فصلنامه توسعه اجتماعی
سال یازدهم شماره 4 (تابستان 1396)

The present paper aims to examine of some Social Factors affecting Norm-breaking among Secondary School Boys and Girls Students in Ahwaz in has been done in 2014-2015. Theoretical framework of research, of social control theory, differential association theory of Sutherland, social learning theory of Tarde, social bond theory of Hirsch, theory of anomie Durkheim, Parsons & William Good and theory of Miller and Hagan was used. This study is survey, sample size of 375 students and tools have been used questionnaires, to collect data how were selected through multi stage cluster sampling method and statistical procedure for investigation of the software Spss is used. Statistical analysis results showed that, there are a negative and reverse relationship between socio-economic Statuses, attachment to parents, belonging to school, religiously, and parental supervision with norm-breaking. Also, there are a positive and direct relationship between sex, family disruption, interaction with norm-breaking friends, use the mass media, with norm-breaker. The only between understanding parents with norm-breaking was not found relationship.

South Pars gas in the city of Assaluyeh and one of the Industrial zones in the Middle East and the place activity of dozens of petrochemical companies. Activities of these companies have had a devastating effect on the ecosystem and for this reason it is important to study corporate social responsibility and development process. This study is done by the sociological approach, with the goal of a critical study of corporate social responsibility, from the perspective of the local communities as part of the external stakeholders. For this research, we have used the method of critical ethnography and episodic interview with observation by purposeful sampling and interviews with 20 local residents and we have analyzed the data by inductive analytical techniques. The data, obtained main categories: Instability, domination of technocratic on humanism, non-effective functioning of institutions and the category core of rethinking empowering. We have created on the model Corbin Strauss model also. The results showed that People of this region have a positive assessment of of the economic boom and some situations of economic development. But they have weak corporate performance in terms of corporate social responsibility towards the environment, sustainable development and balanced, considering of the rights of local people.

The collective conflict is one of the old issue and phenomena that is still remain in the traditional social and clan societies'. The collective conflict is dispute that usually motivated by cultural, political, economic and social occurs between at least three people and damage the life and property and consequently damages brought. The main purpose of this study is qualitative study and analysis of social-cultural factors effective on collective conflicts in Izeh city. In this qualitative study, 24 people by snowball sampling were selected. Research findings show that government intervention in the nomadic society and more importantly the implementation of land reform and the nationalization law of grasslands and forests in the 1340s, caused nomads settling and consequently, the incidence of spontaneous collective conflict has been happen in this area. On the other hand, findings indicate that tribal prejudices, vertical collectivism, solidarity within the group, kinship ties, generalization of violence and conflict, honor issues, elites of conflict, property conflicts, unemployment, elite competition, the breakdown of traditional management structure, lack of trust in authorities judicial and law enforcement, awareness of exclusion, conflict subjective experience (observation and participation) and unpleasant memories of past issues, provide the context of conflict and quarrel.

In this paper, we seek to survey the relationship between principlism and conservatism in contemporary Iran. We use four hypotheses to demonstrate this relationship. In doing so, we classified conservatism into three dimensions, namely, economic, cultural and psychological conservatism and then survey its relationship with principlism. Our method research is a secondary analysis of data stemming from the fifth waves of the World Value Survey (WVS). Firstly, our analysis shows a significant positive correlation between the cultural dimension of conservatism or traditionalism and fundamentalism. Secondly, there is almost no relationship between two indices of psychological conservatism, namely, rule-following and need for security with the tendency to principlism. On the other hand, there is a significant negative and low correlation between economic conservatism and tendency to principlism so that even cause a small increase toward reformist. Thirdly, and regard to these findings, conservatism rather than shape only the political attitude of principlist, its separate elements disperse between principlist and reformist in Iran. Fourthly, this dispersion has led to conservatism fails to work in coherent, uniform and complex ideology and shape a conservative party in contemporary Iran.

