فهرست مطالب
Asian Journal of Sports Medicine
Volume:8 Issue: 2, Jun 2017
- تاریخ انتشار: 1396/05/10
- تعداد عناوین: 9
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Page 1BackgroundThe Trans theoretical model (TTM) is developed as a framework for understanding the process of behavior changes. It is known as the most popular approach for promoting exercise behavior. The main objective of this study is to determine the relationship between regular physical activity and TTM components among members of municipality councils in selected districts of Tehran.MethodsThis quasi-experimental research with non-equivalent control groups was conducted as a cross-sectional study with 207 members of municipality councils at districts 17 and 20 of Tehran. Data gathering instruments included: demographic; physical activity stage of change; processes of change (researcher-made); self-efficacy, and decisional balance questionnaires. Reliability, and construct validity were evaluated through appropriate statistical procedures. To analyze the data, applied statistical tests such as: chi-square, regression, Pearson correlation coefficient and ANOVA were performed using SPSS 22 software.ResultsThe level of physical activity of municipality councils members were: 43.5%, 12.1%, and 44.4% at low, moderate, and appropriate activity levels, respectively. The results showed that 18.9, 15.9, 10.1, 24.7and 30.4 percent of municipality councils members were in the pre contemplation, contemplation, preparation, operation and maintenance stages consequently. The stages of change could predict physical activity in the municipality councils (PConclusionsAlthough, 43.5% of municipality councils members did not have any intention of performing physical activities in the next six months, it is important to them to recognize the need for physical activity as the main behavior to increase physical and mental health and to be in the maintenance stage of their physical activity behavior. According to the most important predicting components in this study, educational intervention must be focused on in order to increase the effectiveness of the programs to promote municipality councils physical activity.Keywords: Physical Activity, Transtheoretical Models, Educational, Municipality Councils
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Page 2BackgroundA session of resistance training (RT) will lead to metabolic and inflammatory changes. The aim of this study is to investigate metabolic and inflammatory changes in trained and untrained men.MethodsTwenty-eight young healthy men (14 trained and 14 untrained people) participated in this present study. To assess metabolic and inflammatory responses and muscle damage, blood samples were gathered before, immediately and 1 hour after training.ResultsThe percentage of muscle mass and baseline CK activity were significantly greater within the trained than the untrained group. After conducting a RT session, there was a significant reduction in insulin concentration and resistance within the two groups and in blood glucose only within the untrained group. In addition, RT was also associated with an increase in muscle damage biomarkers, CK, and LDH after training. Unlike CK, the activity of LDH was reduced during 1 hour of training (PConclusionsThe results of this study have shown that a RT session causes metabolic and inflammatory changes. The inflammatory response is significantly greater among subjects within the untrained group. Moreover, blood pressure response was also greater within the untrained group, which is directly related to the training intensity. However, there were no significant differences in metabolic responses and muscle damages between the trained and untrained subjects.Keywords: Inflammation, Cytokine, Exercise, Resistance Training, Single Bout
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Page 3BackgroundEating disorder inventory (EDI) is a self-reported questionnaire which has been used widely for the assessment of symptoms in clinical samples and research.ObjectivesIn the current study we sought to evaluate the validity and reliability of the Persian form of the 3rd variant of EDI (EDI-3) questionnaire.Methods452 individuals (299 women and 153 men) completed the EDI-3 questionnaire. The translation and back-translation procedure was adopted to provide the Iranian form of the questionnaire. A voluntary response sample of university students among different departments completed the survey in Tehran, Iran. Psychometric aspects of the instrument such as reliability (test-retest analysis and internal consistency), validity (a comparison of known groups) and item correlation with their speculated domain were evaluated.ResultsThe mean age of participants was 22.31 ± 3.30 and 22.43 ± 4.41 in men and women group respectively. Generally, the questionnaire demonstrated satisfactory reliability and all domains yield the minimal reliability standards (intra- class correlation and Cronbachs alpha > 0.6), unless asceticism and interpersonal alienation in both women and men (Cronbachs alpha for two items in both groups wereConclusionsThe current study has yielded some introductory proof of the reliability and validity of the EDI-3 to be applied in Iran, albeit additional research is needed to carry out discriminant or convergent (concurrent) validation procedures in eating disorder patients.Keywords: Validity, Reliability, Eating Disorder, Inventory 3, Iranian
