فصلنامه راهبرد
پیاپی 83 (تابستان 1396)

The integration of information systems in e-government is faced with barriers in Iran. These barriers are divided into human, technical, organizational and strategic categories. The research community includes the educated members of information and science departments and also the e-government administrators. However, sampling was not accomplished for a limited population .Kolmogroff-Smirnoff test was applied to measure the normality of the variables. In conclusion, we used one sample T-test to study the variables position, but for measuring the gap between the medium of the main variables and their dimensions among academics and elite, independent t-test was applied. After the hypotheses investigation, Freedman test and SPSS 20 software were applied for ranking the information system dimensions. In the analysis of the research questionnaire, we used factor analysis test to explore the main dimensions of the designed construct to measure the variables. Factor analysis (CFA) using Liserel was used to explain the components impact reflecting the integration barriers of e-government. In the research population, only 134 persons filled in the questionnaires. The result shows that the strategic factor is the main barrier (57 percent), political and technical barriers (54 and 45 percent each), and the human and designing barriers (45 and 35 percent) respectively, are the most significant in determining the system integration of e- government

Evaluation of policy measures aims at improving the implementation of policy and outcomes. This article tries to use Marsh and McConnell’s framework to evalvate public policy on subsidies. It is a three-dimensional framework with process, program, and political dimensions. To achieve this goal, it has conducted a survey to explore the views of 70 experts through interviews and questionnaires. The results show that this policy, from the process dimension viewpoint, was not successful. Also in the opinion of the experts, government couldn’t achieve any of its targeted objectives in the short-term. And finally the evaluation of political dimension indicates that subsidies cannot lead to the increased levels of political popularity in the short-term. Also, some environmental factors and international restrictions governing the domestic economy as well as the currency crisis have played a significant role. Finally, some solutions are presented for streamlining this policy, they have been extracted from the views expressed by experts in the interviews

The main goal of this article is evaluating the impact of missile technology developments on Iran’s security- defense strategy. The Middle East security environment and major changes in great and regional powers attitudes toward Iran have influenced the security strategy of this country and have led to change in its defense policy by reinforcing military and missile capabilities. In this area, Iran’s main endeavor has been to localize the technology. In later decades, especially after the war with Iraq, Iranian missile experts have focused on the quality and quantity of the missile technology. The main criteria in the development of missile systems are the range and accuracy of missiles. The question that this article is trying to answer is what are the impacts of the missile technology developments on Iran security– defense strategy? As a hypothesis, this article argues that Iran’s missile capabilities in terms of range and accuracy have led to change in Iran’s security– defense strategy from frontier deterrence to regional deterrence

Economic growth in all the countries depends on various factors, so in empirical studies with regard to the purpose and view of the researcher, different explanatory variables are used in the economic growth model. Due to the importance of tourism industry in the growth and prosperity of countries, studying the relationship between international tourism and economic growth is the main purpose of this article. On the other hand, based on existing theories and previous studies, information and communication technology (ICT), financial development and energy consumption are effective on economic growth and the relationship between economic growth and international tourism, so we have investigated the impact of these variables on the international tourism and economic growth nexus. In order to achieve the research goals, augmented Solow growth model and vector autoregressive distributed lag bounds test method were used for modeling and estimating equations during the period of 1353 to 1391.Results indicate that international tourism, energy consumption, and ICT have a positive and significant effect on economic growth in the long and short run. The estimation of causality confirmed the existence of causality of all of these variable to economic growth. Also, the results show that the impact of variables on international tourism such as economic growth, ICT, financial development and energy consumption are positive but it is not significant. So the causal relationship between these variable doesn’t exist and we can not accept the impact of ICT, financial development and energy consumption on international tourism and economic growth nexus.

Defense diplomacy is a part of nation’s policy which is used as an important tool to achieve the main goals of armed forces. The creation of favorable political, national and international conditions to maintain and extend the national and vital values of the country to counter present and potential enemies is the main goal of defense diplomacy. In the current situation, defense diplomacy is considered a means of the identification and legitimation of national strategy. So, this article tries to assess the strategy of the defense diplomacy of the Islamic Republic of Iran in current situation to help authorities to understand the weaknesses and strengths of the Islamic Republic of Iran’s defense diplomacy. The type of research design is cross-sectional with mixed method (quantitative and qualitative data collected through responses to a questionnaire and interview on the subject). Findings and inferences show that the Islamic Republic of Iran's defense diplomacy is not satisfactory. The results of this research can contribute to the formulation of the defense diplomacy of the Islamic Republic of Iran

