نشریه بوم شناسی گیاهان زراعی
سال دهم شماره 2 (پیاپی 36، تابستان 1393)

The main goal of current experiment was evaluation of the effects Si priming on germination characteristics of melon under salt stress. For this purpose, a factorial experiment based on completely randomized design was conducted with three levels of Si 0 as control, 1 and 2 mM and 3 levels of NaCl (0, 75 and 150 mM) with three replications. Measured traits were germination percentage and rate, mean germination time, radical and plumule length, radical to plumule ratio, radical and plumule fresh weight. The salinity of 150 mM decreased germination percentage and rate, radical and plumule length by 9, 35, 69 and 71X comparing to the control, respectively. Seed priming with Si of 1 mM increased germination rate, radical and plumule length by 20, 33 and 35% comparing to the control, respectively. Seeds treated with Si (1 mM) had the highest germination percentage and rate at 75 mM of NaCl. On the whole, seed priming with Si could improve germination characteristics and seedling growth of melon under salinity stress conditions.

In this study, the effect of treatments including salicylic acid and chloride calcium was studied on pear (Pyrus communis cv. Sardrod) quality and quantity in several storage times. The factorial experiment was conducted based on randomized complete block design with three replications. The studied factors was calcium chloride (1.5 and 3 %), salicylic acid (1 and 1.5 mM/L) along with three storage times including 30, 210 and 240 days after treatment applications. pH, organic acids, titrated fruit acidity, physical quality, browning of fruit and ethylene content traits of pear fruits were evaluated. The application of 1.5 mM/L of salicylic acid with 3% of calcium chloride 3%, in 210 days after treatment application could decrease ethylene content and browning of fruit and thus increased fruit quality. The most pH amount of fruit extract was in 3% of calcium chloride along with 1.5 mM/L of salycilic acid after 240 days. The least amount of total soluble substances was obtained in the last treatments after 30 days.

Strawberry fruit is popular with customers all over the world, and many factors causing the less of the early and reduce its storage life. In this study, the effect of the concentrations 0- 100- 200- 300 µl/l of T. vulgaris and T. kotschyanus and CaCl2 solution concentrations 0- 100- 200- 300 mg/L was tested on some characteristics of postharvest strawberry fruit. Traits include the amount of TSS, ascorbic acid, anthocyanin, soluble sugars, activity of PPO and GR enzyme. The results showed that 300µl/L of T. vulgaris compared to other treatments of TSS, ascorbic acid, anthocyanin, soluble sugars have significant effects on the level of 5%, and concentration of 200 µl/l T. kotschyanus compared to the other treatments reduced activity of PPO enzyme and increased of activity of GR enzyme and had a significant effect on the level of 5%. Concentration of 300 µl/l T. vulgaris compared with the other concentrations improve the traits measured. Since different active ingredients and essential oils due to its antifungal properties to reduce corruption and increase the storage life of the strawberry crop. The result can increase the shelf life of fruits compared to control fruits.

Using of natural products instead of chemicals and antibiotics to control bacterial pathogens is interest of researchers. The aim of this study was to determine antibacterial effects of lavenderessential oil against Xanthomonas campestris and Escherichia coli in laboratory condition. Chemical compounds of lavender essential oils were identified by GC-MS. Antibacterial activity of essential oils in comparison with gentamicin antibiotic was determined using agar diffusion method. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of lavenderessential oils was evaluated by macrobroth dilution method by preparing different concentrations of 0.004 to 4% in nutrient broth medium. The minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) was determined using culture method in nutrient agar medium. Zone of growth inhibition of X. campestris varied from 3.83 ± 0.35 to 18.7 ± 0.77 mm in concentration of 0.25 to 4% respectively and for E. coli in concentration 0.125 to 4 % from 4.5 ± 0.7 to 17.6 ± 0.9 mm. The MIC and MBC of lavenderessential oils against X. campestris equal of 1 and 2% and about E. coli equal to 0.125 and 0.25%, respectively. The most constitutive compounds of lavenderessential oils included of linalool (44.94%) and 1,8-cineol (21.5%). Lavender essential oils can be used as natural antimicrobial agents against pathogenic bacteria.

