فهرست مطالب

Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Research
Volume:2 Issue: 1, Mar 2016

  • تاریخ انتشار: 1395/03/28
  • تعداد عناوین: 7
|
  • Hamed Barabadi, Soheila Honary Pages 1-7
    Biofabrication by using fungi is an exciting recent interest to develop an eco-friendly production of metallic nanoparticles (NPs) for pharmaceutical applications. This study aimed to synthesize and characterize gold (Au) and silver (Ag) NPs by using Penicillium simplisimum. The fungus was grown in fluid czapek dox broth on shaker at 28 ºC and 200 rpm for ten days. Then the supernatant was separated from the mycelia to convert HAuCl4 and AgNO3 solution into Au and Ag NPs separately. After 24 hours, synthesized Au and Ag NPs were characterized by using UV-Visible Spectroscopy as well as Photon Correlation spectroscopy (PCS) involves Polydispersity Index (PDI) and zeta potential. The UV-Visible Spectroscopy analysis revealed a plasmon bond peak around 533 nm and 400 nm suggesting formation of Au and Ag NPs, respectively. Furthermore, the PCS analysis showed an average diameter of 68 nm and 76 nm with PDI value of 0.2 and 0.23 for Au and Ag NPs, successively, which demonstrated that the nanoparticles formed with fairly well-defined dimensions and good monodispersity. Besides, a negative zeta potential were found for nanoparticles indicating their stability in the solution. The current approach suggests that the rapid synthesis of nanoparticles would be suitable for developing a green process for mass scale production. Besides, we believe that development of eco-friendly process for the formulation of metallic NPs is an important step in the field of application of nanotechnology and its optimization may make it a potential procedure for industrial production of NPs.
    Keywords: Gold nanoparticles, silver nanoparticles, biofabrication, particle size, Penicillium simplisimum
  • Azar Aghamohammadi, Mohammad Azadbakht, Seyed Jalal Hosseinimehr Pages 8-13
    Zataria multiflora Boiss is used in traditional folk remedies as antiseptic, analgesic, carminative, anthelmintic medication. The main components of Z. multiflora are phenolic compounds such as thymol and carvacrol. The aim of this study was developed a simple and rapid method for determination of the thymol in different extracts of Z. multiflora by HPLC method. The dried aerial parts of Z. multiflora in the flowering stage was extracted with ethanol 34%, 42% and 70% for 48 hours. Several mobile phase systems were applied for development and separation of thymol and carvacrol that have close retention time in HPLC system. The peaks of thymol and carvacrol are successfully separated in acetonitrile-water-acetic acid mobile phase. Thymol and carvacrol were separated with a retention times 10.4 and 9.8 minutes respectively, in an isocratic solvent system with HPLC. Thymol content was 2.7 ± 0.06, 3.7 ± 0.07 and 6.0 ± 0.11 mg/g, in ethanol at concentration of 34%, 42% and 70%, respectively. Thymol content in different hydroalcoholic extract of Z. multiflora is dependent to ethanol concentration in extraction solvent.
    Keywords: Zataria multiflora, thymol, carvacrol, HPLC
  • Mirsaeed Nikzad, Amir Reza Jalilian, Simindokht Shirvani-Arani, Ali Bahrami Samani, Hamid Golchobian Pages 14-22
    In this study, production, quality control and biodistribution studies of 166Ho-zoledronate have been presented as a possible bone marrow ablative agent. Ho-166 chloride was produced by thermal neutron irradiation of natural 165Ho(NO3)3 samples. 166Ho-zoledronate complex was prepared by adding the desired amount of zoledronate solution (0.2 mL, 150 mg/ml in 1 M NaOH) to appropriate amount of the 166HoCl3 solution. Radiochemical purity of the complex was monitored by instant thin layer chromatography (ITLC). Stability studies of the complex in the final preparation and in the presence of human serum were performed up to 48 h. The biodistribution of 166Ho-zoledronate and 166HoCl3 in wild-type mice was checked up to 72 h. 166Ho-zoledronate complex was prepared in high radiochemical purity (> 99%, ITLC) and specific activity of 4.4 GBq/mmol. The major accumulation of radiolabelled complex was observed in the bone tissue. These findings suggest 166Ho-zoledronatehas can be a possible candidate for bone marrow ablation in patients with multiple myeloma.
