Caspian Journal of Reproductive Medicine
Volume:2 Issue: 2, Summer-Autumn 2016

It is evident that seasonal changes can affect the function of animal reproductive system, and human reproductive system is no exception in this regard. These changes can be attributed to the effect of light during different seasons, especially on the reproductive system of females. There are, on the other hand, many reports that indicate no significant relation between seasons and the fertility rate of pregnancy and implantation. The aim of the present study was to clarify different views in case of seasonal effects on the rate of fertility and pregnancy.
The present study was conducted on 1287 couples at the Infertility Center, Babol University of medical sciences. The couples received embryos after intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) was included in the study. The participants were divided into five groups based on their age (18-23, 24-28, 29-33, 34-38 and 39-43). The level of significance was set at p Women who received embryos were between the age range of 18 and 43. It should be mentioned that the range of pregnancy in different seasons was different, and that the maximum number of pregnancies happened in autumn. Most pregnancies happened in 28 to 33 year olds. The quality of embryos was better in autumn than other seasons.
The results indicated that seasonal changes can have an effect on the pregnancy rate through ICSI technique.

Prostate cancer is the second leading cause of cancer-related death in men. The aim of this study was to examine the association between prostate cancer and possible etiological agents.
In case-control study 60 men aged 40-65 years from March 2013 and May 2016, with prostate cancer were studied. For each prostate cancer case, there were one control, who were matched in terms of age and residence. The demographic factors of men with prostate cancer were compared with healthy cases as a control group.
After adjusting the variables, the obesity (BMI ≥ 25) (OR= 16.07, 95% CI= 4.90-52.67), the sitting height ≥ 111 (OR= 6.45, 95% CI= 1.87-22.23), current use hookah (OR= 1.84, 95% CI= 0.48-7.03), and the positive family history of prostate cancer (OR= 55.60, 95% CI= 9.04-341.93) were found to be associated with an increased risk of prostate cancer.
To decrease the prostate cancer among Iranian men emphasis should be placed on screening program to identify prostate cancer in men with the positive family history of cancer, the overweight one, higher sitting height and those who use hookah.

The basic pathophysiologic phenomenon in testicular torsion, a common urologic emergency, is ischemia followed by reperfusion. In this study, we evaluated the effect(s) of simvastatin (SIM), a lipid lowering agent with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, on mouse epididymal sperm fertilizing potential and the subsequent in vitro embryo development in experimentally-induced unilateral testicular ischemia-reperfusion (IR).
Adult male mice were divided into four groups (n = 6, each). Following anaesthesia, IR was induced by clamping the left testicular vessels with an atraumatic microvascular clamp for 30 minutes in the IR group. In IR䢃 group, in addition, the mice received SIM (20 mg/kg per day) orally for 3 days starting from the day of induction of the experimental IR. A vehicle-treated control group and a SIM-only treated group were also included. Ipsilateral and contralateral epididymal sperms fertilizing capacity was analyzed in four groups after 35 days.
Significant reduction in fertilization as well as blastulation rates were observed in the IR group. However, the SIM treatment considerably attenuated the IR-induced negative alterations in the above-mentioned parameters.
These findings revealed the repro-protective effects of SIM on the murine model of IR through the inhibition of oxidative injuries and inflammatory reactions.

sleep quality disorder accounts for high rampancy among pregnant women, especially in the third trimester of pregnanc. Present study was conducted to assess effectiveness of behavioral-based treatment in improving sleep quality of pregnant women in the third trimester of pregnancy.
this study is of experimental type with two-group pretest/posttest design conducted in 2014 on pregnant women in the third trimester of their pregnancy in the targeted health centers from among the existing health centers in Tarome city. All of these women completed the Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) following which they were divided in to two experimental and control groups. The experimental group was exposed to behavioral training (i.e. muscle relaxation and systematic desensitization) for one month, 2 times a week (8 sessions in total) for improvement of their sleep quality. The members of both groups, in the posttest, once again answered the research questionnaires. The obtained data were analyzed using multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) in the SPSS environment. The significance level was set at 0.01.
the behavioral interventions method, i.e. muscle relaxation and systematic desensitization, significantly improved sleep quality of the pregnant women in the experimental group, as compared with those in the control group.
disturbance in sleep quality is one of the most prevalent psychological problems observed among pregnant women in the third trimester of pregnancy, hence behavioral interventions and training is suggested to be considered as a drug-free, low cost, and very suitable method for improvement of sleep quality.