This research has been conducted to identify and explore villagers’ expectations and views about the quality of life around Urmia. To this end, a qualitative method has been employed with an emphasis on grounded theory. Sampling method in this research was purposeful and theoretical. Theoretical saturation was used for reaching sample saturation (20 cases in this study). To analyze the data of this study, a three-step coding method was used. The first stage is open coding in which important concepts were extracted from each interview. The second stage was axial coding in which 20 important extracted categories were summarized. Then the axial categories were put in the paradigm pattern which was comprised of six components of causal conditions, phenomenon, contextual factors, confounding factors, strategies and outcomes. Finally, in the third stage which was selective coding, the core category or concept of "life quality erosion" was extracted. This category, as the grounded theory, covers and explains all the axial categories surrounding the quality of life in rural areas.

This research attempted to investigate job expectancy of LIS students. The survey is of a descriptive-analytical type. The population consisted of LIS students in government universities. 700 questionnaires were distributed and 640 were returned; however, 610 were used in analyzing the data. Four faculty members confirmed the validity of the questionnaire and its reliability was measured through Cronbach’s Alpha, 0.89. He results showed that, in general, job expectancy of students is at a “moderate” level. Students’ hope to find jobs relevant or semi-relevant to their field of study is significantly lower than “average”; however, their hope to get “any” job is higher than “average”. Respondents believe that university enrolment, departmental facilities, and the Ministry’s policies influence job opportunities. It was also found that the chance to get a “relevant’ job in one year time span after graduation, is less than getting a job” irrelevant” to their field of study or “any” job. Students did not have a positive view to find a job in a short time, especially a job relevant to their field of study. This belief might be a reason for students not to be motivated to be serious in their studies. It is essential for those responsible to think and plan to change the present job opportunities in the country; otherwise, the country unfortunately will suffer more and more.

The purpose of this paper was intended to study the impact embodied cultural capital and intergenerational mobility of individuals in the city of Gorgan. The research method used in this study is suevey. For collecting the data, researcher-made questionnaire and for determining the reliability of the questionnaire, face validity technique and content validity with help of CVR coefficient technique and for determing the reliability of the questions, cronbach (alpha) coefficient were used. After questionnaire design and implementation of a pilot between 30 and responsive, questioning the reliability using Cronbach alpha coefficient (0/82). The sample of this study consisted of all women and men aged between 30 to 54 resident in Gorgan who were 146238 people based on 2011 census. The research sample size was 384 people. Multi-stage random sampling method was used to select. The samples. K-S test was used to identify the type of statistical method. In addition, parametric statistics (Pearson coefficient) was used for normal distribution of data. Descriptive results showed that 8.6 percent of responders were found to have descending intergenerational mobility, while 24 percent had horizontal intergenerational mobility and 67.4 percent enjoyed ascending intergenerational mobility. Finally, while studying the research hypothesis which is the relationship between embodied cultural capital (subjective) and intergenerational mobility of individuals in the city of Gorgan, it was approved at more -than- 95% confidence coefficient level.

Economic growth or programs oriented toward it cannot guarantee development of societies alone. To reach development, changes in believes, behaviors and attitudes are prior to such programs. Since school textbooks are suitable tools for offering changes in believes, behaviors and attitudes, this study is to content analyze social studies textbooks of primary school during the educational year of 2015-2016 regarding such kind of indices. The research data suggested that among indices of changes in believes, behaviors and attitudes studied textbooks paid more attention to “collectivism or socialization”, “scientism”, “social discipline”, and “attachment to the country”. While other indices i.e. “work ethics and loyalty”, “social trust”, “punctuality”, and “respecting the right of others” attracted attention less than expected.

Corruption is a global phenomenon, characterized by cultural, social, economic and political phenomenon .This phenomenon is not only in our society but also in other communities be promoted and developed. Corruption has challenged developed, developing and underdeveloped countries. Numerous effects of corruption on human society led to new approaches to the relationship between corruption and human rights. One of the questions arising from this approach is whether corruption can violate human rights? Understanding the types of corruption and the government's human rights obligations, prove a direct violation of all generations of human rights by corrupt actions. The answer, according to domestic law and international binding documents is the purposes of this article.