Journal of Medical Education Development
Volume:10 Issue: 25, 2017

On the application of new educational programs, active learning is highly increased. One from methods, team based learning, which is a major role in the increase of critical thinking , problem solving skills and improve communication skills, interpersonal. The aim of this study is to determine and present related topics to the subject of Team Base in learning for students and teachers.
In this review study, data were collected by searching through online databases such as Scopus, web of science, PubMed, Magiran and SID with the keywords Learning, Teaching, Team based learning with no time limit.
A total of 33 articles were reviewed. This review study explored The terms of the implementing team-based learning, principles of team based learning, the process of designing training for team-based learning , learning based strategies to promote the team and team based learning impact on learning.
Team based learning can cause learning and performance improvement, Strengthening the teaching skills and increase The confidence of students in medical sciences.

The curriculum assessment is one of the main processes which can identify the clinical needs of students. The purpose of this study is to compare the evaluation of the new and previous orthodontic curriculum from the viewpoints of the faculty members in the selected universities of Iran.
In this cross-sectional-description study ,The questionnaire consists of 28 questions distributed between 50 faculty members of orthodontic department of dentistry faculties of Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti, Qazvin, Azad university of Tehran, Tabriz, Isfahan, Urumiyeh and Azad university of Khorasgan. The data were analysed by a SPSS software.
From faculty members point of view of in the order of priority , the most important strengths of new Curriculum were the followings:Adding the cases of "eruption problems of teeth", " paying attention to the information and principles of infection control,", the movement of “detection topic, principles of clinical examination, provision of instruments, impression, calculating the models of orthodontic and photographic analysis " respectively, The main weak points in order of priority were these: eliminating “the purpose and duration of treatment and orthodontic treatment planning in different periods of teeth eruption” and ” the assessment methods of skull growth and development ”, ” mouth and face clefts including classification, morphology and formation of orthodontic treatment” .
Faculty members of dental schools believed that the changes in curriculum is not perfect .Therefore, the results can be used to improve the weak points of orthodontics curriculum.

The E-learning has created the necessary ability for students to learn through the information technology and facilitate their learning process. The aim of this study is to investigate the impact of psychological variables on the inclination to E-learning among the students of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences.
The current study has a functional purpose, and from the perspective of data collection and gathering the information is in correlation descriptive kind. The population of the study includes 4780 students of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences. The sample s size was determined based on a sample of 355 people .The tools of collecting data is compilation of five standard questionnaires related to psychological variables of this study. The scoring stage was performed using the Likert 5-point scale. The data were analyzed using a software named (lisrel8.5).
The results indicate a significant positive relationship between subjective norms and self-efficacy computer based variables to learn attitudes, perceived usefulness and e-learning among the students.The research results also showed that the intermediate variables of the research has a direct and significant effect on the criterion variable (E-learning) .
According to the results that indicate the perceived usefulness of e-learning is most effective University administrators are recommended to adopt appropriate methods to explain the benefits of using e-learning for students as well as efforts to improve their capabilities in this area.

Attitude of student toward field of study and future career is an effective factor in training that should be noted. Thus, this study aimed to determine the student's attitude in Zanjan University of Medical Sciences towards their field of study and their own future career in 2016.
In this descriptive cross– sectional study, 384 Zanjan University of Medical Sciences students studying in different faculties were selected randomly. The information was gathered through a researcher–made questionnaire including 15 questions about the perspective of students toward field of study and their future career. The data were analyzed using the SPSSV16 software.
The mean score of the students attitude toward their field of study and their own future career respectively were (22.10 and 14.77) which was lower than the theoretical mean of questionnaires (27 and 18). The results showed 44 percent of students had weak attitude towards their field of study, and 38.3 percent had the negative attitudes towards their future career. No significant difference was observed between future careers of students and age groups, sex, and educational level, while there was a significant difference between the satisfaction of the field of study and those variables.
The results indicate weak attitude of students towards their field of study and future career. It seems planning to improve the efficiency of human resources in health and medical sciences, reforming the structure of University of Medical Sciences, and increasing capacities and the career feasibility on future planning can be effective in strengthening student's attitude.

In the recent years, the steady education has confronted with some challenges. Most of the studies estimate that the effectiveness of these programs is moderate; therefore, due to the importance and background of these researches, we assessed the current steady education in a qualitative way via the perspective of general practitioners (GPs).
This research with a qualitative approach was done among the Qazvin city s GPs in 2015. The inductive content analysis was done for 3 focus groupS of discussions (FGD). IN in order to gather the data, a purposive sampling method until data saturation was used. All interviews were recorded,too.
23 General physicians participated in our study.The Data analysis led to the extraction of 6 main categories, 22 subcategories, 51 sub-codes, and, 67 suggested solutions. The main categories of participants included (2 subcategories), teachers (3 subcategories), policy (5 subcategories), designing (4 subcategories), subject (3 subcategories) and the content (2 subcategories).The main problems which were detected among the categories are as follows: participants : basic learning problems and low motivation of GPs; teachers: low level of statement , being unfamiliar with difficulties which GPs face with and not having a certain goal; policy: exclusion of GPs ideas, low motivation of universities in holding programs with high quality, inadequate infrastructure in training ,the inappropriate time of holding programs ,paying no attention to evaluation results and also the results that the teachers were not informed of them.; design: lack of appropriate technology, lack of target group level, boring and inappropriate form of holding; subject: mismatching the issues with needs for general physicians, lack of focus neither on the subject of the application, nor on a variety of topics; content: not practical and not updated program content and lack of coordination between the teachers in the delivery of the content.
The entire process of the steady education from needs assessment until the program requires a necessary revision and intervention. Increasing capabilities of teachers, concordance of teaching objectives with medical needs, teaching methods revision, providing structured feedback to the organizers and teachers seems to be very essential. Moreover, the use of more realistic Indicators for evaluation of the program, such as improving clinical performance must be considered, too.