Existing political currents in every political system are considered important and influential phenomena in the history and developments of societies. For this reason, knowing the current situation, the future and factors influencing them are of great importance. Future studies aims at analyzing designing and shaping the future. Given the extension of future studies to the various fields of political and social life, this article tries to study some scenarios for political currents in Iran in 2025. To do this, we used the uncertainty matrix method. First, we put forward the most important driver forces affecting political currents in Iran in different areas, then we selected the most influential driver forces based on interviews with experts, as the main driver forces of political currents. Finally, we wrote scenarios accordingly. The findings of research suggest that given the two important uncertainties of "leader" and "people", four scenarios for the future of pilitical currents in Iran could be envisaged that the first of them could be considered the most desirable. In this regard, neglecting unifying elements and challenging and threatening domestic and foreign factors could undermine the desirable future for political currents in Iran and challenge the future of the Islamic revolation and the Islamic Republic of Iran

Aim: the aim of this study is to provide a systematic and paradigmatic model of the development of scientific diplomacy based on interviews with experts and officials involved in the field of science and technology and diplomacy.
this study is based on a management strategy with a grounded and autonomous approach to scientific diplomacy and follows the model of development paradigm. To this end, 17 professors, experts and professionals in the field of scientific diplomacy were identified and interviewed. Then, by using data processing concepts, categories of Level 1, Level 2 and Level 3 and a paradigmatic model were extracted.
Findings: by using a grounded approach, different stages of the categories identified in relation to the relevant issues, therefore, the categories of ultimate cause, essential causes, efficient cause, conditions, obstacles, capabilities, inductors and outputs were classified.
given the motives resulted from ultimate causes and exigencies related to the essential causes, the development of scientific diplomacy is considered a critical issue by the authorities in the Islamic Republic of Iran by taking conditions, obstacles and capabilities to depict appropriate inductors. Finally, outputs are indicated as the practical and objective results of the development of scientific diplomacy

Due to the fact that environmental issue is pervasive throughout the world and necessitates a global effort, the authors believe that this area has been neglected in academic research, especially in humanities, while it can significantly contribute to the production of knowledge. Hence, this article tries to offer some background knowledge about enviroment in human sciences. In order to achieve this goal and to become more meaningful, we have drawn upon views expressed by Ruth Wodak. In our belief, her views constitute a theory that stands on its own. She considers each concept as a background with varied functions. Wodak believes that each of these functions have their own genre in the framwork of language, to be used for reasoning. We considered environment as a background, and studied its functions in some human sciences. We also paid attention to reasoning resulted from these functions. Such a strategic approach can create a meaning system for environmental research in humanities. So, we first introduce Wodak’s theory and then present our envisioned concept and the functions of this concept and finally, put forward relevant arguments in the framework of environment.

There are different views among lawyers about the possibility of referring to the articles of the Constitution in the verdicts of the Administrative Justice Court. However, studying the Constitution and laws proves this competency for the court, and the judicial procedure of the Administrative Justice Court in its general board and its branches shows that this interpretation is accepted by the judges of the court. Nevertheless, there are some challenges and problems stated by lawyers about this competency such as: interference of this competency with the authority of the Guardian Council, conflict of this competency with the interpretation of article 138 of the Constitution by the Guardian Council, its conflict with the recent decision of Guardian Council about the Administrative Justice Court law, existing laws enacted by the Expediency Council (given the fact that some of which are inconsistent with the Constitution) and laws enacted before the Islamic revolution. However, rejecting this competency for the Administrative Justice Court leads to the lack of constitutional supervision on the executive regulation and decisions. Finally, while accepting this competency, we should find solutions for above challenges, and this constitutes the approach followed in this article

Today, free zones are a means to enter the global market and to use the comparative advantage of internal economy in international commerce. They can also serve as a catalyst for linking national economy to global economy. Since the geopolitical weight and position of countries in global system have a direct relation to their national power, free zones as semi-independent entities with various economic, industrial, touristic functions, play an important role in increasing national power and geopolitical weight of countries. The main question posed by this article is that whether marine port and free zone of Chabahar has acquired appropriate geopolitical weight to increase national power of the Islamic Republic of Iran? In responding the main question of the research, this hypothesis is put forward that given its unprecedented geopolitical situation, the marine port and free zone of Chabahar, in case of the realization of its development goals, enjoys the three levels of national, regional and global capabilities. At the national level, the development of Chabahar paves the ways for the sustainable and comprehensive development of the deprived, vulnerable and crisis-ridden province of Sistan and Balouchestan. At the regional level, the contiguity of Chabahar with Afghanistan and enclosed republics of Central Asia will make economic exchange and profitable maritime trade much easier, and therefore, it can provide necessary means for convergence among regional countries. The situation of Chabahar in north – south corridor with its many benefits shows the outstanding geopolitical position of Chabahar at the international level. Also, the serious participation of India (at present) and China (in near future) increases the high geopolitical weight and global capabilities of Chabahar.