فهرست مطالب

Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics - Volume:2 Issue: 3, Summer 2016

Journal of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics
Volume:2 Issue: 3, Summer 2016

  • تاریخ انتشار: 1395/12/17
  • تعداد عناوین: 8
|
  • Azadeh Aminianfar, Ahmad Esmaillzadeh Pages 1-2
  • Leila Khorrami, Nezhad, Sajjad Moradi, Azadeh Dehghan, Zahra Veysi, Mirsaeed Yekaninejad, Zhila Maghbooli, Khadijeh Mirzaei Pages 3-11
    Introduction
    Bone discordance is new challenge in order to diagnosis of osteoporosis especially among postmenopausal women, there are many causes have been proposed for occurrence of this phenomenon.
    Objective
    This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of major dietary pattern on bone discordance.
    Design:Cross-sectional study Settings: The volunteer had completed demographic data. Dietary intake was assessed with a 147- item food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Dietary patterns were created by factor analysis from 25 food groups. Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) was performed on the lumbar (L2-L4) and hip for cases.
    Subjects: We designed a cross-sectional survey of 258 postmenopausal women From June 2015 to February 2016.
    Results
    Three major dietary patterns were identified by using factor analysis based on baseline intake data: Unhealthy, Mediterranean and Western diet. After analysis we found 53.4% were concordance and 42.8% (4% were in the major discordance group) of participants were discordance. We found discordance group were younger, and obese participants were more talented to be in the major discordance group. We found inversely relationship between unhealthy dietary pattern and hip and lumbar Z score, while there was positive relationship between Mediterranean dietary pattern and hip BMD. No associations were found between dietary pattern and bone discordance.
    Conclusions
    This study concluded that bone discordance was directly related to obesity in other words, and obese and younger women were at risk of bone discordance. Unhealthy and Mediterranean dietary pattern were negatively and positively related to bone density among postmenopausal women. This study showed, there was no association between any bone discordance situation and dietary pattern.
    Keywords: dietary pattern, bone discordance, unhealthy pattern, Mediterranean pattern, postmenopausal women
  • Azadeh Amininfar, Fereydoun Siassi, Mostafa Qorbani, Fariba Koohdani, Reza Daryabeygi, Khotbesara, Ileyar Yamrali, Farahnaz Khajehnasiri, Farideh Doostan, Gity Sotoudeh Pages 12-20
    Objective
    To evaluate the association of breakfast intake with micro and macro nutrients intake, dietary diversity score (DDS), food group consumption and body mass index (BMI) in girl students.
    Research Methods & Procedures: A total of 384 female students (aged 15 to 19 years) were recruited from high-schools of Tehran using stratified sampling. Information regarding frequency of breakfast consumption was collected by asking questions on a three-point scale of “always”, “sometimes” and “never”. Physical activity and DDS were measured by International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ), Dietary Diversity Questionnaire (FAO-2013), respectively. In addition, weight, height and waist circumference (WC) were measured and body mass index (BMI) was calculated as weight (kg) per height squared (m2).
    Results
    In the present study, 49.5% of girls always consumed breakfast; 34.4% sometimes and 16.1% never consumed breakfast. Skipping breakfast was significantly associated with higher BMI and weight dissatisfaction (p≤0.05). Adolescents who were daily consumers of breakfast had higher intake of energy and carbohydrate (p˂0.05). They had also higher intake of saturated fatty acids, cholesterol, linoleic acid, folate, manganese and fluoride after adjustment for energy intake (p˂0.05). After adjustment for energy and BMI, DDS was significantly higher for adolescents with daily breakfast consumption compared to other groups(p=0.03). Further, percentage of participants consuming egg, milk and dairy, fruits and vegetables rich in vitamin A was higher in daily breakfast eaters compared to other groups (p˂0.05).
    Conclusion
    Eating breakfast may associate with higher diet quality as well as weight control in female adolescents.
    Keywords: Breakfast intake, Adolescence, Dietary Diversity Score, BMI, Weight satisfaction
  • Naseh Pahlavani, Faezeh Askari, Mostafa Hemamy, Mahsa Jessri, Mehdi Kardust Parizi, Bahram Rashidkhani Pages 21-27
    Background
    Red/processed meats are suggested to increase risk of prostate cancer (PCa). We examined the link between unprocessed red meat, processed meat, fish and poultry consumption with risk of PCa.
    Methods
    In this hospital based, case–control study, a total of 50 patients with prostate cancer and 100 controls underwent face-to-face interviews. Regression analysis, were used to examine the relation between unprocessed red meat, processed meat, fish and poultry consumption and risk of PCa.
    Results
    We observed a significant positive association between consumption of total meat and risk of PCa (above median vs. below median: OR = 4.6, 95%CI 1.7-12.5). A significant positive association between organ meat (above median vs. below median: OR=3.1, 95%CI =1.3-7.6) and processed meat (above median vs. below median: OR=2.5, 95%CI =1.0-6.1) and risk of PCa was observed (p
    Conclusions
    The results of the present study suggest that high consumption of processed meat and organ meat might be positively associated with an increased risk of PCa in Iranian men. Furthermore, fish consumption might be a protective factor for PCa in Iranian men.
    Keywords: prostate cancer, meat, fish, poultry, case control study
  • Amir Shayganrad, Nader Shakeri, Farshad Ghazalian Pages 28-33
    Objectives
