مجله علمی پزشکی جندی شاپور
سال شانزدهم شماره 2 (پیاپی 107، خرداد و تیر 1396)

Studies have shown that acute exercise can increase serum concentrations of cardiac biomarkers, including brain natriuretic peptide (BNP). The aim of this study was to compare of the effects of two types of acute continuous (CE) and intermittent aerobic exercises (IE) on serum BNP concentration and myocardial workload in sedentary men.
Subjects and Eleven sedentary healthy men aged 22.3±1.9 years completed this semi-experimental study. The study was designed as a crossover trial performed on two distinct experimental days separated by a 1-week washout period. Each session consisted of 40 min of aerobic exercise, either IE (60% of reserve heart rate) or CE (intensity alternating between 50% for 2 min and 80% for 1 min), on a treadmill. Measurement of variables were taken before and immediately after each exercise session.
Serum BNP concentration changes after both types of exercises was not significant (P>0.05) and there was no significant difference in BNP concentration between CE and IE (P=0.21). In addition, myocardial workload increased significantly following both exercise protocols (P=0.001) but there was no significant difference between CE and IE values (P=0.2).
According to the results of this study, there was no difference between intermittent and continuous exercises on serum BNP concentration and both types of exercises imposed the same myocardial workload. Increase in BNP was lower than the upper reference limit for ventricular dysfunction.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the analgesic effect of the hydro-alcoholic extract of Pycnocycla caespitosa as a herbal medicine in comparison with morphine and aspirin.
Subjects and In this study male waster rats weighing in range of 170-200g were used. The hydro-alcoholic extract prepared by ethanol 70% (V/V) using maceration method. Animals divided into eight groups (n=6). The treatment groups received 200, 400, 600 and 800 mg/Kg extract, negative control group received 5ml/Kg normal saline, positive control groups received morphine (2.5mg/Kg) or aspirin (300mg/Kg) and last group received extract(600mg/Kg) and naloxone (1mg/Kg) intraperitonialy respectively After 30 min all groups received 50 μl formalin 2.5% in right hid paw subcutaneously and analgesia behaviors were scored.
Following administration of all doses of the extract produced analgesic effect at all periods of experiment except the first five min in comparison with negative control group. The most effective dose of extract (600mg/kg) and aspirin showed same analgesic effect in first phase of pain and there were no significant differences between extract with morphine and aspirin in phase 2 of pain. Naloxan only reduced the analgesic effect of extract in phase 2 of pain.
It can be concluded that extract may produce it’s analgesic effect through opioid receptors.

A variety of factors have been shown to influence cochlear implant (CI) outcomes, such as age at implantation, residual hearing, the etiology of deafness and duration of hearing loss. This study was conducted to assess the impact of hearing loss duration on hearing performance of CI users.
Subjects and During an analytic cross-sectional study, 70 post-lingual CI recipients (mean age:35.48 ) participated. They were selected from 4 different CI centers in Iran, including Ahvaz, Shiraz, Mashhad and Tehran centers. Hearing performance in patients was evaluated using HISQUI19 questionnaire. For data analysis, CI patients were classified into two groups: less than 20 years duration of hearing loss (group 1) and more than 20 years duration of hearing loss (group 2).
The mean HISQUI19 score was 78.2 ± 21.47, reflecting moderate performance after CI. The mean HISQUI19 score for group 1 and group 2 was 79.36±2.13 and 72.66 ± 2.33, respectively which was not statistically significant (Independent sample t-test, p=0.564).
It seems that duration of hearing loss has not significant effect on hearing performance of postlingually deaf adults after CI.

Effective control of hypertension is essential step for reducing its complications. ThisQuasi-experimental study tested the effectiveness of theory-based educational intervention to improve antihypertensive adherence behavior among elderly patients.
Subject and One hundred and forty older adults who were taking at least 1 antihypertensive medication were randomly divided into intervention and control groups. Intervention-group participants received three 35 min educational sessions based on need assessment and behavioral theory associated with motivational interviewing. Self-administrative questionnaire was used for measuring demographic and psychological variable and anti-hypertension adherence. Data were described using SPSS 17.0 and analyzed by statistical tests such as T test, Mann-Whitney U tests and Wilcoxon.
Average age of participants was 68.15 ± 11.3 y and approximately 55% of patients were female. Average duration of diagnosis of hypertension in patients was 14.8 y. A non-significant difference was noted in baseline regarding outcome variable specially medication adherence (MA) between groups. At the end of the education, the intervention group had significant change in antihypertensive MA than did the control group (P Results showed that theory-based training with motivational interviewing have the potential to improve medication adherence in elderly patients with hypertension.