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Page 4BackgroundUnderstanding fatigue effects on kicking technique with both legs would allow coaches to design soccer-specific training programs.ObjectivesThe purpose of the present study was to examine whether fatigue effects on soccer kick kinematics would differ between the preferred and the non-preferred leg.MethodsTen adult amateur male players (age: 24.5 ± 5.8 yrs; height: 179.2 ± 4.3 cm; mass: 79.3 ± 5.4 kg; training age: 11.5 ± 2.9 yrs) performed two instep kicks with their preferred and non-preferred leg prior to and after running on a treadmill till exhaustion. Three-dimensional kinematics were collected pre and post-fatigue.ResultsAnalysis of variance indicated a statistically significant decline in ball speed after fatigue for both legs (PConclusionsSoccer kick performance declined after fatigue and this reduction was higher for the non-preferred leg compared to preferred leg performance. These findings indicate the need for specific exercises during the training process in order to reduce the effects of fatigue, especially for the non-preferred leg.Keywords: Fatigue, Soccer, Kinematics, Performance
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Page 5BackgroundGhrelin is an orexigenic gut hormone that induces food intake and produces a positive energy balance. Exercise can influence ghrelin levels. The effects of exercises on serum ghrelin level are conflicting.ObjectivesTo evaluate the effect of military training on fasting serum acylated ghrelin (active form of ghrelin).MethodsA pretest-posttest design study was performed on 41 healthy lean males who were sedentary before their recruitment. Their fasting serum acylated ghrelin and glucose, weight, waist circumference and hunger were determined at baseline and after completing 4 weeks of military training.ResultsSerum acylated ghrelin and glucose significantly increased (both PConclusionsFour weeks military training increases fasting acylated ghrelin level independent of changes in weight or waist circumference. We suggest that ghrelin increases to counterbalance the exercise-induced negative energy balance.Keywords: Orexigenic Gut Hormone, Lean Males, Acylated Ghrelin
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Page 6BackgroundIdentification of genetic markers is one of the priority trends to perform in athletes for evaluation of their efficacy. Previous studies have revealed that CK-MM may be used as a valuable marker to reflect the magnitude of skeletal muscle destruction in response to exercise.ObjectivesIn this study we analyzed the frequency of rs8111989CK-MM polymorphism in karatekas to find whether there is a difference among professional, amateur athletes and non- karatekas.MethodsDistribution of allele and genotype frequencies of the muscle specific creatine kinase (CK-MM) gene A/G polymorphism was assessed in a survey among 275 athletes residing in state of Isfahan (86 professional karatekas (43 male and 43 female) and 86 amateur karatekas (50 male and 36 female) and 103 non-athlete individuals (50 male and 53 female). Blood samples were taken and genotyping was performed by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) approach. Statistical analyses carried out using SPSS software and data with PResultsThe CK-MM AG genotype frequency was significantly higher in professional and amateur karate athletes and control subjects (AG genotype: 52.4% vs. AA genotype: 33.4%; GG genotype: 14.1%; χ2 = 16.79, PConclusionsThe CK-MM gene A/G polymorphism is associated with the physical performance levels of karatekas.Keywords: Amateur Karatekas, CK-MM, Polymorphism, Professional Karatekas
