فصلنامه علوم روانشناختی
پیاپی 54 (تابستان 1394)

One of the important issues in today's society is drug addiction and drug abuse and the reasons related to it. This has been associated with a lot of factors that affect it; so, it seems that among these factors, family factors play a crucial role in creating tendency towards drugs. Hence the problem of the present study was to determine the influence of family factors (illiterate parents, divorce, parental addiction, family conflicts, lack of parental supervision, parental inattention to proper and reasonable demands of children, and wealth and prosperity of the family) in creating tendency toward industrial and traditional drugs among young people of Lorestan province. The present study was a retrospective study. The sample of the study were 200 young people, 100 of them chosen from addicted and 100 from normal population, which were recruited after being homogenized with the first group based on age, gender, education, and income. In this study, the causes of drug abuse tendency among young people questionnaire (Mohamadi, 1392) was used. MANOVA was also used in order to analyze the data. The results showed that addicted parents or the presence of addicts in families, family conflicts and lack of love in family relationships, lack of proper parental supervision, use of inappropriate parenting practices, and parental divorce and separation had significant effect on tendency toward drugs. The results also showed that the illiteracy of parents, parental negligenc, and household wealth has no significant effects on propensity to addiction. According to the research findings, it can be stated that family factors associated with child behavior have an important role in youth attitudes toward drugs.

Family conflicts has have an important role in individuals’ health, but there are a few family-based interventions for reducing conflict and improving health. The aim of this study was to design and evaluate a brief family-based and psycho-educative intervention based on Bowen family systems theory for improving quality of relationship and health in couples diagnosed with anxiety disorders and marital conflicts. 19 couples as the experimental group and 19 couples as the control group diagnosed participated in this semi-experimental project using accessible sampling and a 2 months follow-up. Participants completed quality of relationship questionnaire (Pierce, Sarason and Sarason, 1991) and WHO quality of life questionnaire (1996). Variance analysis with repeated measures indicated that this intervention improves quality of relationship and health in couples. These findings confirm effectiveness of Bowen systemic therapy and could be used in introducing new models in health psychology based on the role of interpersonal and emotional factors in health.

This study examined the psychological consequences of forgiveness from the perspective of Iranian's mothers of children with intellectual disabilities. In the same way, a qualitative method was used. Twenty mothers of children with intellectual disability who were referred to the department of education to complete their children's assessment data, were selected randomly and semi-structure interview was used to gather data. These mothers were interviewed until saturation was established. The analysis of data lead to establishment of opening codes and categorizing them in conceptual headings. Mothers of children with intellectual disabilities used spiritual resources, internal resources, and social interests and resources to forgiving others respectively. This indicates that the rich content related Irans- Islamic culture has helped the mothers of children with intellectual disabilities to forgive others.

The present study aimed to explore the relationship between personality dimensions and motivation to intrinsic job satisfaction among Zob-Ahan Esfahan steel-making company employees. The artificial neural networks model was used for analyzing the data.
202 employees completed TCI-56, motivation at work scale (MAWS) and job satisfaction scale (JSS). Results revealed that identified motivation, intrinsic motivation and self-directedness were respectively the most important factors in predicting intrinsic job satisfaction.

In the context of effective elements of atudent’s learning, the influencing role of teacher’s explanation style has been emphasized. In the current study, the contribution of the big five personality traits, age and job status in the prediction of teacher’s clarity has been investigated. The sample includes 100 female teachers from those teaching in high schools of hamedan province selected by multiple-stage cluster sampling method. “Goldberg personality inventory” (GPI) and “Wlodkowski clarity questionnaire” (WCQ) were used for data gathering. 2000 students assessed the teacher’s clarity (20 students for each teacher). The results showed that the personality traits of “extraversion” and “agreeableness” are positive predictors, and “neuroticism” is a negative predictor of teacher’s clarity. The personality traits of “conscientiousness” and “openness to experience” and demographic characteristic (age & job status) cannot predict Teacher’s clarity. According to these results, personality traits are influential factors in teacher’s explanation, and by rearing personality traits such as “Extraversion” and “agreeableness”, teacher’s clarity can be increased.

The present study examined the effectiveness of participation in group existential analysis sessions on worry. A high level of worry affects various aspects of existence, including biological, psychological and social changes that result in unadaptability. Existential analysis sessions focused on exploring free will, loneliness, death and the meaning of life, the factors which are considered the definite outcomes and phenomena of human’s existence by the existence-oriented psychotherapists. For this research, a pre-post test model was implemented together with a control group and with a semi-experimental method. 30 of female undergraduate students of Razi university, who were volunteers to participate in the research, were assigned randomly into two groups: an experimental group and a control group. 15 persons of experimental group participated in 9sessions, each lasting 90-minutes, during 6 weeks. The 15 persons in the control group did not receive any intervention during this period. The data collection tool was the why worry questionnaire (WWQ-II). The data analysis was performed by analysis of covariance (ANCOVA(. The findings of the research indicate the ineffectiveness of participation in group existential analysis sessions in reducing worry in female students. Thus, participation in these sessions had no statistically significant effectiveness in reducing worry.

Aggression is among the most significant issues in many societies today, specifically in younger generation, leading to numerous problems. This inspires researchers to look for ways to solve this individual and social problem. One of these well-known ways to reduce aggression is exercise and sports. As a result, the aim of the present study is to compare the aggression among athletes of various disciplines including collision groups, non-collision groups and non-athletes.
The design of the study is descriptive and of scientific-comparative kind. 120 people were selected randomly from the male athletes and non-athletes in Yazd.
The demographic-aggressive questionnaire of Bass and Perry (1992) was employed for the purpose of this study. For data analysis, descriptive statistics and inferential tests of goodness of fit (k-s) and one-way ANOVA were used. The results showed that non-athletes were significantly more aggressive compared to group sport athletes (collision and non-collision). The results further showed that there is no significant difference in terms of aggression between athletes of the collision group sports and those of non-collision group sports.

Research is an important skill for every student. The purpose of the present paper was to identify and classify the problems of research methodology course from the perspective of university students; campus Kosar Yasooj.The research statistical population includes all of the students in the campus Kosar who have completed the course successfully. Using purposive sampling method was selected 40 of the total population (21 girls and 19 boys). The research method was the Delphi research method which is a type of qualitative assessment. The research Instrument includes a researcher designed questionnaire. Data were analyzed by using descriptive statistics (frequency and frequency percent). The findings show that the problems of research methodology courses can be divided into three sections, educational, attitudinal and structural divide. Based on the results obtained and the urgent need for student teachers to gain practical skills in scientific research, it seems time has been dedicated to this subject during the work week.