مجله مطالعات علوم پزشکی
سال بیست و هشتم شماره 6 (شهریور 1396)

A correct diagnosis is the most important step in the treatment of oral lesions. Each lesion has specific clinical and radioghraphy features that help the clinician to reach the correct diagnosis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the consistency rate of the clinical and radiological diagnoses with histopathological reports of intraosseous lesions in the maxillofacial region in patients who referred to Imam Khomeini hospital.
Individual data and records of all patients whose biopsy specimen was submitted to the departments of oral pathology, Imam Khomeini hospital of Urmia from 2010 to 2016 were evaluated. The data were analyzed by SPSS software version 20 and Kruskal-Wallis test.
Of the 100 cases studied, there were 49% men and 51% women. In 16% of the cases, the diagnosis did not confirm to the histopathologic diagnosis in the radiological method, while in the first 50% of cases the first diagnosis was consistent with the histopathologic diagnosis. And 47.3% of the first clinical diagnoses, 22.97% of the second clinical diagnoses and 6.76% of the third clinical diagnoses were confirmed by the pathologic reports while in 22.97% of the cases, none of the clinical diagnoses were consistent with the pathological diagnoses. Also, 22.5% of the first radiological diagnoses, 22.9% of the second radiological diagnoses and 5% of the third radiological diagnoses were confirmed with the histopathological diagnosis while in 16% of the cases, none of the clinical diagnoses were consistent with the pathological diagnoses. Wilcoxon test showed that the radiological diagnosis confirmed with the pathological diagnosis more than the clinical diagnosis.
Since there must be an overlap of clinical pathological and radiological diagnoses, there must be effective cooperation among surgeons, radiologists, and pathologists.

Sheehan’s syndrome is defined as anterior pituitary dysfunction due to postpartum ischemic necrosis of the pituitary gland after massive bleeding. Hematologic abnormalities such as normochromic anemia have been reported in these patients. However, pancytopenia is rarely observed.
We describe the case of a 30-year-old woman with generalized weakness, pallor skin, amenorrhea and abnormal pituitary gland tests. The laboratory tests showed pancytopenia that was completely reserved after adequate hormone replacement.
Clinicians should consider the possibility of hypopituitarism as a cause of pancytopenia. Sheehan’s syndrome is a treatable etiology of pancytopenia for women.

The purpose of this study was to compare emotion regulation, mindfulness, existential anxiety in patients with cardiovascular diseases and healthy individuals.
In this case-control cross- sectional study, all cardiac patients who had referred to Taleghani hospital in Tehran over the year of 2016 were included. Out of this population, 61 patients with cardiovascular diseases were selected and 63 healthy subjects were selected from among the attendants of the patients. Instruments for collection of data comprised a demographic characteristics questionnaire, Difficult in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS), five fact mindfulness questionnaire (FFMQ) and Existential Anxiety Inventory (EAI). To test the research hypothesis, Mann-Whitney U was used.
There was a significant difference between the two groups, with cardiovascular disease and normal subjects in the emotion regulation, mindfulness and existential anxiety.
Emotion regulation, mindfulness and existential anxiety are psychological factors with a potential impact on cardiovascular diseases and their effect is suggested to be taken into account in such disorders.

Oral infections and dental caries are still considered as serious public health problems especially in developing countries. It is reported that Glycyrrhiza glabra (G.glabra) extract contains phytomedicine with antibacterial and antifungal properties capable of suppressing oral pathogens associated with plaque forming, caries or fungal diseases. The aim of this study was the assessment of antimicrobial and antifungal activity of aqueous root extract G. glabra on Streptococcus mutans (S.mutans) and Candida albicans (C.albicans).
In this in-vitro experimental study, we evaluated antibacterial and antifungal activity of aqueous root extract of G.glabra (with 93H00l-322herbariyum code) against S.mutans ATCC 35668 and C.albicans ATCC 10231 in the range of 2 to 256 mg/ml by macro- broth dilution method, for determining minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC). All of assay was performed in triplicate and the mean of result used for data analysis by SPSS 20 software.
Minimal inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of aqueous root extract of G.glabra were 2 mg/ml for Streptococcus mutans and Minimal Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) were 16 mg/ml. The aqueous root extract of G glabra not only had any antifungal activities against C. albicans in the range of 2-256 mg/ml but also the growth rate increased compared to control group.
It was revealed that although aqueous root extract of G.glabra did not have antifungal effect against C. albicans but also had significant antibacterial activity against S.mutans as a major pathogen of oral hygiene and teeth caries.

