فصلنامه برنامه ریزی فضایی (جغرافیا)
سال ششم شماره 3 (پیاپی 22، پاییز 1395)

in any environment, the need for security, is one of the most basic human needs. Surely there is no substirution for security, and every sociey's main concern is being in security and peace. According to some scientists, the main reason of human beings for releasing their freedom and natural life, and choosing communal living, was for finding social (collective) security. This study aimed to assess factors affecting the sense of security in rural areas of shrine district of Natanz county. Enjoying an analytic-descriptive methodology, this was an applied-developmental survey. The statistics population consisted of 5556 people living in 6 village of Aqaali Abbas shrine district, in Natanz county. using Cochran formula, the sample size was 320 people. Data analysis was done, using SPSS software and descriptive-inferential statistics methods, such as t-test, Pearson and Spearman correlation coefficient. Results of the analysis show that the sense of security in rural areas understudy is in lower levels, and there are differences in the safe sense amount, between the studied villages. Also, results of the Pearson correlation test indicated that there is a significant relationship between the two variables of social trust and the feeling security and satisfaction. The results also indicated that exposure to frightening locations in the studied villages, impacts on the rural resident's sense of security. So, it has to be said that the position of settlements, especially in rural areas, can be effective in creating a sense of security.

Rapid growth (either physically or in population) of the city of Ardabil in recent decades, has called for an increase in public affaires and facilities, including educational facilities. On the otherwise, the weaknwss of urban management system, in supplying these needs, has caused some disorders in services distribution system, also unbalanced distribution of educational centers through the areas of the city of Ardabil, so, forming neighborhoods with limited access to these centers, and finally causing spatial injustice. The aim of this study was to evaluate the spatial distribution pattern of educational centers in Ardabil, the functional radius desirability, evaluating the relationship between population and the spatial distribution of educational centers, and its distance from the core of the city. This research enjoys an applied goal, and has a descriptive-analytical nature. Library method has been used for collecting necessary data and information. In order to analyze the data and functions, we benefited nearest neighbor average functions, to check the spatial distribution of educational centers; and Thyssen Polygons, to examine the functional radius desirability of those utility facilities. Also, using Bivariate Moran index in the GeoDa software, spatial autocorrelation of demographic variables, and the distance from the core of the city, associated with the distribution and density of city centers and educational centers in the studied area, were studied and computed. Research findings show that the distribution pattern of primary education, secondary schools, vocational schools and other centers, is cluster-like, and the distribution pattern of middle schools was random. This situation leads to the cluster concentration of educational services in the towncenter, and the lack of these services in the around areas; this services concentration has also leaded to functional radius desirability of the schools in the city center, and the undesirable performance of schools in the periphery of city. Evaluating the relation between distribution of educational centers and the area's population, confirms the weak relationship between these two variables, showin not enough attention paid to demographic factor, and citizen's need to proper service distribution, while, evaluating the distance from the core of the Ardabil, the distribution and density of schools, represent the existence of a negative spatial autocorrelation between these two variables. namely the number of schools has decreased with distance from the downtown core and in the periphery, reaches even zero. The result is that spatial inequalities in land uses distributions and educational centers in the city of Ardabil, is totally tangible, indicating a spatial injustice in residential areas in Ardabil. Present article is the subject of a master's thesis by Ibrahim Firoozi Majandeh, entitled " Measurement of spatial justice in the distribution of public areas in Ardebil", sponsored by the Municipality of Ardebil.

Current study aimes at analyzing the vulnerability of sensitive uses in Yasouj, in the case of happening a hazard. This was a survey in gathering information, with a descriptive-practical nature, based on quantitative-qualitative characteristics of sensitive uses in Yasouj, relying on Delphi Expert Model. In the way of achieving the goals of this study, at first we started at reviewing the vulnerability of sensitive uses in Yasouj (education centers, health centers, military centers, fire stations, and rescue units), against natural disasters and based on 5 main indexes (applied-Structural, building position, human dimensions and density, communication, access and safety equipment). Also, we analyzed the vulnerability of sensitive uses in different areas of Yasouj, against natural disasters. Results showed that among different areas of Yasouj, area 4 (weighting 0/841), has the worst situation in terms of vulnerability, while, the best area in this terms, was area 1 (weighting 0/111), And areas 2 and 3 with the vulnerability weight of 0/350 and 0/581, placed in second and third place, areas 4 and 3 shall take the highest priority for crisis management planning. Most vulnerable sensitive uses in Yasouj, was the applicational-Structural dimension, also the position of the building, especially in the foundation materials, building structure, also its possible nearness to the Fault. Results also showed that, relating to the index of communication, access and safety equipment, the vulnerable dimension is being so far away from rescue centers and fire stations, plus to the lack of medical supplies and shortages of relief vehicles. Again results showed that the proposed strategy, would be ST strategy. Therefore, proposals were delivered; including municipality's more intense supervision on construction materials, and using materials resistant to natural disasters in District 4, organizing Bashar riverbed, to prevent river flooding in the area 1, Creating channels for transporting water from the city, to out of town, especially in the city's 3 main waterways, etc, all of which will lead to decrease many physical and financial losses in the event of a hazard.

This study aims to analyze and evaluated the position of townships of Fars province by using the component of information and communication technology. Research method have been analytical-quantitative. The results of models show that township of the Fars province in which communication services are not distributed in the form of balanced and unbalanced. The results of concentration index show that maximum concentration of this services in Shiraz Township and this Township Whit composite index 305 is located in the first rank and over concentration level. Townships of Gahrom whit composite index 40.29, Kazeron with composite index 36.45 and Lar whit composite index 32.5 is located in the rank of two to four and medium concentration level of this province. Other Townships is located in the low concentration level. The results of standard score model show that Shiraz township whit composite index 56.6 is located in the first rank and over concentration level of province. Townships of Darab whit composite index 2.9967, Mamasani with composite index 2.7758, Lar whit composite index 2.39, Kazeron whit composite index 2.1946, Marvdasht whit composite index 1.2753, Nayriz whit composite index 0.9105 and Fasa whit composite index 0.3742 is located in the rank of two to eight and medium concentration level of this province.

The specific climatic and geomorphological conditions of arid and semi-arid regions, has made the underground water resources as the main resource of water supply in these regions. Accordingly, managing these water resources requires accurate evaluation of quality and quantity of water reservoirs, its access range (availability) in each region, and recognizing the environmental processes that govern these resources. In this research the quality of underground water resources in DolatAbad, Dashtab, Soghan and Soltani have been studied. Meanwhile, the difference between various quality indices have been measured and compared quantitatively. The results of variance analyze, prove significant difference between various indices. The results of mean comparing test for error likelihood less than (a˂0.01) for each above indices, separate the underground resources of various regions in diverse groups. According to EC, TDS, CL, SO4, Mg, Na, SAR and TH indices, the underground water resources of Dolat Abad and Dashtab, place in group one, and Soghan and Soltani regions take place in group two. Also, according to Ca index, the underground water resources of studied regions, were categorized in 3 various groups. Group one, including Soltani and Soghan regions, group two including DolatAbad region, and group three including Dashtab district. Also, placing the underground water resources of all districts in one group according to Hco3 index, indicates that there isn’t significant difference for quality of underground water resources in studied regions, according to Hco3 index. the analysis test of correlation between various indices for measuring the quality of underground water resources in the studied regions, indicates the maximum correlation existed in likelihood level of %1 between underground water level and PH indices.