    Keywords: Bone marrow ablation, Ho-166, Zoledronate, biodistribution
  • Syed Faisal Ali, Monika Joshi, Nida Akhtar, Vijay Sharma, Kamla Pathak Pages 23-35
    The present investigation was focused to formulate semi-solid capsules (SSCs) of hydrophobic drug telmisartan (TLMS) by encapsulating semi-solid matrix of its solid dispersion (SD) in HPMC capsules. The combinational approach was used to reduce the lag time in drug release and improvise its dissolution. SDs of TLMS was prepared using hot fusion method by varying the combinations of Pluronic-F68, Gelucire 50/13 and Plasdone S630. A total of nine batches (SD1-SD9) were characterized for micromeritic properties, in vitro dissolution behavior and surface characterization. SD4 with 52.43% cumulative drug release (CDR) in phosphate buffer, pH 7.4, in 120 min, t50% 44.2 min and DE30min 96.76% was selected for the development of semi-solid capsules. Differential scanning calorimetry of SD4 revealed molecular dispersion of TLMS in Pluronic-F68. SD4 was formulated into SSCs using Gelucire 44/14 and PEG 400 as semi-solid components and PEG 6000 as a suspending agent to achieve reduction in lag time for effective drug dissolution. SSC6 showed maximum in vitro drug dissolution 97.49 % in phosphate buffer, pH 7.4 with in 20 min that was almost a three folds reduction in the time required to achieve similar dissolution by SD. Thus, SSCs present an excellent approach to enhance in vitro dissolution as well as to reduce the lag time of dissolution for poorly water soluble drugs especially to those therapeutic classes that are intended for faster onset of action. Developed approach based on HPMC capsules provided a better alternative to target delivery of telmisartan to the vegetarian population.
    Keywords: in vitro dissolution, lag time, HPMC capsules, solid dispersion, solubility
  • Zohreh Taraghi, Ehteram Sadat Ilali, Tahereh Yaghoobi, Soheil Azizi Pages 36-43
    Vitamin D deficiency is common among the elderly with and without heart failure (HF). This study was designed to identify the degree of vitamin D deficiency among HF and Non- HF elderly with cardiovascular disease. In this study, fifty hospitalized elderly patients with HF (26 women and 24 men, age range 60-90 years) and fifty elderly without HF were randomly selected. The level of serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D was measured using the Eliza method. There were no significantly difference between two groups regarding to the mean age, living location, life style parameters, mean years of disease involvement and disease severity, cardiovascular risk factors and co-morbidities, except for renal problems(P=0/039), hemoglobin levels(P=0/044), and creatinine levels (P=0/048). In both groups, the majority of patients, were moderately vitamin D deficient and there was no significantly difference between two groups. Considering the high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency among HF and Non-HF elderly with cardiovascular disease, its monitoring and correcting seems essential.
    Keywords: Vitamin D deficiency_elderly_older people_heart failure_cardiovascular disease
  • Ebrahim Saadat, Rassoul Dinarvand, Pedram Ebrahimnejad Pages 44-54
    In this study, nystatin liposomal formulation was prepared and characterized. The physicochemical properties of formulations including vesicle size, drug entrapment stability and in vitro release were studied. The highest entrapment efficiency of nystatin into liposomes was obtained about 70% when cholesterol (CHO) was added to the formulations prepared with dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine. In addition, the drug entrapment efficiency was decreased when distearoylphosphatidylcholine was used but it was improved by addition of CHO and hydration with 9% sucrose solution. Liposomes with uniform size distribution and average size of 100 nm were produced. Long term stability study indicated that the lyophilized liposomal nystatin was physically stable for at least 6 months at 4 °C. In vitro anti-fungal activity of liposomal nystatin was found to be more effective than free nystatin against Candida albicans.
    Keywords: Liposome, lyophilization, antifungal activity, nystatin, nanotechnology
  • Shahram Ala, Gohar Eslami, Atieh Sayftabar Pages 55-65
    The aim of this study was evaluation of enoxaparin utilization in hospitalized patients who had received enoxaparin either for prophylaxis or for treatment of thromboembolic disorders. A total of 356 patients were included in this retrospective study and were analyzed for enoxaparin utilization in terms of prescription patterns, treatment strategy, dosing regimen, indications/contraindications, adverse drug reactions, bleeding events, drug-drug interactions and monitoring parameters. The inpatient records and charts were used to extract the relevant data. 47.8% of the patients were prescribed inappropriate doses of enoxaparin, and 35.7% were treated with enoxaparin for inappropriate duration. Lack of appropriate monitoring of platelet count, complete blood count (CBC), activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), serum potassium level and serum creatinine during enoxaparin therapy was also noted in nearly one third of the patients. Furthermore, dose adjustment was not performed for 85% of the patients who had elevated serum creatinine. Co-administration of enoxaparin and anti-platelet drugs (aspirin and clopidogrel) or non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs were noted in 72% of the patients. No cases of major bleeding occurred but hematuria was observed in 16.3% of the patients. High doses of enoxaparin (120 mg/day), concurrent administration of antiplatelet drugs and increased age were found to be the main risk factors for bleeding. Overall, inappropriate utilization of enoxaparin in terms of prescription, dosing regimen, drug interaction and monitoring was observed in a large proportion of the patients which indicates the need for more careful consideration of the patient's conditions and the treatment guidelines before treatment with enoxaparin in the studied healthcare setting.
    Keywords: Enoxaparine, Utilization, Evaluation, Inappropriate