According to a popular Iranian belief, Camphor can not only suppress libido but also decrease the function of the reproductive system. In this regard, this study was conducted to evaluate the role of Camphor in the number of embryos in mice.
In this study, 40 male and 80 female albino mice, weighing 30-35 g, were randomly divided into 8 groups, including a control group, a sham group that received the vehicle only (olive oil), and six experimental groups that received Camphor. Three experimental groups received camphor by p.o. (gavage) and the other three experimental groups received camphor by i.p. (intraperitioneal) in doses of 10, 20, and 40 mg/kg for 15 days. Mating was confirmed after coupling a male with a female mouse. Vaginal plaque was also considered for mating. Embryos were examined during the period of gestation.
The mean number of embryos in control, sham, and received Camphor (10, 20, and 40 mg/Kg) by o. p. were 9.7 ± 4.6, 7.3 ± 4.3, 9.9 ±4.7, 8.6 ± 5.2, and 8.3 ±4.8, respectively. The mean number of embryo in received Camphor (10, 20, and 40 mg/Kg) by i. p. were 7.6 ± 5.4, 8.3 ± 3.4, and 7.3 ± 6.2, respectively. There were no significant differences in the number of embryos between control, sham, and experimental groups in both groups.
Further investigations with more focus on the effect of Camphor on sexual behavior in mice need to be carried out.

Azoospermia is the most challenging issue associated with infertility treatment. The aim of this study was to re-examine the relationship between plasma levels of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) with testicular pathology in azoospermic infertile men visiting the infertility clinic in north of Iran.
Fifty eligible azoospermic infertile men who had the medical indication of testicular biopsy for sperm retrieval in infertility clinic were included in the study. Plasma FSH and LH were measured by immunoassay. Then a bilateral testicular biopsy using Bouin’s solution as a fixative was performed under local anesthesia. The One-way analysis of variance was used to assess the differences between the groups.
The plasma levels of FSH (p=0.0001) and LH (p=0.044) among infertile men with Sertoli-cell-only syndrome was significantly higher than those with hypospermatogenesis. Also, the plasma levels of FSH among infertile men with maturation arrest was significantly higher than those with hypospermatogenesis (p=0.003). There were no statistically significant differences in plasma LH levels between hypospermatogenesis and maturation arrest.
The findings of the present study indicated that the plasma levels of FSH and LH among infertile men with azoospermia testis correlated with the histopathological features. Therefore, it is necessary to emphasize the fact that azoospermic cases with highly-elevated plasma FSH and LH levels could be excluded from separate testicular biopsy as they are not suitable cases for conventional treatments.

Cerebral Venous Thrombosis (CVT) is very rare. The most frequent risk factor for young women is the use of oral contraceptives.
A seventeen-year-old girl who had come down with a sudden onset of severe headaches, nausea, vomiting, and double vision referred to the emergency ward. She had been receiving combined oral contraceptive pill (OCP) in the past ten days for menometrorrhagia treatment. Computed Tomography (CT scan) proved normal, whereas Magnetic Resonance Venography (MRV) revealed evidence of sagittal sinus thrombosis and the patient was, as a result, treated with heparin. The patient's symptoms abated and the recovery began 48 hours after warfarin had been initiated. In five days, the patient was discharged with a good general health and without a headache or double vision.
Use of OCP is a major risk factor for CVT. In cases of headache in women taking OCPs, CVT should be considered among differential diagnoses. Physicians should take into account history of CVT and its risk factors when administering OCPs, and should inform patients of its symptoms.