نشریه مدلسازی اقتصاد سنجی
پیاپی 1 (تابستان 1393)

 This study examines the effect of financial development on income inequality in Iran for the period of 1971 to 2011using Johansen cointegration approach. To this end a financial development index has been constructed from six sub-indices including banking sector, non-banking financial sector, regulation and supervision, monetary sector and monetary policy, financial openness, and institutional sector.  The results indicated that banking sector, non-banking financial sector, regulation and supervision financial openness, and institutional sector are able to reduce Gini coefficient and improve income distribution. In this respect, while the development of banking sector has the greatest impact on income distribution in Iran’s economy, development of monetary sector has no significant impact on income improvement. According to these findings, quality of legal institutions, property rights, quality of bureaucracy and government responsibility affect the functioning of the financial system.

Several indexes and measures have been introduced in the field of economic inequality. Zenga in 2007 introduce a new index which as an alternative to the Gini coefficient. The index is the ratio between the mean income of the 100p% poorest to that of the 100(1-p) % richest. The advantage of this index to other measures as well reflect the relationship between poverty and wealth. This paper examine properties and features of Zenga by papers of Greselin (2009, 2010, 2013) and Zenga (2007) and discuss point estimates and confidence intervals and it compare with other inequality measures such as the Gini coefficient. Also, explain Zenga index in both discrete and continuous state and presented their properties. Finally, for applications of Zenga index we use the Mashhad bus lines income data.

 Industry is one of the important and fundamental parts of economic and a ground for economic growth and development. Development and growth in industry section provide the ground for growth and development of other section such as agricultural, service, transport and energy. This section plays an important role in providing job in development process. According to the importance of forecasting in economic planning and policy-making and the importance of employment in industrial section, the present study dealt with forecasted number of industrial employment of Iran ANN and ARIMA artificial neural network method. For this reason 1358-1390 data were used. examine the validity of the research Mean Absolute Percentage Error MAPE, Root Mean Square Error RMSE and Theil U Ststistic were used. The research results show that back-propagation neural network has a high power in forecasting industrial employment in Iran and has lesser error in comparison to ARIMA method.  Â

 To know and account consumer behavior and estimate goods’ Demand function is a way to answer many problems in policy making, especially in the case of economic Reform and subsidies cut plan. So we try to estimate Demand’s function of households’ food stuff in urban areas of Mazandaran province, by using AIDS method and micro data in 2005 and 2009. The results show that the price elasticity for some Groups of Food stuff is greater than 1. Hence we expect the consumers may react to the subsidies cut plan and it will cause to reform the pattern of food stuff’s demand in Mazandran province urban areas.  Â

 Political processes are of the most efficient methods for individuals to reveal their preferences publicly. Election is one of the most significant political processes. Nowadays, the role of effective factors, particularly governments, on elections is a major issue among scholars and experts. The purpose of this paper is to examine changes in public spending as means of governmental policy in elections. This paper investigates the effects of elections on allocations of public expenditure over the period of 1980-2010 for D8 countries using panel data approach. Experimental results show that in the years approaching to elections, a considerable increase in current expenditures and a decrease in capital expenditures occur and also the existence of high incomes from natural resources lead to larger political cycles. On the other hand, greater ratios for informed voters lead to decrease of distortions in allocation of public spending toward current expenditures. Â

 Road Transport sector is one of leader, significant and beneficial sectors. By changing Road Transport’ approach to improving productivity the resources of this sector could be used effectively and helps to reach determined goals in the five-year plan. This paper attempts to compute and analyze general and specific productivity indicators and estimate road transport productivity model. In first step, general productivity indicators of road transport sector have computed for the period of 1372-1386. In second step, total factor productivity model of cargo and passenger transport sector has estimated for the period of 1384 to 1388 in form of panel data. Results from the first step demonstrate that total factor productivity decreased 0.2 percent average annual. In second step, It is showed that average education years, drivers’ experience, quality and quantity of road infrastructures, all have positive and significant effect on TFP.

 Business assessment is important for Stockholders. Pharmaceutical business is one of the most important businesses in the developing countries. Managing and evaluating of these firms can be helpful to develop this business. Analyzing the situation of firms in the past and the present is very important in order to achieve this gole.  Purpose of this research has been to rank the pharmaceutical Companies which have been active in Tehran Stock Market during 1384-1389 using Data Envelopment Analysis(DEA) technique. Doing so, we have used Asset, Equity, Personnel, Stock as input variables, and Sale, Gross profit and net profit as output variables.