نشریه اسلام و پژوهش های روان شناختی
پیاپی 5 (تابستان 1395)

The present study aims at preparing and constructing the scale of “God-awareness” based on teachings extracted from Islamic reliable sources, and determining its psychometric features (reliability and validity). To do so, we first classified, through a descriptive analysis of the texts, the Quranic verses and traditions related to the construct of God-awareness, and then designed the propositions marking that construct. After confirming the validity the scale by eight experts in university and seminary, we finally arrived at a questionnaire composed of 25 items in a four-choice likert spectrum and tested it. In the final stage, first we selected 225 subject and then 200 subjects through random cluster sampling, and investigated the psychometric feature of the scale through a survey method. The findings showed that the scale of God-awareness enjoys a high level of validity in content, criterion, construct and incremental validity. In analyzing the exploratory factors, four factors were obtained. The relationship between the scale of God-awareness and some of the psychological scales showed an incremental validity and its potential to explain and predict as a psychological device. The scale enjoys the necessary and desirable level of reliability obtained through re-testing, split-half, internal consistency and Cronbach’s alpha (0.90) methods. As a result, the scale of God-awareness can be used as a device with reliable and valid psychometric features in Islamic and psychological researches.

The present research aims at compiling the model of hope based on Islamic sources and designing its treatment plan. We used two a descriptive-analytical method in religious propositions (the method of reasoning for religious knowledge) for compiling model of hope, and a descriptive method for investigating the validity of the treatment protocol. To investigate the content validity of the protocol, we used Kendall’s coefficient of concordance and Khi 2 meaningfulness test to investigate the concordance and meaningfulness of the experts’ opinions for evaluating the rightness of the Quranic and traditional readings and the correspondence of suggested techniques of hope-treatment protocol to the goals of each session. The findings showed that the concept of hope in Islamic approach has a three-parameters model, each of which with two sub-parameters: agency (personal agency, divine agency), means (material means, metaphysical means), and goal (material goal, monotheistic goal). Besides, the axis in this model is a monotheistic goal. Considering the opinions of the experts, the effectiveness of the suggested techniques on these parameters was also supported. Accordingly, the protocol of Islamic hope-therapy was compiled in the form of eight 120-minutes sessions. During those sessions, three parameters of hope, their obstacles, and the strategies for removing those obstacles and reinforcing them were stated. At the end, some suggestions for using the hope-therapy protocol were put forward.

The present research aims at investigating the concept of personality in Islamic sources. The method used in this research is of hermeneutic type. The findings of the study showed that the very word “personality” has not been used in Islamic texts and sources. In Arabic, the word al-Shakhsyya became common when the psychological texts were translated from English into Arabic. However, the concept of personality is a global concept just like the concepts of God, life, death, and justice. All individuals in all cultures have a perception of personality based on their look at human. Similarly, in Islamic culture, the concept of personality has been referred to implicitly. Based on the findings of this study, one of the terms with closest semantic relation to the word “personality” in psychology is the word shakela in Arabic.

The family’s function is an important aspect of family affecting the physical, social, and affective health of the family members. The present research is a descriptive study of the correlation type aiming at an investigation of the intermediary role of resilience in the relationship between one’s image of God and family’s function. To do so, 386 teachers in Southern Khorasan were selected through stage stratified sampling. To gather data, we used Image of God Inventory, Resilience Scale, and Family Function Scale. The results of the statistical analysis showed that there is a positive meaningful relationship between all subscales of image of God and resilience, but there is a negative meaningful relationship between those subscales and unhealthy function of the family. Similarly, the results of regression analysis showed that family function is predictable by image of God, which explains 19.3% of family function. According to the obtained results, three subscales of image of presence, affection and benevolence explain the major part of this variance. The results of investigating the main hypothesis of the research showed that resilience is a minor intermediary in the relationship of three subscales of image of presence, affection and benevolence with family function.

The aim of this study is to predict the quality of life, hope and psychological well-being in divorced women based on religious commitment. This study was of descriptive-correlative type and the statistical community composed of all divorced women referring to family courts, consultation centers, and health-houses on Tehran; 80 subjects were selected through available sampling. Data collection tools include quality of life questionnaires (SF-36), life expectancy, psychological well-being and the practice of religious beliefs. The results of Pearson correlation test showed that the practice of religious commitment had a significant positive correlation with quality of life, hope and psychological well-being in divorced women. Similarly, the results of regression analysis also showed that religious commitment explains variance of life quality to 9.1% variance of hope to 27% and variance of psychological well-being to 19.6%. The practice of religious beliefs in divorced women can reduce part of their psycho-social problems and enhance their quality of life, hope and psychological well-being.

The present research aims at investigating the relationship of spiritual experience and resilience as the protective factor against the extent of tending to using drugs among juveniles. The statistical population of the research (of the correlation type) included all male high school students of Darra Shahr in 1391-1392 SH. Among them, 200 subjects were selected through random cluster sampling. The devices used included Ghubari Bunab’s scale of spiritual experience, resilience scale, and Improved Addiction Potential Scale (IAPS). The obtained data were analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficient and regression analysis. The results of correlation coefficient showed a positive meaningful relationship between resilience and spiritual experience. There was a negative relationship between resilience and tending to drugs and between spiritual experience and tending to drugs. the regression analysis showed that the parameters of prosperity and spiritual activity predict the extent to which one tends to using drugs. The results of the research showed that the spiritual experience as a protective factor prepares that ground for students’ resilience against tending to drugs.