مجله پرستاری گروه های آسیب پذیر
سال چهارم شماره 1 (پیاپی 10، بهار 1396)

There is a relationship between obesity and inactivity with increases the risk of type 2 diabetes. Type 2 diabetes as the most common endocrine disease is exists.
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of 8-week aerobic interval exercise on adiponectin, Hemoglobin A1c and insulin resistance in elderly men with Type 2 Diabetes.
In this semi-experimental study that was done in Bojnourd city in 1395 year, 24 overweight male patients with type II diabetes mellitus using by the convenience sampling method. They were none randomly categorized into two equal groups: experimental (n=12) and control (n=12), the experimental group, the volunteers participated in 8 weeks interval aerobic training (5 days/week with 30-45 min duration with 65-70% HRR per session). Data were analyzed using paired and independent sample t-test for comparison of means within and between groups respectively, with level of significance set at p≤0.05.
The mean age and body mass index of subject’s 63.12±1.98 year, 29.04±4.03 kg/m2 respectively. The results show that the levels of Adiponectin increased from 1.38 to 1.48 ng/ml significantly (p=0.04). The levels of Hemoglobin A1c from 7.62 to 7.05 % (p=0.001), insulin from 24.96 to 23.36 IU (p=0.03) FBS from 150.83 to 147.58 mg/dl (p=0.001) and insulin resistance index from 1.67 to 1.53 IU (p=0.007) in aerobic interval training reduced significantly. The average differences in the Adiponectin, Hemoglobin A1c, FBS, insulin and insulin resistance between experimental and control groups have a statistically significant.
Eight weeks of aerobic interval training, can to maintain good health as proper exercise protocol used in these patients. It is recommended that new training protocols and a variety of others, especially at the elderly and vulnerable to be investigated.

Maintaining a stable and adequate sleep pattern is associated with the patients’ health promotion. The incidence of sleep disturbance and an abnormal sleepwake cycle is high among patients in intensive care units. Sleep disorders are affected by a series of intrinsic and extrinsic factors.
The present study assessed the sleep-related factors in patients admitted to the coronary care units of Shahid Rajai Heart Center.
This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on 175 patients (male: 133, female: 42) in coronary care units of Shahid Rajai Heart Center, Iran, in 2014. Data were collected using the Sleep-affecting Factors Questionnaire and then analyzed in SPSS 20.
The mean age of the participants was 47.85±12.26 years. Based on the viewpoints of patients in cardiac care units, the most significant factors affecting their sleep were pain (38.8%) and concern for being far from family (38.1%) in the domain of personal factors (physical and psychological dimensions); uncomfortable mattress (32.1%) in the domain of environmental factors; praying (5.2%) in the domain of sleep habits; and being monitored (21.6%) in the domain of care. According to the patients in the critical coronary care unit, the most important factors affecting their sleep were dyspnea (52.2%) and concern over physical disability (51.2%) in the domain of personal factors (physical and psychological dimensions); uncomfortable mattress (46.3%) in the domain of environmental factors; listening to music (9.8%) in the domain of sleep habits; and being monitored (56.1%) in the domain of care factors.
Personal factors (physical and psychological) had the greatest effect on patient's sleep. Considering the importance of sleep for the recovery process, health care centers must take measures to reduce the impact of these factors on patient's sleep.

Music therapy is a complementary treatment used for many diseases. Since hemodialysis causes existential, emotional, psychological, and spiritual problems in patients, the present study aimed to compare the effects of listening to Quran and instrumental music on the spiritual health of hemodialysis patients.
This present quasi–experimental study with a two-group design recruited 40 hemodialysis patients visiting the hemodialysis ward of Imam Hassan Mojtaba Hospital, Darab, Iran, in 2015. Patients were selected through convenience sampling and randomly allocated to two groups: Quran and music. Patients in the two intervention groups listened to Quran or music via speakers for one month. The two groups completed the Paloutzian and Ellison’s Spiritual Well-being Scale before and immediately after the intervention, and the data were analyzed in SPSS 19 using paired- and independent sample t-tests.
The mean of spiritual health after intervention in the Quran and music groups was respectively 102±5.79 and 51.20±6.27, showing a significant difference (P=0.0001). The spiritual health of patients in the Quran group was improved from a moderate to a high level.
We recommend listening to the Holy Quran in order to enhance spiritual health and, thus, quality of life in hemodialysis patients

Fatigue is a common complaint among patients who undergo hemodialysis, affecting their physical, mental, emotional, and cognitive states.
The purpose of this study was to measure fatigue and the factors affecting it in patients with chronic renal failure undergoing hemodialysis.
This descriptive-analytical was conducted in Yazd and Gonabad, Iran, in 2013. A total of 90 patients undergoing hemodialysis were selected using convenience sampling. Data were collected with a demographic information questionnaire and the Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS) and analyzed using descriptive and analytical statistics in SPSS 14.
The mean age of the subjects was 56.83±16.13 years. Mean fatigue in the total sample was 6.2±2.35, and 97/8% of subjects suffered from severe fatigue. As the level of education decreased and age and number of children increased, fatigue significantly increased (p Given the high prevalence of fatigue in patients, it is necessary for health care providers to know how to determine fatigue and the factors affecting it. Moreover, training is required for improving health and quality of care.

Women criminals make up a small but rising group of prisoners whose health needs assessment has been neglected in most societies.
The aim of this study was to compare the mental health of female prisoners and non-prisoners in Urmia, Iran, in 2016.
This descriptive-analytical study recruited 300 women (150 prisoners and 150 nonprisoners). We employed the GHQ-28 questionnaire and a researcher-made demographic questionnaire to evaluate mental health. The data were analyzed in SPSS 16.
The mean age of the women in this study was 33.42 ± 9.9 years. The results showed that the total score and four subscales of mental health were significantly lower in female prisoners than non-prisoners. In both groups, the least and most frequent mental disorders were depression (3.54±3.42) and social functioning (10.35±5.06), respectively.
Women prisoners are a vulnerable social group whose mental health is lower than that of other women. Therefore, women's mental health requires further attention from prison officials.

More than 14 million infants die in the first year of life, and diarrhea is the major cause of mortality among these infants.
This study aimed to compare the health behaviors of mothers of infants under 1 year with diarrhea and other infants in pediatric wards.
This descriptive-analytical study recruited 246 infants under one year old hospitalized in the pediatric ward (123 infants with diarrhea and 123 without diarrhea). We collected the data using a questionnaire consisting of two parts: demographic information and health behaviors. To determine the face and content validity of the questionnaire, we surveyed 10 faculty members. Test-retest reliability was checked by a pilot study on 25 patients in each group. Data were analyzed using frequency (percentage), mean, standard deviation (SD), and range. As the health behavior variable was non-normal, we performed chi-squared, Mann-Whitney U, and Kruskal -Wallis test in SPSS 19, with the significance level of 0.05
In this study, 123 infants with diarrhea had the mean age of 8.16 months and the standard deviation of 2.65 and 123 infants with other diseases had the mean age of 6.24 months and SD of 3.30. Results showed that there was no significant relationship between demographic information and the incidence of disease in infants. The health behavior score was 16.8 (SD: 2.39) in the group with diarrhea and 17.3 (SD: 2.06) in the group without diarrhea, indicating no significant difference in these infants’ health behaviors.
Given the lack of a significant difference in health behaviors among these children, we conclude the positive and negative aspects of mothers’ health behavior and can attempt to increase general knowledge, especially the mothers’ health behaviors.