Journal of Research and Health
Volume:7 Issue: 5, Sep-Oct 2017

Cervical cancer is the third most common cancer in women. In poor countries, it is the second cause of cancer death [1]. According to official report of World Health Organization, about 500,000 new cases of cervical cancer were recorded each year that more than half of them are leading to death. 80 percent of new cases are occurred in developing countries [2].

To assess efficacy in patients with heart failure need to have a scientific tool based on psychometric features is evident. The researchers developed a scientific tool based on psychometric principles for assessing self-efficacy beliefs in patients with Myocardial Infarction (MI) as the only tool of its kind; however, Due to the large number of questions in the questionnaire, respondents may not desire to complete it accuracy. The present study was conducted to develop and validate a short form of this tool. This study was conducted on a sample of 311 patients diagnosed with MI by a cardiologist and selected through convenience sampling. The 80-20 rule was used for evaluating the 60 items of the short-form MI Self-Efficacy Measurement Tool (SF-SEMT) and for eliminating items without an adequate sensitivity and accuracy. The factor analysis revealed 5 factors that explained a total of 87.92% the variance; the kaiser-meyer-olkin index was calculated as 0.915 with a probable significance level of 0.001. A total of 22 items and 5 factors were extracted for this short-form tool. The reliability of the tool was confirmed with Cronbach’s alpha coefficients of 0.96 to 0.97 for the factors and 0.97 for the entire tool. The short-form MI self-efficacy measurement tool has better psychometric features than the original long form, as the former was found to have a better factor structure compared to the latter.

Patients with Multiple Sclerosis (MS) suffer from inabilities such as weakness and muscle fatigue due to the demyelination. The inabilities may result in some disorders in walking. The present study is a clinical trial research conducted on 84 participants in two groups of experimental and control who were randomly selected. The results showed that people with MS apply more force on the ground during the three examined component of stance phase of gait cycle in comparison with those without the disease. Also, the maximum difference was found between the two groups at the mid-stance component that was the only stage in the stance phase in which, the difference between the groups was statistically significant. It can be concluded that the largest amount of pressure and force applied on the limbs of people with MS lies in the mid-stance component of stance phase. According to the results of the study, the lowest amount of force absorption occurs in that stage. The obtained results can be employed in order to design shoes of type suitable for people with MS that are capable to absorb extra vertical reaction force and thus, prevent skeletal-muscle damages.

One of the health issues related to patients suffering from cancer is paying attention to mental health of the patients and their families. This research was carried out to determine the effect of teaching marital life skills for mastectomy women in the increase of marital satisfaction of this group of patients as well as its direct effect on their spouses’ satisfaction. This was a quasi-experimental research designed as pretest/posttest with random assignment and control group. 22 women suffering from breast cancer, undergoing mastectomy, treated by radiotherapy and having marital satisfaction lower than the moderate level based on the short form (40-question) of the ENRICH (evaluation and nurturing relationship issues, communication and happiness) questionnaire were selected via purposive sampling and divided into experimental and control groups using random assignment. The pretest was carried out on experimental and control groups and the husbands. The intervention was performed during 12 didactic sessions, two a week, for women of the experimental group in the absence of their husbands. Results indicated that the mean score of marital satisfaction in mastectomy women and their husbands in the experimental group was higher than that of the control group, and the difference was statistically significant. In conclusion, the combined intervention method used in this research was effective in increasing marital satisfaction of mastectomy women, and had also a positive effect on their husbands’ marital satisfaction.

Healthy eating habits can reduce the risk of several chronic diseases and decrease overall mortality in women by 11%. Regarding the crucial role of women in feeding the family, we investigated the effect of education in healthy cooking behavior of rural women by applying the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB). A sample of native women in rural areas of Chabahar (n=152), who aged 12-75 years old, were selected by multistage sampling. Pre and post intervention measures of TPB variables, knowledge, and behavior were conducted via questionnaire. The educational intervention was performed with the help of high school girl students for the intervention group. There were positive significant changes in healthy cooking behavior intention, knowledge, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control, and behavior in the intervention group, while none of these changes were significant in the control group. The results suggest that educational intervention based on the theory of planned behavior can be effective in healthy cooking behavior of rural women of Chabahar.

Caring of children with psychiatric disorders have significant impact on caregivers especially mothers. So aim of this study was to investigate efficacy of impulse control training on depression and anxiety in mothers of children with developmental coordination disorders (DCD). The study is quasi-experimental by using pretest and posttest with control group. The study population consisted of mothers and children with developmental coordination disorder in rehabilitation clinics in the Hamedan city. Of these 16 participants assigned to experimental and control groups were selected by convenience sampling. Psychological evaluation includes clinical interviews, according to the America Psychological Association and DSM-V Beck Anxiety Inventory (BDI-II) and Beck Depression Inventory (BAI). Impulse control was done according to Spray treatment protocol in the experimental group with 8 sessions of 90 minutes and the control group received no training. Scores of pretest, posttest and follow-up of 3 weeks after training in both groups were analyzed. Results showed that treatment of impulse control in reducing anxiety 8.71 and depression 10.46 in experimental group was effective in comparison of control group that efficacy of this treatment was maintained during follow-up. So the treatment of impulse control has been effective in the treatment of anxiety and depression. According to results of this study and previous researches impulse control treatment program can be program of interventions for depression and anxiety disorders and can promote mental health in patients with psychiatric disorders.