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Page 7BackgroundAlthough physical activity is necessary, but not performed by most hypertensive individuals. One of the most common theoretical frameworks used for understanding health behaviour change is the trans-theoretical model.ObjectivesThis study was conducted to evaluate the effect of a trans-theoretical model based intervention on physical activity in hypertensive patients.MethodsWe conducted a randomized clinical trial among 60 hypertensive patients (31 experimental and 29 control). Participants in experimental group received a fast walking intervention based on a trans-theoretical model. Physical activity stages of change, processes of change, frequency, duration and intensity of walking were measured at the onset, 3 and 6 months post-intervention. The data was analyzed using SPSS 22 software.ResultsAt 3 and 6 months post-intervention a significant difference was observed between the experimental and control groups for physical activity stages of change, processes of change, duration and intensity of walking (PConclusionsThis study suggests that trans-theoretical model based intervention in hypertensive patients play important roles in an individuals commitment to participate in physical activity.Keywords: Trans-Theoretical Model, Education, Physical Activity, Hypertension
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Page 8BackgroundBasketball is one of the most popular sports in the world. However, mens national teams of Asian countries have not performed well at world-level competitions such as Olympic and world cup games. Clarifying the feature of Asian basketball games would be some help to improve the competitiveness of Asian teams.ObjectivesThis study aimed to identify game-related statistics which discriminate between winning and losing teams in Asian mens basketball competitions. In addition, European competitions were also analyzed and the results were compared between Asian and European competitions.MethodsA total of 179 games from the 2011, 2013 and 2015 FIBA Asia Championships were analyzed for Asian competitions, and a total of 259 games from the 2011, 2013 and 2015 FIBA EuroBasket were analyzed for European competitions. All games were classified into three types (balanced, unbalanced and very unbalanced) according to point differential. A discriminant analysis was performed to identify game-related statistics which discriminate between winning and losing teams.ResultsIn European competitions, 76% of the games were classified into balanced games and none of the games was classified into very unbalanced games. In Asian competitions, on the other hand, only 48% of the games were classified into balanced games and 15% of the games were classified into very unbalanced games. In balanced games, defensive rebounds and assists discriminated between winning and losing teams in Asian competitions whereas defensive rebounds did so in European competitions. In unbalanced games, successful 2-point field goals, defensive rebounds and assists discriminated between winning and losing teams in both Asian and European competitions.ConclusionsAsian competitions had higher proportions of unbalanced and very unbalanced games than European competitions. However, a discriminant analysis, which was performed independently for each type of game, showed similar results between Asian and European competitions. The only difference was observed in balanced games assists which discriminated between winning and losing teams in Asian competitions but not in European competitions.Keywords: Athletic Performance, Basketball, Discriminant Analysis, Sports
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Page 9BackgroundGreen tea contains polyphenol catechins that has been shown to be beneficial to health owing to its antioxidant properties.ObjectivesThis study investigated the effects of a 14-day ingestion of green tea extract (GTE) on biomarkers of oxidative stress in obese men undergoing resistance exercise (RE).MethodsIn a randomized, double-blind, placebo (PL)-controlled, crossover study, ten obese men (age 37.12 ± 5.66 y; height 177 ± 7.7 cm; BMI 32.53 ± 2.52) performed two RE protocols consisting of 3 sets of 6 exercises to exhaustion at 75% of one repetition maximum (1RM) and 2 minute rests between sets, after 14 days of 500 mg of GTE (two capsules per day) or 500 mg PL (two capsules per day) supplementation. Blood samples were collected before (PRE) and immediately after (POST) RE and analyzed for oxidative biomarkers including lipid peroxidation (8-iso PGF2α) and oxidative DNA damage (8-OHdG).ResultsOur results showed that a 14-day GTE supplementation did not change lipid peroxidation (P > 0.05); also, no significant alterations for 8-iso PGF2α between GTE and PL treatments after RE were observed (P > 0.05). However, 14-day GTE supplementation significantly reduced oxidative DNA damage as measured by 8-OHdG after RE compared to PL (PConclusionsThe results of this study demonstrated that 14-day supplementation of GTE significantly prevented oxidative DNA damage induced by RE in untrained obese men. However, the potential effects of GTE on oxidative stress after RE in obese people warrants further investigation.Keywords: Green Tea Extract, Oxidative DNA Damage, Lipid Peroxidation