Balanced nutrition mineral and organic matter is the most important factors affecting the yield and quality of apple trees. Treatment with calcium chelate and amino acid solution with a concentration of 0, 2, 4 per thousand, and three have been sprayed (After the sprouts before harvest once a month). Chlorophyll content, leaf area surface, average nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium fruits were determined. The results of these experiments suggest that the type of rootstock had significant impact on the amount of mineral elements, chlorophyll content and leaf area surface. A maximum concentration of mineral elements and leaf area surface in the Granny Smith and chlorophyll content in Golden Delicious were observed. The use of calcium chelated showed the highest phosphorus, potassium and calcium than control fruits. The results showed that the effect of amino acids on chlorophyll content, leaf area surface, nitrogen, potassium and calcium were significant at the 1% level. The results show that foliar application calcium chelate and amino acids have the greatest impact on the Granny Smith in comparison with Golden delicious. Chelated calcium and amino acids at 4% had greatest impact on nutrient status in Granny Smith. Therefore, regarding to beneficial effects of chelate calcium and amino acid on improved the traits measured may be recommended for Granny smith in the study area and in the similar regions.

Traffic and over irrigation cause to compress soil in lawn area. Soil compaction considered is undesirable because it reduces hydraulic conductivity and water infiltration and increase evaporation in soil surface. The foctorial experiment was conducted to evaluate effect of aereation (punching 1 cm diameter holles on the surface in a regular grid pattern) and topdressing techniques on lolium grass.We initialed aeration in 3 level (5×5, 10×5 cm spacing and no aeration) and 2 level topdressing (with topdressing and without topdressing) with sand and compost were performed to investigate their influence on grow of luliom lawn in the city of Isfahan in june 2010. Height and weight of grass, rate of leaf color and leaf density were measured in 3 times 10, 70 and 130 days after aeration and topdressing. Results show that weight, height and color of lawn leaf significantly greater with topdressing. The aeration with 10×5 cm spacing with topdressing was highest infiltration, in addition, weight, height and color of the lawn leaves rate increased compared to control treatment. The results can be advised for maintaining acceptable weight, height and color grass leaves is sufficient. lawn Aeration only, recommended in flood area to control runoff and further intake to soil.

Petunia is one of the most common and important flowers in landscapes. in current study, the effect of vermicompost and cow manure integration on growth and flowering of petunia was investigated at Bam, Kerman Province, Iran, as a factorial experiment in completely randomized design with three replications in greenhouse. The mixture of vermicompost and cow manure in three levels of 15, 30 and 45% of each fertilizer were used in planting time. Morphological traits such as shoot length, dry and fresh weight of shoot and root, number of leaf and flower and flower diameter were measured after three months. The results showed that the application of vermicompost and cow manure under 30% had no significant effect on morphological traits. The application of vermicompost in 30% and 45% with cow manure in 45% increased all of the morphological traits in all measured traits. There weren’t significant difference between these two treatments except leaf number. Considering, organic manures important role in sustainable agriculture,application of these organic manures in amount of vermin compost 30% with cow manure 45% for increasing vegetative growth, bush size, flower number and size in petunia is recommending for decreasing of chemical fertilizers hazards on environment.

Peppermint (Mentha piperita L.) is one of the most important medicinal plants belonging to the Lamiaceae. In order to study the effect of different concentration of salicylic acid (SA) and salinity stress on peppermint morphological characteristics, an experiment was conducted as a factorial design based on completely randomized design with four replications. To investigate the interaction of salicylic acid and salinity stress, the following treatments were used: four NaCl concentrations of 0, 50,100 and 150 mmolL-1 and four salicylic acid 0, 0.1, 0.5 and 1 mmolL-1. The plants were grown in pots until they grow to harvesting stage. At the end of experiments, various traits such as height of plants, number of lateral branches, node and leaf, diameter of main shoot and shad of canopy, dry and fresh weight of shoot, fresh weight of root, length of internodes and root were measured. Plants that were under salinity stress level of 150 mmolL-1 died before end of experiments. The results showed that effects of salinity stress on number of lateral branches, number of node and leaf, shoot diameter, dry and fresh weight of shoot, length of internodes and root and fresh weight of root, SA on number of lateral branches and dry weight of shoot and their interaction on height of plants and shad of canopy were significant on peppermint. The highest suppress effect in salinity stress was obtained in 100 mmolL-1 NaCl and the effective in SA were 0.1 and 0.5 mmolL-1.