فصلنامه علوم روانشناختی
پیاپی 53 (بهار 1394)

Parental stress and psychological problems of parents of children with behavioral problems have devastating effects on parent's reports of their parenting style and welfare and hence is one of the ways to improve this problems is offering psychological training to parents in the field of controling children with behavioral problems. Therefore, the purpose of the current study was to investigate the effect of training behavior modification methods on mothers of children with externalized behavior problems on reducing stress and improving parenting styles of these mothers. The research method was quasi-experimental with pre-test and post-test design and a control group. 24 mothers of children with externalized behavior problems were selected using at-hand sampling and divided into control and experimental groups. Both groups filled out child behavior checklist, parenting style scale and parenting stress index. For the next step, the experimental group received instructions on behavior modification methods in 9 ninety-minute sessions while the mothers in control group went on their normal tasks. At the end of the instructional session, both groups filled out the mentioned questioners as the post-test. Covariance analysis was used for analyzing data. The results of the analysis of covariance showed that instructing behavior modification methods improved authoritarian parenting style scores in mothers (P

Infertility is an intense and prolonged stressful experience. Despite the high prevalence of infertility and its emotional burden for couples and especially for women, our knowledge regarding factors influencing adjustment to it is limited. The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between demographic and clinical factors and adjustment to infertility in women in Iran. A total number of 275 women referring to infertility clinic of Valie-Asr Reproductive Health Research Center (Tehran Imam Khomeini hospital) participated in the study. Data was collected via demographic information questionnaire, Adjustment to Illness Scale (AIS), and Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS). Results showed there were significant relationships between infertility duration and depressionn (p

People are inherently in search of a good life. To do so and to improve their conditions, they have attempted to use the most of their talents and abilities. This research was done to study the relationship between the psychological hardiness, achievement motivation and quality of student’s life at Gorgan Azad University in the academic year 2012-2013. The research method used was descriptive and of the correlation type. For the purpose of this research, 368 students out of the total 9000 students were selected as a sample group using the multi-stage cluster sampling method based on Kerjcie and Morgan’s table. Data was collected with the use of Ahvaz’s psychological hardiness questionnaire, Herman’s achievement motivation questionnaire and WHO’s quality of life questionnaire and it was analyzed using the regression modeling Pearson’s correlation coefficient and the independent t-test. The results demonstrated a significant positive correlation between psychological hardiness, achievement motivation and the quality of life. Also, there was a significant difference noted between male and female student’s achievement motivation. But no significant difference was seen in the average psychological hardiness and quality of life between male and female students.

Procrastination refers to the practice of carrying out less urgent tasks or doing pleasurable things in place of more urgent ones, thus putting off impending tasks to a later time. Many studies have addressed the effects of contextual factors and personality traits on procrastination. The purpose of this study was to predict procrastination based on personality traits with mediating role of self-regulation learning strategies. To do this, 320 students (170 males and 150 females) were selected randomly through multistage cluster sampling among tehran university. The data collection was done through 3 different scales: Solomon & Rathblom procrastination assessment scale-student (PASS), Goldberg Personality scale, and self-regulation learning strategies. These instruments showed appropriate reliability and validity. Path analysis was the major statistical operation run in the study.
The results by path analysis technique showed that the relationship between Personality and procrastination was influenced by self-regulation learning strategies. Neuroticism and extraversion had positive direct and indirect effects on procrastination. In addition, conscientiousness and openness to experience had negative direct and indirect effects on procrastination. Cognitive strategies and meta cognitive strategies had negative effects on procrastination.
In summary, the results showed that self-regulation learning strategies could have a mediator role in the relationship between personality traits and procrastination. This model provides a good pattern for explaining academic procrastination, which parents, teachers and counselors could use for decreasing academic procrastination.

Marriage is the first and most important stage in the process of family-life and it starts with the choosing of a spouse (wife/husband) and success in the later stages of life is dependent on success in this stage. The aim of this research was to study and prioritize the criteria of spouse selection among single students of Guilan University. The method of research is descriptive-survey. The statistical population consisted of all single students of Guilan University in the 2011-2012 academic year, among which a sample of 372 students (181 boys and 191 girls) was selected by random cluster sampling method, which completed a questionnaire on the criteria of spouse selection that was made by the researcher. The findings of the exploratory factor analysis of the questionnaire identified these 6 factors; psychological state, socio-economic status, religiosity, beauty, appearance, and morality as the as the criteria for spouse selection in the youth the results of MANOVA showed there is a significant difference between the male and female students as far as these extracted factors are considered. Psychological state, morality, and economic-social status were the most important factors for the female students while psychological state, morality, and appearance were of greater importance for the male students. Prioritizing of selective criteria showed fidelity, honesty, and obligation was of main concern and preferences for both sexes. As far as the socio-economic factor is concerned, a significant difference is seen between students in different levels of study and the same applies to the prioritizing of the students’ criteria. Implications of this study are discussed in detail.

The influence of personality on the way people cope with stressful situations has been discussed many times. In the current study, the contribution of the big five personality traits in the prediction of styles of coping with stress has been investigated. The sample includes 500 students (include 350 girls and 150 boys) of students studying in High school centers of Hamedan province selected by multiple-stage cluster sampling method. Adolescent coping scale (ACS) and brief form of neo personality inventory (NEO) were used for data gathering. The results showed that the personality traits of “openness to experience” is a positive predictor, and “Neuroticism” is a negative predictor of “Productive coping style”. Beside, the personality traits of “agreeableness” and “openness to experience” are positive predictors of “refference to others coping style”. Moreover, the personality trait of “neuroticism” is a negative predictor of “non productive coping style”. According to these results, personality traits are influential factors in “coping styles”, and rearing personality traits such as “agreeableness” and “openness to experience”, can be effective for beneficial encounters of stressing factors.

An individual's perception of God is shaped by their daily experience and feelings towards deity and is acquired during the individual’s encounter with sacred- relate objects. The aim of the current study was the prediction of life satisfaction from representation of God in medical sciences students. This study has a correlative research design. To accomplish the stated goal 130 students were selected by means of proportional stratified sampling procedure. The image of God Inventory (Lawrence, 1997) and satisfaction with life scale (diener et al., 1985) were administered on them. Analysis of data using a multiple regression analysis revealed that the magnitude of life satisfaction can be predicted from the quality of student's representation of God (R2 = 0/20). Moreover, data revealed that students who had a positive and accepting representation of God were higher in life satisfaction than students who had a negative representation of God.

The mental health of families with mentally retarded children has always been researched by various researchers of this field. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of problem solving skills training on marital satisfaction (include "personality issues", "conflict resolution", and "leisure activities") in families with educable mentally retarded children in Arak city. Statistical population of this research consisted of mothers with educable mentally retarded children (81 mothers). The sample was 30 mothers that were selected randomly out of 81 people. These mothers were randomly assigned into experimental and control groups. Participants were asked to complete the marital satisfaction questionnaire (ENRICH). experimental group participated in 5 sessions (1 session a week). Each session lasted for 90 minutes. Unisef problem solving skills training was employed on experimental group as independent variable. Covariance analysis showed that there is a significant difference between mean scores of experimental and control groups (p