Human identification playing an important role in forensic medicine. Sex differences from remained human skeletons have been evaluated in many societies but dental investigations were less studied. The aim of this study was to compare mesio-distal diameter of permanent maxillary first and second premolars and first molars by digital bitewing radiography among Iranian men and women.
Subjects and This analytical epidemiological study was carried out on 100 bitewing radiography of patients. Films were digitally scanned and then the magnification was calculated, the mesiodistal diameter of the crown, dentin and mesial diameter and distal diamter of enamel were measured. Data were analyzed using independent sample T test and discriminant functions.
In this study mesio-distal mean diameter of the first and second premolars dentin were significantly greater in men than in women (p In the present study we can conclude that sex determination in Iranian population can be highly possible by intact remaining maxillary first and second premolars dental samples. Also, this study approves sexual dimorphism in mesio-distal diameter of dentin with an accuracy of 52 percent.

Backgroundand During the holy month of Ramadan, the number of admissions of patients with renal colic increases. This study was conducted to investigate the effects deprivation of food and water on the urinary crystals formation in the kidneys of rats as an experimental model of Ramadan-type fasting (RTF).
Subjects and In this experimental study, 32 male Wistar rats were randomly allocated into four groups. The first (Ct) and the third (EG) groups of the rats received standard pellet diet and water ad libitum. The second (RTF) and the fourth (RTF) groups of the animals were fasted (12 h) and then re-fed (12 h) daily. Drinking water containing 0.75% ethylene glycol were given to EG and RTF groups. The existence and the frequency of crystal deposition of calcium oxalate in the renal tissue stained by Hematoxylin and Eosin (HE) were observed in each group by light microscopy. Frequency of crystal deposition on 10 fields (×20) was calculated for each group. The results are expressed as Mean±SEM and also was graded semi quantitatively in five categories as (-), (), (), (), and (ﯯ), respectively.
Oxalate calcium crystals were not observed in Ct and RTF groups. The Mean±SEM of crystal deposition in the EG and RTF groups were 4.9±0.29 and 4.2±0.24, respectively. There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups.
The results of this study showed that there are not significant associations between deprivation of food and water with formation as well as amount of calcium oxalate deposition in kidney.

The aims of this study was to culturally adapt and validate the Persian-version of the Multiple Sclerosis Spasticity Scale and to present data on its psychometric properties in a sample of Iranian patients with multiple sclerosis.
Subjecrs and After standard forward and backward translations, 92 patients with MS completed the Persian versions of the MSSS-88 and MSQoL-54 in the first visit. With time interval of 2 days after the first visit, 40 patients filled out the MSSS-88 in the second visit. Test-retest reliability and internal consistency were assessed using intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and Cronbach's α coefficient, respectively. To evaluate construct validity of MSSS-88 compared to similar concepts of MSQoL-54, the spearman's rank correlation was used.
MSSS-88 has a high ICC level. The minimum Cronbach's alpha level of 0.70 was exceeded by MSSS-88. In terms of construct validity, most of a priori hypotheses were confirmed.
These results demonstrate the the Persian-version of the MSSS-88 is a culturally-adapted, reliable and valid measure in Iranian patients with Multiple Sclerosis.

Background and Application of standard field tests for measurement of the physiological abilities of elite athletes, clinical conditions and/or diseases rehabilitations, can be as an outstanding tool for cardiorespiratory fitness evaluation. The aim of this study was to evaluate validity and reproducibility of the 6 minute walk test (6MWT) in healthy children and adolescent boys.
Subjects and Actual peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak) was measured in modified Buruce protocol with gass exchange analysis in 349 healthy boys (8-17 yrs). Six- minute walk distance (6MWD) and anthropometric variables were measured with standard methods. Pearson correlation and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) were used to assess concurrent validity and reproducibility of the 6MWT respectively.
Concurrent validity of the 6MWT was confirmed by good correlation between 6MWD and VO2peak (r=0.638, p This is the first study about validity and reproducibility of the 6MWT in Iranian boys. With application of the 6MWT, physicians, physical therapists exercise coaches will receive a simple, inexpensive and safe assessment tool to evaluate functional exercise capacity in healthy and sick children and adolescents.

