نشریه طب انتظامی
سال ششم شماره 2 (پیاپی 22، تابستان 1396)

Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the correlation of attachment styles and early maladaptive schemas with type D personality in cardiovascular patients.
In this cross-sectional study¡ 160 cardiac patients of Be’sat Hospital of Hamadan City¡ Iran¡ were selected by accessible sampling method and answered to attachment styles¡ maladaptive schema and type D personality questionnaires. Data were analyzed by correlation coefficient and multivariate regression methods with SPSS 16 software.
There were significant correlations between type D personality and secure attachment styles (r=-0.237¡ p Type D personality in cardiovascular patients correlates with poor physical and mental status.

Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship of prisoners’ demographic features in 7 provinces of Iran with their crime type and level.
This descriptive study was performed in all 2200 newcomer prisoners of 7 great prisons of Iran (Zahedan¡ Urmia¡ Kermanshah¡ Karaj¡ Bandar Abbas¡ Yazd and Gorgan) during January and February 2009. The analysis of personal properties (age¡ level of education¡ unemployment¡ poverty and place of residence) of prisoners was done in the framework of structuralism and functionalism using SPSS 19 software.
Increasing the age and level of education of prisoners was inversely related to crimes¡ especially theft¡ which was the most frequent among the crimes¡ and only a direct relation to fraud was observed. The amount of crime and its re-engagement with the level of education and income was inversely related and was directly related to urbanization and intercourse. Traffic accidents and accidents with urbanization had a direct relationship with the reverse and fraudulent and drug trafficking¡ as well as the history of their repetition with urbanization.
Demographic factors such as age¡ education¡ and low income play a significant role in committing crimes¡ especially robbery. Also¡ the location agent is also linked to crime types¡ so that drug addiction¡ drug trafficking and fraud and repeat offenders are more likely to occur in the city¡ and driving accidents and accidents and repeat offenses in villagers.

Aim: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of emotional management training and self-confidence in decreasing recurrence of opiate users in Ardabil City¡ Iran.
This experimental study was carried out with pretest/posttest design with control group in patients referred to Ardabil addiction treatment centers in 2015. 40 opiate addicts were selected by available sampling method according to the criteria for entering and leaving and obtaining medical certificate confirmation. They were divided into two groups of 20 experimental and control groups. The experimental group received 10 sessions of emotional and self-confidence training and the control group spent their daily routine. The data were collected using the predictive scale of Wright''s slip and return and demographic data in 3 steps (pre-test¡ post-test¡ and followup 3 months after the end of the intervention) and analyzed by repeated variance analysis.
There was a significant difference between the mean pre-test¡ post-test and follow-up to return to addiction in the two experimental and control groups. Also¡ the effect of teaching emotional management and self-confidence on return to addiction was 0.056. There was a significant difference between the mean pre-test¡ post-test and followup of desire in two groups of experiment and control.
Emotion management and self-confidence training is effective in reducing slipping and preventing recurrence in opioid users.

Aim: The purpose of this study was to investigate the attachment styles of people with opioid abuse disorders and their relationship with mindfulness and sleep quality.
In this study, 120 male opioid males, who were sampled by accessible method, responded to the scale of attachment, mindfulness and sleep quality styles. After determining the frequency of each attachment styles, the relationship between the level of mindfulness and the quality of sleep was determined in people with different attachment styles. Statistical analysis was performed using one-way ANOVA. In case of observing a significant difference the post hoc Tukey test was used.
Mindfulness level in subjects with safe attachment was higher than those with anxiety and ambivalent attachment (p=0.03). No significant difference was found between the level of anxiety and insecure attachment and ambivalent attachment (p>0.05). The lowest mean score of sleep quality was for those with safe attachment style, then ambivalent and, lastly, avoidance. There was no significant difference in the level of sleep quality among people with different attachment patterns (p>0.05).
Individuals with safe attachment style have higher scores, and those with ambivalent attachment style have lower scores. Sleep quality is not affected by mindfulness.

