فصلنامه زیست شناسی تکوینی
سال هشتم شماره 1 (پیاپی 29، زمستان 1394)

Having an unlimited capacity to regenerate tissues lost to age and injury has been studied and analyzed. Planarians are attended for more than 250 due to their ability of complex regenerative achievements dependent on a population of self-renewing adult stem cells called neoblasts. The key attribute of neoblasts are their capacity for imprecise self-renewal, their pluriputency and the ability of their progeny to explain differentiation and polarity signals and correctly replace lost organelsand tissues after damage. In this study, we explored the regeneration in planarian species of Schmidtea mediterranea. Here, study and analysis all planarians which are cut into 3 fragments including head, trunk, and tail regions after 1 week of starvation, put in 1ml PAM in 6 well-plates during two weeks. As regards, there are epimorphosis and morpholaxis regeneration in 14 days of planarian regeneration, all tissues and organs will completely repair and regenerate after injured. In the next step, the karyotype protocol which has set up in this research has shown 8 pairs of chromosomes in this species. Planarians because of having pluripotent stem cells will regenerate lost tissues and cells and during regeneration. Given that process the differentiation and undifferentiated stem cells is a prerequisite for the future therapy.

Aluminum (Al) is one of the main factors limiting the growth and developments of the plants in acid soils. There is a relationship between aluminum toxicity and phosphorous (P) shortage in acidic soil and it is likely that sufficient P supply enable plants to withstand more against Al toxicity. In the present studythe effect of P and Al on the activity of peroxidase, lignification and some physiological parameters of Lisianthus (Eustoma grandiflora L.) were investigated. The young plants were grown in hydroponic culture with a modified 1/4 strength Hoagland nutrient solution for 10 days. After depletion of elements which were remained from the soil and adaptation of the plants to the new media, they were treated with or without 300 µM Aluminum (AlCl3), 3 mM phosphorus (NaH2PO4), and a combination of both. The pH was adjusted to 4.5.The treatments were continued for 10 days, and the solutions were renewal every 4 days. The results showed that in the roots, Al treatment caused significant decrease in the activity of peroxidase (soluble, ionically- and covalently- wall bound PO; SPO, IPO, and CPO, respectively), compared to the control group. In root of P-treated plants, a significant increase was observed in the activity of SPO and CPO. Treatment with Al significantly decreased the activity of IPO and SPO. Decrease of lignin content in this treatment can explain positive effects of Al in lowering the toxicity risk of excess P and promotion of the growth of Lisianthus.

Melon of the Cucurbitaceae family (Cucurbitaceae) with the scientific name Cucumis melo is to var.indorus. This plant has a high beta-carotene, vitamin A and B, potassium and water is abundant. The objectives of this study was to evaluate anatomical, genetic features melon vegetative organs affected by natural light, red light and white light. This study was conducted for the first time inside terrariums. The survey of vegetative organs, including roots, stems, leaves, main vein, with fixation of ethanol and glycerine, slices manual color blue double staining was performed methyl Carmen Zaji. The study of structure vegetative organs investigated using a sample fixation F.A.A passing the preparation for molding, cutting with a microtome, sections stained with Hematoxylin and Eosin and sections were observed and the appropriate samples were taken photos. The results of the study, treatment Plants with red and white light, reducing metaxylem at the root bundles and bundles metaxylem increased was observed in the stem of the plant. Treatment plants with white and red light than control plants, part of the pith was degenerated. Treatment plants with white and red leaves on a homogeneous structure were compared to control plant. Treatment of the underlying tissue cells in the main vein plant with red light than control plants was dehydrated.

The salinity of Irrigation water and soil is one of the most important factors that limit crop production in arid and semi-arid regions of the world. Due to the increase in water salinity and its damages on plant production, evaluation of salinity effects on crop plants and identifying of resistant varieties, is very important. In order to study the effects of salt stress on photosynthetic efficiency of barley cultivars, the seedlings of Dasht, Sahand, Lisivy and Sahracultivares were grown in Hoagland solution and treated with various concentration (50 and 100 mM) of NaCl. Various parameters of Chl a fluorescence induction kinetics include F0, Fm, Fv/Fm, Area, PI, DI/RC, RC/CS, TR/ABS, and DI/ABS and fluorescence pigments was measured. All pigments decreased after salinity treatment in barley cultivars. The highest decrease was observed in Sahand cultivar. Salinity caused increasing of Chl fluorescence in all barley cultivares and efficiency of photosynthesis system was decreased significantly. The F0, Fm, and Area parameter decreased in salt stress whereas performance index (PI) decreased. The Fv/Fmratio that is known as an index for stress tolerance of plants was decreased. The lowest decrease observed in Dasht cultivar. Also the number of active reaction centers and trapped radiation via photosynthesis system decreased in barley cultivars and caused increase in wasting of energy in photosystem II (PSII) reaction centers. Our results clearly showed that Dasht cultivar had the highest salt tolerance compare with the other three.

Our environment is widely exposed and influenced by the electromagnetic radiation from different field resources including the mobile phones. This type of radiation is counted as one of the effective stress factors in plant biology. Current study, aims to investigate the effects of electromagnetic radiation emitted by cell phones in cannabis anatomical changes. Cannabis (scientific name: Cannabis sativa L.) is an annual, dioecious and herbal plant with erect habit of growth which belongs to the Cannabinaceae family. Accordingly, petri dishes including dry cannabis seeds were located in a container designed based on Sharma method (Sharma et al., 2009) while exposing to cell phone radiation. More specifically, the seeds were exposed to the radiation of two cell phones (both on call mode) with 18 centimeters distance for 30, 60 and 90 minutes. After 12 hours, the same treatment was performed over the mentioned seeds; but, this time the seeds were wet and ready for germination. Our results revealed that the number of phloem and xylem tubes in treated samples’ stem were increased comparing to the control. In 90 minutes treated samples, decline of brain parenchyma volume which is a factor of premature aging was observed. Similar results were obtained when exploring the petioles. Also, the number of the metaxylems was increased in treated sample roots and leaves comparing to the control ones.

Allergy is among those diseases caused by different substances such as pollen affecting many people worldwide where they are living next to such pollen-distributing plants. Quercus brantii is one of the most common trees growing in different parts of Iran including Ilam. The current study aimed to evaluate the variations of IgE and some cytokines such as IFN-Y and TNF-a in rats exposed to the pollen of this tree. Pollens were collected from different parts of Ilam. The inflorescence, in different developmental stages, were removed, fixed inFAA, stored in 70% ethanol, embedded in paraffin and then sliced by microtome. Staining was carried out with PAS and contrasted with Hematoxylin. Rats included in five groups, optical, dermal, nasal, serological and control group with 5 rats in each group. Pollen essence was extracted and applied for each group and 2hrs, 24hrs and one week after exposure, serum samples were collected while the reactions of each rat for symptoms of allergy were recorded too. ELISA was employed to measure nephlomety analysis was applied for total IgE. Data were analyzed by SPSS using ANOVA, Mean evaluation and Pearson correlation. Microscopic examination demonostrated three colpus pollens of plant caet with 94.30 µm in diameter and there are granoralexine in pollens surface. Wheal and flares was observed by 75mg-L of the pollen subcutaneously eye and nasal allergy symptoms were seen in optical and nasal groups, together with sneezing. Total IgE for the serology group was 16.50. IFN and TNF were also different in case and control groups indicating the variation of these immunological properties due to the pollen of this tree. The pollen of Quercus brantii is allergeric when it is inhaled or is in contact with skin and also even when it is injected.