Iranian Journal of Health Sciences
Volume:5 Issue: 3, Spring 2017

Background and Human health is affected by a variety of human and natural phenomena that surround the environment. Atmospheric pollutants and thermal comfort conditions concern the quality of surrounding air. Given the influential role of lakes on the climatic conditions of their surrounding environment, the effect of different scenarios of Maharlu Lake in the southeastern part of Shiraz on the changes of thermal comfort conditions was modeled.
In this study, cooling power index and temperature humidity index were used to explore climate comfort conditions according to the long-term observational data from 1960 to 2010.
It was found that temperature humidity index has a declining trend in most months of the year. Maximum decreasing changes were observed in November and May with means of −0.31 and −0.29, respectively. However, the maximum of decade and significant changes of cooling power index belonged to April and November with means of 1.36 and 1.22, respectively.
Low relative humidity was seen in all the seasons; maximum decrease was observed during summer and in August with 11% decrease. Also, the dried lake outputs showed that the temperature during hot seasons increased, and the temperature during cold seasons decreased.

Background and This study aimed to investigate the adsorption of Acid Blue 62 (AB62) as an anionic dye from aqueous solution onto as SBA-15/Polyaniline (SBA-15/PAni) mesoporous nanocomposite a low-cost adsorbent and feasible.
Fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy (FTIR), Filed Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM), Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), and BET were used to examine the structural characteristics of obtained adsorbent. The effective parameters on batch adsorption process such as pH, dosage, and time were investigated and optimized. For determining the type of kinetic model, pseudo first order, pseudo second order, Elovich and intra-particle diffusion kinetic models were applied. Thermodynamic parameters such as changes in Gibbs free energy (ΔG°), enthalpy (ΔH°), and entropy (ΔS°) were calculated.
Maximum BET specific surface and pore volume on the adsorbent were 224.4 m2/g and 0.46 cm3/g, respectively. The obtained optimized condition was as follows: pH=2, time=60 min, temperature 25° C, and adsorbent dose = 0.3 g/l. The adsorption kinetic data well-fitted by pseudo-second order kinetic equation. The negative values of ΔG° and ΔH° (- 4.012 KJ/mol) and the positive value of ΔS° (0.409 J/mol K) showed that the AB62 adsorption process was spontaneous, physi-sorption, feasible and exothermic.
SBA-15/PAni can well be used as a low-cost surface adsorbent for removal of AB62 from aqueous media.

Background and Gastric cancer is the third leading cause of mortality in Iran after cardiovascular diseases and accidents. The aim of the present study was to assess survival and it’s affecting factors in gastric cancer patients through using Cox and parametric models along with frailty.
In this study, the medical records of gastric cancer patients treated from 2008 to late 2010 were collected in Afzalipour and Bahonar Hospitals in Kerman and Imam Khomeini Hospital in Sari. 383 patients entered the study and were followed up for at least five years. The survival of patients was assessed by using Cox proportional hazard, log-normal and log-logistic models under gamma and inverse-Gaussian distributions, as two special models for frailty. Models efficiency comparison criteria were Akaike information criterion and Cox-Snell residuals.
Out of 196 patients in Kerman, 132(67.3%) were males and 64(32.7%) were females. The average age of the patient was 61yr and 59 yr for the males and females, respectively. Also, the survival rates after 1, 3, and 5 years of the diagnosis were 62%, 50%, and 45%, respectively. In the city of Sari, 69% (129 people) of the patients were male and 31% were female. The mean ages of male and female were 66 and 62 yr, respectively. At the same time, 1, 3, and 5 year survival rates of patients were 58%, 36%, and 30%, respectively. Based on Akaike information criterion, Cox-Snell residuals, and non-monotonic failure rate, log-logistic model along with gamma frailty was more fitted in comparison with other models. Using this model, radiotherapy, heartburn, and tumor grade were found as significant predictors.
Radiotherapy, heartburn, and tumor grade could be considered as more affected factors. According to rejection of the proportional hazard assumption, assessments of residual figures, and according to non-significant frailty effect by log-normal model, log-logistic model along with gamma frailty was found to be the best fitted model.

Background and Dairy products are known as an important food in human diet. This study was carried out to analyze the content of metals (Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn) in butter and cheese, and evaluates the potential health risks of metals to humans through the consumption of dairy products.
In this analytical observational study, a total of 32 samples of butter and cheese were collected from the market basket of Hamadan City in 2016. After preparing and processing the samples in the laboratory, the content of metals were determined using inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometer (ICP-OES). Also, all statistical analyses were performed using SPSS Software according to Shapiro-Wilk test for normality, One Way ANOVA (Duncan Multiple Range Test), Pearson’s correlations, and Independent t-test.
The results of the current study showed that the mean concentrations (µg kg-1) of Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn in butter samples were 0.83 ± 0.15, 6.25 ± 1.76, 21.75 ± 10.94, and 131.35 ± 9.24, respectively, while in cheese samples, they were 0.70 ± 0.11, 39.43 ± 40.26, 12.85 ± 2.41, and 198.08 ± 10.97, respectively. Also, the Target hazard quotient (THQ) values in adults and children through the consumption of butter and cheese were within the safe limits (THQ Considering the serious contamination of some brands of butter and cheese by Cu and Pb, a control of heavy metals and trace elements levels during the whole production processing of dairy products must be applied.

Background and Since a large proportion of fetal mortality is associated with low birth weight (LBW) and considering the fact that fetal development is a vulnerable process influenced by maternal risk factors, this study examined some maternal risk factors associated with LBW infants.
This cross-sectional study was conducted based on the medical records of 250 infants born in Zeynabeieh Hospital. The required data were registered in a pre-developed checklist. Then, the collected data were analyzed by Chi-square in SPSS Software using descriptive and inferential statistics.
The mean weight of the sample was 3.2 ± 0.25 (1.5-4.7) kg. About 18% of the infants had birth weight of 2500 g or less. The most frequent educational level among the mothers was illiteracy and elementary education (60%), and the least was secondary education (9.2%). There was found a significant correlation between the mothers’ education and low birth weight (P Maternal biosocial, medical, and obstetric factors have strong association with LBW. To overcome this problem, special attention is required so as to strengthen the mother and child healthcare services in the community.

Background and The World Health Organization (WHO) has specified the tolerance limit of fluoride content of drinking water to be 1.5 mg/L, since excessive intake of fluoride leads to various detrimental diseases. The present study assessed the adsorption effectiveness of HCl-modified eucalyptus leaves in fluoride removal from synthetic solutions.
In this experimental study, pseudo-first and pseudo-second order kinetics, Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models, as well as pH (2-12), initial concentration (5-30 mg/L), adsorbent dose (0.1-1 g/L), and temperature (25-45 0C) were investigated on defluoridation.
The results with the maximum removal efficiency of 90% was obtained in pH = 10, initial concentration = 5 mg/L, and adsorbent dose = 0.1 g/L. In the investigation of the effect of temperature on removal rates, the maximum removal of fluoride was observed to be in 45 0C. The removal efficiency also decreased while the adsorbent dose increased, the initial concentration of fluoride increased, and the temperature in the studied ranges decreased. It was also found that the adsorption equilibrium and kinetic data were in good agreement with Langmuir Model (R2=0.994) with qmax= 61.35 mg/g and pseudo-second order reaction (R2=0.999).
On the basis of the obtained results, HCl-modified eucalyptus leaves were found to be able to remove fluoride from aqueous environments with good removal efficiency and adsorption capacity.