Skin is a vital organ for communication throughout the life cycle, so that skin disease can cause a significant psychological distress. This study aimed to assessment the relation of attachment styles and cognitive emotion regulation strategies to depression in patients with skin diseases. The 200 participants were selected using purposeful sampling among patients diagnosed with psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, and chronic idiopathic urticaria and who referred to dermatology clinics or phototherapy units of the hospitals in Mashhad. Patients who had inclusion criteria participated in the study after giving the informed consent. The participants filled out the scales of cognitive emotion regulation strategies, Collins and Read attachment styles, and hospital anxiety and depression. The results of path analysis showed a direct relation of secure attachment style to adaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategies and depression, cognitive emotion regulation strategies to depression, insecure attachment styles to maladaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategies, insecure attachment to depression, and maladaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategies to depression. Secure attachment had indirect effect on depression and insecure attachment had indirect relation to depression. These results imply that attachment styles and cognitive emotion regulation strategies in patients with skin diseases have multiple relations with depression.

The health dimension of Human Development Index (HDI) is currently assessed by life expectancy at Birth. In this regard, the question is whether or not the life expectancy indicator merely can explain the health status of countries. Accordingly, the aim of this study was to determine and classify health indicators affecting human development index. For this purpose, 70 countries were selected as cases, and 27 health indicators were determined as variables. The data were gathered from 2000 to 2012 and analyzed using R-type factor analysis technique within the principal components in software. Based on the obtained results from factor analysis, the examined variables were classified into six main factors including "manageable diseases", "serious diseases", "environmental factors", "quality of health care", "disease preventive services", and "public health expenditure" that explained 73% of the total variance. This finding indicates the deep effect of these six main factors on health status of a community. So, it can be argued that health development description is not limited to the life expectancy Index. Instead, it is affected by many factors including diseases, health services, health care costs, and environmental factors. Therefore, life expectancy cannot be a comprehensive indicator of health sector in HDI and the current understanding in this regard should be revised.

Several studies have shown the destructive effects of anger as an emotion on quality of life. Meanwhile, the study and proper management of anger can have a significant positive impact on quality of life. The present study was conducted to examine the mediating effect of anger rumination on the relationship of the dimensions of anger and anger control with quality of life in male and female high school students in Damghan, Iran. This correlational study used stratified random sampling to examine 223 participants (136 girls and 87 boys) using the anger rumination scale, Spielberger’s State-Trait anger expression inventory and the 36-item short form quality of life questionnaire developed by ware and sherbourne. A significant relationship was observed between anger rumination and the dimensions of anger, but not between anger rumination and anger control. The results showed a significant negative correlation between anger rumination and quality of life. Differences were also observed between the girls and boys in terms of the dimensions of anger (state anger and trait anger and anger control (control-in and control-out), but not in terms of anger rumination and quality of life. The results showed that anger rumination affects anger expression and also that girls and boys are different in terms of anger control and anger expression.

Self-control and cognition are among the factors involved in the tendency toward delinquency. The aim of this study was to compare self-control and metacognition components in normal minors and juvenile delinquents at correction and rehabilitation centers. This was a causal-comparative descriptive study. The statistical sample included 70 juvenile delinquents (55 boys and 15 girls), selected via convenience sampling. The boys were at the correction and rehabilitation center of Tabriz and the girls were referred to the detention center of morality police by the intelligence department of police in Tabriz. The normal minors included 70 high-school students (55 boys and 15 girls) who were matched with the case group in terms of age, sex, and education. Data collection tools included Tangney’s self-control scale and metacognition scale. Results showed that there were significant differences in the self-control variables between juvenile offenders and normal minors. Moreover, there were significant differences in the metacognition components between the juvenile offenders and normal minors. This means that juvenile offenders had low self-control and metacognition. Adoption of socially accepted behaviors is strictly related to self-control and metacognition. Adolescents with low self-control ability and impaired metacognition are less adaptive to social norm

Mental retardation is one of the most significant problems of human society among children and adolescents. It puts families, especially mothers, under a lot of stress and threatens their mental health. The initial purpose of this study was to determine the effect of stress inoculation training on coping styles and psychological well-being status in women who have children with mental retardation. In this quasi-experimental study, 30 participants were randomly were selected by simple sampling method that were assigned into the experimental and control groups. The statistical population comprised the mothers who have children with mental retardation at the training center. Ryff scales of psychological well-being and coping inventory for stressful situations and psychological well-being scale were implemented before and after the stress inoculation training (presented only for the experimental group in eight sessions). The results of the statistical analysis showed that the training increased the problem-oriented coping style and decreased the avoidant and emotional coping styles. Thus, the results demonstrated that stress inoculation training was effective in stress coping and improving psychological well-being in mothers. According to the obtained finding, psychological well-being scores in the experimental group were remarkably different from those in the control group. Based on these results, it is recommended for the experts in the field to use stress inoculation training to decrease stress and enhance psychological well-being of mothers.

Based on attachment theory, researches concluded that attachment styles influence marital quality. although researches support this correlation, some psychological factors are involved, mediating between them. The aim of the present study was to examine the mediating role of relationship obsessive-compulsive disorder (ROCD) in relation to marital quality and attachment styles in women. In this descriptive-correlational study, statistical population included all married women in Isfahan between winter and spring 2015. A sample of 195 women was examined who were selected through convenience sampling. Golombok-Rust Inventory of Marital State, Adult Attachment Questionnaire, and Relationship Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory were used as the research instruments. The results showed that the triple dimensions of attachment styles were significantly correlated with marital quality and ROCD. The results of hierarchical regression analysis showed that triple dimensions of ROCD played the role of mediation variable in the association between attachment styles and marital quality. Therefore, based on the obtained results, the association between attachment styles and marital quality is not as simple as a linear correlation and could be affected by ROCD.