Training vascular occlusion leads to metabolic changes that suggest mechanical stress. The present study sought to evaluate the effect of two weeks of resistance training with or without the vessel occlusion, the serum levels of CRP and lactate dehydrogenase active girls are normally raised.
Subjects and Thirty six of Physical Education girl students of Shahid chamran University of Ahvaz with an average age of 20.51 ±1.39 y and BMI 23.32 ± 2.79 were divided into three groups: resistance training with vascular occlusion hand (exercise at 30% of one repetition maximum with closing of tourniquet around the proximal arm), resistance training without occlusion (exercise at 75% of one repetition maximum) and control group. Both training exercise groups performed a two-week training program consisting three sessions/week. Blood samples were taken before the start of training and 24 h after the last training session for measurement of CRP and lactate dehydrogenase.
After 2 weeks of resistance training with and without vascular occlusion, in both training group index of muscle damage (LDH) and index of inflammatory (CRP) in relation with control group showed a significant increase (P The overall results of this study showed that two-week resistance training in both groups muscle damage and inflammatory response is effective. Short-term activities cause muscle damage but the intensity of the damage in without vascular occlusion group was higher than with vascular occlusion group.

Hyperlipidemia is associated with increased incidence of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular events in adulthood. L-carnitine is an amino acid with an essential role in fat catabolism.The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of six weeks of High Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) with L-carnitine supplementation on the lipid profile in overweight men.
Subjects and The study included overweight men living in Urmia from whom 32 people of them were selected and divided into two groups of supplement-training and placebo-training (n= 16). Then for 6 weeks, weekly 4 high intensity interval training sessions were conducted using the ergometer. The supplement group consumed 10mg/Kg liquid L-carnitine, half an hour before the start of the exercise. Blood-sampling wastaken 48 h before and after each training session. The independent t-test was used for analyzing the data (P The results showed an increment in levels of TG and HDL, an a decrement in cholesterol level, LDL and body fat percentage of consuming L-carnitine supplementation and HIIT workout, however; these changes did not show significant differences with control group.
The overall results suggest that administeraiton of L-carnitine supplementation with HIIT in overweight men has no significant effects on the lipid profile in overweight men. This could probably be due to the difference or decrement in intensity, duration of the exercise, the amount and duration of L-carnitine supplementation compared to the similar studies in other cases.

Fatigue is a complications of MS and is associated with the level of physical fitness. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of eight weeks of Pilates training on aerobic and anaerobic power and fatigue index was women with MS.
Subjects and In this study, 30 women with MS were selected by purposive sampling method and were placed in two Pilates training and control groups. Pilates training consisted of eight weeks, three sessions/week and each session consists of Pilates exercises under the supervision of researchers. Anaerobic power and capacity, peak oxygen consumption and fatigue index were measured before and after of intervention. Data analyzed by t-test (P ≤ 0.05).
The results showed that a significant increase in anaerobic power and capacity, peak oxygen consumption and reduction in fatigue index in the Pilates group compared to the control group (P > 0.001).
According to these findings, Pilates training are appropriate training methods to improve the aerobic and anaerobic power and with this training method can improve the patient's fitness and reduce fatigue rate.

In addition to medical and nutritional interventions, exercise is one component in the treatment of type II diabetes. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of high and average intensity combined training on levels of serum heat shock proteins 70 and glycemic control in obese women with type 2 diabetes.
Subjects and In quasi-experimental study, 24 women with type II diabetes and time duration less than 10 years, were selected by purposive sampling method and randomly divided into three groups: high intensity combined training, moderate-intensity combined training and control group. Moderate intensity combined training (resistance training by 50-74 1RM aerobic interval by 50-70 HRR) and high intensity combined training (resistance training by 70-85 1RM aerobic interval by 70-85 HRR) were conducted for12 weeks. t-tests and 2-way ANOVA were used for data analysis (P ≤ 0.05).
The results showed a significant decrease in the levels of Hsp70, HbA1c and insulin resistance in moderate and high intensity combined training groups compared to the control group (P0.05).
The findings of this research demonstrated that combined trainings (resistance-aerobic interval), irrespective of their intensities, are effective on glycemic control and Hsp70 in women with type II diabetes, But the intensity of exercise, is not effective.