Aim: Obsessive-compulsive disorder is one of the most common psychiatric disorders that affect psychosocial functions of humans. The purpose of this study was to assess the validity and reliability of the Persian version of the Padua Inventory (Washington State University version).
This descriptive cross-sectional study was performed on normal (non-clinical) people in Amol City¡ Iran¡ in 2015. 300 patients were enrolled in a multi-stage cluster sampling method. The subjects responded to Padua Persian version¡ Beck Depression¡ Beck Anxiety¡ Revised Contemplative-ObsessiveCompulsive Disorder¡ State-Trait Anxiety¡ and Maudsley''s ObsessiveCompulsive Disorder questionnaires. SPSS 17 software and descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the data.
The mean of Beck anxiety score in the samples was 16.39±9.25¡ Maudsley''s State-Trait Anxiety was 11.78±4.50¡ State Anxiety was 48.49±5.65¡ Trait Anxiety was 46.41±7.72¡ Foa obsessive-compulsive disorder was 26.15±11.73¡ Beck Depression was 17.32±9.17 Padua obsessive-compulsive disorder was 35.63±19.51. The Cronbach''s alpha coefficient of the whole scale was 0.91 and the correlation coefficient was 0.8 after a 14-day trial (p The reliability and validity of the questionnaire of the Persian version of Padua is appropriate in the non-clinical society of Iran.

Aim: Musculoskeletal disorders¡ general health of individuals and body mass index are among the most important indicators of health evaluation of individuals in different organizations. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between BMI and musculoskeletal disorders and general health in military personnel.
This cross-sectional descriptive-analytic study was carried out on 75 military personnel in June 2016¡ which were selected by available sampling method. Data were collected using a standard Cornell questionnaire¡ weight and height were used to measure BMI and Goldberg General Health Questionnaire. For data analysis¡ SPSS 20 and descriptive statistics¡ independent T test and one-way ANOVA were used.
The most musculoskeletal disorders were in the waist (52%)¡ back (44%) and shoulder (40%)¡ respectively. The general health status of the subjects was moderate (4.8) 39.3. There was a significant relationship between BMI and musculoskeletal disorders (p=0.01) and general health (p=0.01)¡ which increased with increasing body mass¡ musculoskeletal disorders¡ and general health.
Body mass index affects musculoskeletal disorders and general health.

Aim: Smoking is considered as a gateway to drug use and other highrisk behaviors. The purpose of this study was to compare the causes of smoking and high-risk behaviors in smoker and non-smoker soldiers.
This cross-sectional study was conducted on soldiers of a military unit. 360 soldiers were selected by random sampling method and responded to a questionnaire on risk factors and protective substance use. Data were analyzed by Pearson correlation coefficient and multivariate analysis of variance.
The mean of the tendency to substance use¡ positive attitude towards drug use¡ sensation-seeking¡ family conflicts¡ and sexuality in regular smokers was higher than those in the irregular smoker group and in subjects without experience of consumption was less than in the last two groups. There was a significant relationship (p Cigarette smoking is prone to high-risk behaviors and consumption of other drugs.

Physical training-related musculoskeletal injuries are a major problem in military populations. The purpose of this study was the determination of the most common sites of musculoskeletal injuries and the relationship between sports history and musculoskeletal injuries during the course of six month police military exercises.
During a prospective cohort study¡ data on musculoskeletal injuries of 150 male police students during the course of six month police military exercises were obtained. Their demographic characteristics and previous sports history have been evaluated. Data on incidence of musculoskeletal disorders was collected from Nordic questionnaire during the course of six month police military exercises. The incidence of the most common sites of musculoskeletal injuries was calculated as percentage of the total study population and the X2 test and fisher exact test were used to determine the relationship between sports history with musculoskeletal injuries.
Among 150 enrolled male recruits the most common sites of musculoskeletal injuries were knee (45.4%)¡ Low back (30.7%) and ankle (17%). Also¡ the incidences of musculoskeletal injuries in persons with or without previous sports history were 57.5% and 63.6% respectively.
Lower extremity and low back injuries were the most common sites of musculoskeletal injuries during the course of six month police military exercises. Also¡ the pervious sports history of participants and their probable higher physical fitness may be considered as a protective factor in development of musculoskeletal disorders.

Aim: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between self-differentiation and alexithymia and addiction tendency in medical students.
This descriptive correlational study was conducted in male and female students of Birjand University of Medical Sciences during the 2014-15 academic year and 337 students were selected by random cluster sampling method. In order to collect information¡ Scorner & Frederlinder self-differentiation¡ Toronto alexithymia and Qorbani addiction tendencies questionnaires were used. Data were analyzed using multiple stepwise regression analysis.
self-differentiation and its components (my position and emotional responsiveness) as well as alexithymia and one of its component (difficulty in identifying emotions) predicted addiction tendency in students (p Regarding the role of alexithymia and self-differentiation in predicting addiction tendency in students¡ the necessity of the attention of authorities¡ planners and administrators of educational system in order to reduce alexithymia and improve self-differentiation through workshops is necessary.