Halitosis is described as unpleasant breath, regardless of its sources. There are several factors that cause halitosis. In most cases (80 -90%), it has intraoral origin and is one of the most frequent complaints that makes a patient to visit a dentist. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of oral halitosis and related oral problems among dental students.
This cross-sectional study was conducted on 225 dental students. The samples completed forms and also intra oral examination was conducted with consideration of deep caries, redness and inflammation of the tonsils, periodontal disease, pericoronitis, and tongue coating. Then organoleptic test was performed for all patients. The ones whose organoleptic test scores was equal or greater than 2 were considered with halitosis. Descriptive statistics and statistical tests, chi-square, Mann-Whitney, and logistic regression modeling were used and data analysis was performed using SPSS 21.
Out of 225 samples enrolled, 151 (67.1%) patients were suffering from halitosis. Tongue coating (p Tongue coating was the most powerful association with halitosis, redness and inflammation of the tonsils and pericoronitis was also an important factor affecting halitosis.

Renal disorders can occur due to several conditions such as diabetes mellitus and hypertension, thus hemodialysis, dialysis, and renal transplantation are the ways that can help patients. Considering increasing rate of survival rate in these patients, disorders of oral cavity can lead to low quality of life and can affect the patient’s general health. The aim of this study was to evaluate, frequencies of manifestations like, xerostomia, uremic fetor, mucosal ulcers, dental decays, dental erosions and candidiasis in patients under hemodialysis in Urmia Imam Khomeini hospital.
In a descriptive study, 80 consecutive End Stage Renal Disease patients that were under hemodialysis in Urmia Imam Khomeini Hospital were evaluated. Disease related data such as length of disease, length of dialysis and underlying cause of disease were gathered. Thus, the patients went under specific oral examinations for oral manifestations of the disease.
Among patients, in 35% of cases diabetes,40% hypertension,0% glomerulonephritis, 5% pyelonephritis, 2.5% polycystic kidney disease, and 17.5% others were counted as the underlying disease. During the specific examinations, in 62.5% of patients, xerostomia, 67.5% uremic fetor, 25% mucosal ulcer, 50% dental decay, 60% dental erosion and 5% candidiasis were found. Also, the relation between the oral manifestations and underlying disease were evaluated and P-value for xerostomia was 0.234, uremic fetor 0.05, mucosal ulcer 0.264, dental decay 0.003, erosion 0.082 and candidiasis 0.839.
Chronic and advanced dysfunction of kidney can lead to changes in oral cavity such as, xerostomia, uremic fetor, mucosal ulcers, dental decays, dental erosions and candidiasis. Though, ESRD patients should go under periodical examinations for aforementioned oral manifestations and in the cases of occurred complications, concise treatment should be considered. Further studies for finding other oral manifestations of ESRD patients are suggested.

Behcet’s disease (BD) is an inflammatory vasculitis of unclear etiology. MCP-1 gene is a member of the C-C chemokines family that is a chemotactic factor for monocytes. The results obtained have shown that the -2518A/G polymorphism of MCP-1 gene is associated with BD. The aim of this study was to evaluate the possible involvement of this polymorphism and Behcet’s disease in the population of the North West of Iran.
A case-control association study was performed on 72 BD patients and 78 geographically healthy controls using PCR-RFLP. The results were analyzed with chi-square and Fisher exact test.
Statistical analysis did not show a significant relationship between this polymorphism and BD. But when gender association analysis was adjusted for gender, the results showed that the frequency of AA genotype in female patients and controls was respectively 16 (66.67%) and 14 (43.75%) with p=0.00 and the frequency of GG genotype in female patients and controls was respectively 0 (0%) and 6 (18.75%) with p=0.00. A allele frequency was 40 (83.33%) in female patients and 40 (62.5%) in female control with p=0.00 and G allele frequency was 8(16.67%) in female patients and 24 (37.5%) in female controls with p=0.00.
The present study did not show any significant correlation between polymorphisms -2518A/G MCP-1 gene and Behçet disease in the population of the North West of Iran. However, there was a significant association between this polymorphism and women with Behcet's disease by performing gender-related analysis. High frequency of AA genotypes and low frequency of GG genotype in female patients compared to females control suggest a very strong association between the genotypes of this polymorphism with BD in female population of the North West of Iran. A allele seems to display a protective association, whereas G allele might be a susceptible factor for females suffering BD in North West of Iran.

Type 2 diabetes is commonly associated with autonomic neuropathy. The aim of the present study was investigated the impact of glycemic control and disease duration (DD) on autonomic nervous function in Type-2 Diabetic Neuropathy Men by analysis of their heart rate variability (HRV).
fifty-three Man with diabetes and peripheral neuropathy were recruited and categorized into four groups by HbA1c of 7% and DD of 10 years: group I (n = 16, HbA1c The main effect of HbA1c, DD and their interactions effect were significant with TP and VLF. While only the main effect of DD were significant with LF and HF. Hochbergs Post hoc test results for determination place differences couple showed that between TP and VLF were different according to HbA1c and DD. So that mean of TP and VLF significantly was higher in group I (HbA1c These findings suggest that disease duration (DD) and early and intensive care in glycemic control is a key factor for preventing the occurrence of CAN in Type-2 Diabetic Neuropathy Men.