’, respectively.According to the classified final map,it can be concluded that appropriate sites for industrial cities are located in the east and western-south of Marivan.

Marginalization has always been considered as a misery which must be omitted, therefore to get rid of this, many solutions have been provided. In this respect, subjective assessment of residents of slum areas in terms of their quality of life, is a useful and effective solution for both recognition of the problems and planning to solve them in these areas. Hamedan town as the same as the other cities is following the urbanization. One of the informal settlement areas of Hamedan city is Hesar district. In this research, we have subjectively assessed the rate of quality of life of the residents of this area. Type of the study is applicable and developmental and in context of the assessing method, it is descriptive-analytic. The collection of the data has been accomplished according to both documental and field study methods. In addition, the data of the QOL based on the resident’s opinions has been collected by using survey method through establishing the questionnaire tool (based on Likert spectrum). The obtained results indicated that QOL in Hesar area is lower than average. Additionally, the economic variable is the most effective factor among the other variables of the QOL which should be considered in various steps of QOL planning in Hesar settlement.

One of the most tremendous environmental crisis is the pollution of the cities that it's main cause is the human activities besides environmental factors. Modern thought toward urban development is that cities must be compatible with natural environment as far as possible and takes the step toward sustainability. Thus for access to a sustainable development in the cities, the deduction and control of air pollution can be of high importance important . So in the present research, the potential grading of air pollutant density in Tabriz by using ELECTRE method has been evaluated. The general framework of this research is based on gathering different informative layers (wind , crowd , land use, topography , queen space deficit , noise and vibration ,temperature ,inversion, connecting roads , volume of travels origin and destination) has been utilized as criterion and limitation factor.
Their valuing and weighing in the form of ELECTRE model as one of multi criteria analysis tactics in a functional contexts of the research subject was examined and used for the 10 districts of Tabriz.
Moreover for measuring the air pollutant's condensation, the data concerning to pollution monitoring stations of this city (Abrsan, Bagh shomal , Behdasht , hakim Nezami , Rah Ahan, Raste kauche station) have been used. Comparing the findings of the model and the data relevant with the stations indicate that the pollutant of PM10, SO2, Co are in critical and unhealthy condition in most of the stations especially in Raste Kauche, in which the crowd density and improper distribution of usages have more effect on the pollutants of this area, so that the most service and commercial uses which attract the population and vehicles during the day, ate located in district No.8 i.e. the central texture of the city. While the said district among the other districts has the most communication uses and the least green space, that such factors has caused the environmental instability and increase of pollutant's condensation. Based on the findings of this research, use of multi criteria analysis technique, in addition of increasing the accuracy and increase of the work speed, will increase the variety and causes the better quality of the results.