Understanding the factors affecting the students can assist universities in achieving their educational mission which is for improving the quality of students learning and their achievement,too. Therefore, this study designed to investigate the factors affecting academic achievement of Pharmacy school students.
This study was a cross-sectional study. The statistical population of research are all pharmacy students in Zanjan University of Medical Sciences who entered to university from1385 until1392(either graduated or are being educated). The number of them were 294 people, who studied with the census method. The data were extracted from list of variables related to the academic and educational records of students. The Data Were analyzed using descriptive statistics and Pearson correlation test and multiple regression.
A total of 294 students, 169 people (57.5%) were female and 125 people (42.5%) were male. The highest frequency of age were related to 23 up to 26 (39.1%). Pearson correlation test showed that there are significant relationship between: gender variable with number of failed units (r=0.289), gender with university average score (r=0.413), gender with the number of probation semester(r=0.137), failed units with diploma average score of diploma (r=0.304) and university average score with average score of diploma (r=0.423). Also the results of multiple regression showed that gender variables, the number of both failed units and passed units and the average score of diploma are the main predictors of academic status.
Factors that are associated with student's academic achievement has been influential in their educational process. Hence to some extent, it s possible to predict their academic achievement by checking these factors on the arrival to universities.

Entrepreneurship and enhancing entrepreneurial activities can be considered as an appropriate stimulus for the growth and development of communities and also for increasing the income and finally for improving people lives. The present study was done to evaluate the entrepreneurship spirit of students in Kurdistan and Kermanshah Universities of Medical Sciences, 2015-2016.
Material and This was a cross-sectional study. The populations of the study were Kurdistan and Kermanshah Universities of Medical Sciences, the students, of which were 500 who selected by classified random sampling using a proportional allocation. A questionnaire including 45 items was used to collect data on entrepreneurial spirit. In order to describe and analyze the collected data the descriptive statistics including frequency, mean, standard deviation and Mann-Whitney U and Kruskal-Wallis was used.
The mean score of entrepreneurship among studied students was equal to 29.69±5.07. The scores in Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences students and Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences students were 29.89±5.13 and 29.52±5.03 respectively. The Entrepreneurial spirit between the two universities, did not show statistically a significant difference (P=0.98).
The results of the present study showed that students of both universities in most areas of the entrepreneurial spirit had high entrepreneurial spirit (above average). This can be a favorable ground for implementing programs related to the development and entrepreneurship training.

The Clinical education in nursing education is the main component in which students learn the nursing skills and professional nursing. This study aimed to identify clinical nursing education challenges and provide the appropriate solutions based on the studies conducted in Iran.
This review study conducted by searching the available databases include google scholar ,SID,Science Direct ,Proquest ,CINAHL,PubMed Within the past ten years (2005-2015) in which 27 articles were eligible for review and the problems and challenges in nursing education in Iran were discussed .
The clinical education is composed of an instructor, students, staff and management, that each of them has its own importance. The scientific, practical and emotional weaknesses in clinical instructors, student's low motivation, lack of facilities and equipment in the clinical setting, inappropriate staff cooperation and behavior with the instructor and student and poor management, lack of planning and coordination between the parts can be noted as current clinical challenges.
In order to have a professional and competent nurses the need to have a strong clinical education is undeniable. To have a strong clinical education its necessary to have empowered clinical instructors, and motivated students, and committed and compassionate hospital staff with a dynamic management which seems to be very essential for having capable instructors considering lack of facilities and the type of view exist currently toward the nursing profession .

The university culture should be changed to an entrepreneurial atmosphere if a university intends to become entrepreneurial. According to the importance of an entrepreneurial culture and its complications, according to reports from some universities it is inappropriate, this study aimed to evaluate the gap between perceptions and expectations of faculty members of entrepreneurship culture development at the Zahedan University of medical sciences.
This is a cross-sectional study. In June2016, a sample of 205 faculty members were stratified randomly selected out of a population of all faculty members of Zahedan University of medical sciences. The Data collection questionnaire entrepreneurship of culture development was with Cronbach's alpha coefficient 0/71 to analyze the data paired samples of T-test which was used by SPSS21.
Average perceptions of the entrepreneurial culture development and its three components (the management factor, human-psychological factor and strategic orientation) were lower than the average expectations of faculty members (P0/05) there was no significant difference between perception and expectations of faculty members of the entrepreneurial culture development .
The results indicate there are significant gaps between the existing and desired situation of culture entrepreneurship development and to reduce these gap, university senior management should pay close attention to the factors affecting culture entrepreneurship development such as management factor, human-psychological factor and strategic orientation.