    The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) supplementation on lactate dehydrogenase, creatine kinase and total antioxidant capacity after a session of exhaustive strength exercise.
    Method
    Twenty four men rock climbers aged 27 to 37 from Tehran province were randomly assigned to two groups of 12 subjects (amino acids, placebo). Five ml of blood was taken from all subjects in three stages: 30 post-exercise hours post-exercise. The subjects participated in a session of intense physical activity (70% repetition maximum resistance movements) and then the supplementation group received BCAA at the rate 6 g per day for 14 days. The placebo group received Maltodextrin capsules during this time. A day after completing the course, the subjects were once again present in the same location as the one in the pre-test and post-test was performed on all subjects. An independent t test at p
    Results
    The results showed that the use of BCAA has a significant impact on creatine kinase and lactate dehydrogenase before, immediately, and 24 hours post-exercise (p>0.05), but it has no significant impact on total antioxidant capacity (p
    Conclusion
    According to the results, it can be said that BCAA may be useful in reducing the release of lactate dehydrogenase enzymes and creatine kinase.
    Keywords: Branched-Chain amino acids, Lactate dehydrogenase, Creatine kinase, total anti-oxidant
  • Atefeh Hasaninasab, Alireza Esteghamati, Kamal Azam, Somaye Yosaee, Nahal Habibi, Kurosh Djafarian Pages 34-39
    Regarding the considerable role of oxidative stress in different diseases including metabolic syndrome; various changes in metabolic syndrome patients namely increased visceral fat and blood lipid profile, insulin resistance, and impaired glucose tolerance affected by oxidative stress can subsequently cause changes in serum total antioxidant capacity. This study aimed to determine the differences in plasma total antioxidant capacity between metabolic syndrome patients and those without metabolic syndrome with normal weight, overweight and obesity. A case-control study was carried out among 146 men and women (aged 20-55 years) in Endocrinology Center of Tehran University of Medical Sciences. The case group included overweight/obese subjects with metabolic syndrome and the two control groups were weight-matched subjects without metabolic syndrome and normal weight subjects without metabolic syndrome. Total antioxidant capacity was determined using colorimetric method. Waist circumference and total antioxidant capacity of case group were significantly higher than that of both control groups (p
    Keywords: BMI, metabolic syndrome, oxidative stress, total antioxidant capacity
  • Mojtaba Shafiee, Mahmoud Belghaisi, Naseri, Najmeh Seifi, Seyed Mostafa Arabi, Abdolreza Norouzy Pages 40-45
    Background
    Disease related malnutrition (DRM) has been an important problem in all health care settings for many years and is associated with an increased risk of adverse clinical outcomes. Nutritional interventions with ONS are associated with fewer numbers of hospital admissions and shorter duration of hospital stay.
    Objective
    The objective of the present study was to investigate the knowledge and attitude of medical specialists regarding ONS prescribing practices.
    Methods
    A total sample of 120 medical specialists were recruited from two hospitals in northeastern Iran. Sixty medical specialists from Imam Reza Hospital and sixty medical specialists from Ghaem Hospital were randomly selected. A questionnaire was administered by face-to-face interview to each participant.
    Results
    Only a small number of medical specialists reported the use of screening tools to ascertain whether a patient requires ONS. Both medical specialists in Imam Reza (44%) and Ghaem (36.8%) hospitals reported increased prescription of ONS in recent years. Only 38.5% of the medical specialists said that they would monitor the patient after prescribing ONS. Only 32.9% of medical specialists stated that they have received training on use of ONS in the past. Around 41% of medical specialists stated that they have no idea about the calorie content of a standard 200 mL carton of ONS.
    Conclusion
    The results of the present study raise concerns regarding the appropriateness of current ONS transcriptions among hospitalized patients. Therefore, there is a need for targeted educational interventions for medical specialists in order to promote the use of ONS in hospitalized patients.
    Keywords: Oral nutritional supplements, Medical specialists, Knowledge, Attitude
  • Masoud Khorshidi, Sakineh Shab, Bidar, Hamed Kord, Varkaneh, Kurosh Djafarian Pages 46-51
    Background
    Several studies have investigated the effect of quericitn supplementation on serum C - reactive protein (CRP). However, results were inconsistent. This systematic review and meta-analysis was designed to assess the effect of quercetin supplementation on CRP levels in randomize control trials (RCTs).
    Method
    We searched PubMed and Scopus up to July 2016 to identify RCTs investigating the effect of quercetin on serum CRP. Meta-analysis was performed using either a fixed-effects or random-effect model according to I² statistic. Weighted mean differences (WMDs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated for net changes in CRP levels.
    Results
    Seven trials with eight data sets and 346 participants met the inclusion criteria. There was no significant differences for CRP reduction between subjects with quercetin supplementation and placebo control [WMD, 0.01 mg/L; 95% CI: -0.18 to 0.21, p =0.88] with significant heterogeneity (I²=48.9%; p=0.05). Subgroup analyses showed that dose, duration and country were not the potential sources of heterogeneity.
    Conclusion
    Our results suggest that quercetin supplementation does not reduce serum CRP. Further large and well-designed studies are necessary to confirm this conclusion.
    Keywords: Quercitin, C-reactive protein, Meta-analysis