فصلنامه پژوهش نامه زنان
سال هشتم شماره 1 (پیاپی 19، بهار 1396)

With the establishment of the Timurid rule in Iran and their approach to the role of women in the social, cultural and political arena, the status of Iranian women underwent a kind of transformation its influences can be seen in the pictures of women drawn in this period; the painter, by drawing women in various wearings, is trying to show their social place. Based on womens’ wearings in the drawings, the purpose of this article is to identify their social status in the Timurid period. This study illustrates the relationship between characteristics of women's wearing and their social status through collecting library materials by descriptive and analytical methods and extracting information from the pictures of this period. The results of the research indicate that women in this period, based on their social status, were wearing various kinds of clothe and scarf. Khatons and Ladies are pictured with very pretty dresses and abigails are framed with patternless plain clothes.

The purpose of this study is to investigate qualitatively the marital sexual violences against women in families. Qualitative content analysis method has been used for data analysis. This study was conducted in Urmia, and 30 violence victim women were deeply interviewed. The results indicate that victim women consider various types of experienced sexual relations, including sexual intercourse during menstruation, anal sex, excessive duration of sex regardless of women’s desire, and lack of emotional preparation at the beginning of sexual intercourse, as sexual violence. From women’s point of view, these types of violence are caused by social class distances, unemployment, religious justifications, seeing pornographic films, patriarchal thought, and considering women as men’s property. In their view, the consequences include neurological disorders, constant misbehavior with children, hatred of husbands, tendency to divorce, hatred of men in general, and betrayal.

In this paper, the demonstration of spouse insolvency through evidences and the validity of previous statues (Istishab) and its affect on wife’s rights, such as dowry, alimony, matrimony donation, remuneration, and right to imprisonment, have been explored. And through analytic-descriptive method the status of the claim for the wife’s rights based on the assumption of insolvency in terms of jurisprudence and also the manner of execution of financial convictions have been addressed. As we have discussed the burden of proof of insolvency of spouse is on the shoulder of wife. The right to imprisonment is not nullified by the insolvency of spouse. In the case of insolvency, wife can’t demand her dowry until the financial capability of her spouse but her right to imprisonment is preserved for her

Given the significant contribution women make in immigration, they play an important role in immigration policies, and there is a need to pay attention to their vulnerable situations. The purpose of this paper is to investigate, through an analytic-descriptive method, the causes and consequences of the feminization of immigration and to review and criticize the immigration policies and laws.
Instead of emphasizing on the security of the state, the human security approach emphasizes many factors, including economic and political deprivation, persecution, the distinction between voluntary and compulsory emigrants, and highlighting these challenges.
The present research emphasizes that in order to reduce the damages and increase the opportunities arising from the feminization of migration, development policies and immigration policies should reflect the different needs of women, and in order to protect the rights of immigrant women, the cooperation of all levels of the international community, national, civil society, development organizations and humanitarian organizations is a necessity.

In the modern world, power and politics are defined with violence and conflict. The author of this paper suggests that, along with men, women, with their maternal presence, should participate in large-scale decision-making and national and global policies to rule peace and kindly on national and global societies; increasing interactions between power and politics replaces the current destructive confrontation; in other words, maternity extends from the private sphere to the public domain. In this paper, the epistemological theories of feminist philosophers have been presented in criticizing the lack of women in power and modern politics, along with Islamic epistemological teachings, to show that in both Western and Islamic culture, equal representation of women alongside men brings about safe and peace space for human societies.

Until the modern era, all the great philosophers were men, and they did not mention women except in their misogynist philosophical speeches. In contemporary times, women’s critical approach to various areas of knowledge, led to rethinking and reconsideration of philosophy and history of philosophy. Women philosopher began to write the histories of the philosophy of women in order to prove the falsehood of the philosophical claims of philosophers, and they referred to the thoughts and opinions of woman philosophers, history of philosophy had ignored. Also challenging the basic dichotomies of Western philosophy, they tried to provide alternative theories. Thus, at the same time as the theoretical study of the history of philosophy began to emerge in the late 20th and early 20th centuries, new strategies were used to study the history of Western philosophy. The present paper reviews these strategies in the works of three groups of philosophers. First group are those philosophers, such as Lloyd and Ludov, who have evaluated history and philosophical concepts through reviewing philosophers’ metaphors and depictions. Second group are philosophers like Erigari, Bordo and Kaufman, who have studied the philosophical and psychoanalytic structure of history. And the third group are philosophers such as Nussbaum and Bayer, who have used philosophy as a source of their feminist concerns. Finally, we have mentioned the historical studies of women and the history of women in Iran.