نشریه اسلام و پژوهش های روان شناختی
پیاپی 3 (زمستان 1394)

The present study aims at investigating components of moral intelligence and constructing the initial test based on Islamic sources. It is of fundamental research type wherein the content analysis has been used. The statistical society of the research consisted of all students in Imam Khomeini Educaional and Research Institute as well as the seminary students in Jame’a al-Zahra in 1395-1396 SH educational year. 100 subjects were selected through available sampling method. After studying, note-taking, organizing and analyzing Islamic and psychological sources, the researcher has analyzed the most important moral virtues. The components of moral intelligence mounted to 17 items based on the criteria of goodness, nobility and excellence in the sphere of morality, and were classified into three groups of divine, individual and social components. To investigate the extent to which the Islamic texts conform to the components of moral intelligence, we used the experts’ opinions. 90.5 and 75.87 percent of the experts agreed that the texts conform to the components; and this shows the desirable validity of the content. To assess the validity of the criterion, that test along with the Moral Competency Inventory (MCI) were conducted. The correlation at 0.84 shows the high validity of the test. The components of the Islamic test on moral intelligence were highly correlated with the whole test but with a low positive correlation with one another; this shows the validity of the test construct. The reliability of the test by the internal consistency of the questionnaire was measured through Cronbach’s alpha to be at 0.96. Splitting the test led to a reliability of about 0.93 and 0.95. The results showed that the initial test of moral intelligence based on Islamic sources enjoys a desirable validity and reliability.

The present research aims at assessing the reliability and validity of the revised edition of the initial scale for family efficiency based on Islamic sources. It is of correlation research type wherein 590 subjects were selected through random cluster sampling. The participants completed the scale of assessing family efficiency based on Islamic sources. Here, we used factor analysis to assess the validity of the scale.
The factor analysis of the findings showed that the revised form of the Islamic scale for family efficiency contains eight factors including: 1. Observing one’s rights, 2. Satisfaction and growth, 3. Emotional and verbal relation, 4. religious thought, 5. Taking on responsibility and cooperation, 6. Religious behavior, 7. Trust and forgiveness, and 8. Truthfulness. To assess the reliability of the scale, we assessed internal consistency using Cronbach’s alpha. The reliability was at 0.96. Based on the findings of the research, we may say that the questionnare enjoys a high reliability and validity, and consistent factors are obtained through it. Accordingly, one may use it to investigate the family efficiency based on Islamic sources in future studies.

Depression is one of the mental disorders common among female prisoners. The present research aims at investigating the efficacy of teaching coping skills with a religious approach in reducing depression among female prisoners. It has been conducted based on two-group method of research with pre-test and post-test, with the statistical society composed of female prisoners in Qom province. The participants answered Beck’s questionnaire of depression as the testing device, and then were divided into two groups composed of 11 subjects (experimental and control groups). In the intrusive method of research, the subjects in experimental group were taught Islamic coping skills such as trust in God, remembering God, patience, prayer and supplication, confession and repentance, saying prayers and hope for God’s help. After the post-test, we used descriptive indices and covariance test to analyze the data. According to the findings of the research, we may say that teaching coping skills with a religious approach is effective in reducing depression.

The present research aims at investigating the effect of hope-therapy intrusion on educational achievement goals in male high school students in district one of Qazwin. It is of quasi-experimental type with pre-test and post-test design. Two classes of students in a certain school were selected through cluster sampling; then, 23 students with avoidance achievement goals were selected using Elliot and McGregor’s questionnare composed of four scales (1. Mastery-approach goal, 2. Mastery-avoidance goal, 3. Performance-approach goal, 4. Performance-avoidance goal) and were placed into a control group and an experimental group. After 6 two-hours sessions of group hope-therapy intrusion aiming at changing achievement goals in experimental group, the post-test was conducted using the questionnaire of achievement goals in both control and experimental groups. The data were analyzed using the one-variable covariance analysis test. The results of covariance analysis showed that there is a meaningful difference between the groups in achievement goals and its components. Hope-therapy intrusion is effective in changing and improving aspects of achievement goals.

The present research aims at the intermediary role of religious thanksgiving in the relationship between norm-referenced gratitude and life satisfaction. To do so, 104 students in Imam Khomeini Educational and Research Institute answered three questionnaires of “norm-referenced gratitude”, “criterion-referenced gratitude” and “life satisfaction”. The data were analyzed through SPSS and LISREL softwares. The results of the analysis showed that in spite of a meaningful correlation of norm-referenced gratitude and criterion-referenced gratitude with life satisfaction, the direct path of norm-referenced gratitude does not lead to life satisfaction, and that norm-referenced gratitude just indirectly, through criterion-referenced gratitude, explains life satisfaction. The results of the research present a logical explanation for the importance of the role of religious thanksgiving in life satisfaction.

The present study has been designed to investigate the relationship of personality factors and religious lifestyle with mental health. The study has been conducted descriptively by using correlation method. The statistical population of this study was composed of 375 students in Qom University and seminary students selected through non-random sampling. To measure the variables of the study, we have used the questionnaire of personality (NEO-FFI-60), the Islamic lifestyle test (ILST-75), and the questionnaire of mental health (GHQ-28). The findings show that there is a negative correlation between religious lifestyle and the total score of disorders in the questionnaire of mental health. Besides, there is a negative correlation between religious lifestyle and subscales of the questionnaire of mental health such as physical symptoms, anxiety and insomnia, disorder in social function and severe depression. The factors of neurosis and openness to experience were positively correlated to the score of disorders in the questionnaire on mental health. The factors of extroversion, agreeability and consciousness are negatively correlated to the score of disorders in the questionnaire on mental health. Based on this study, personality factors and religious lifestyle could explain meaningful portions of mental health.