نشریه مطالعات تاریخ انتظامی
پیاپی 12 (بهار 1396)

At least in the history of Iran after Safavid, in Khuzestan, there have always been attempts to independence and rejection of the central government. As the Qajar dynasty came to power, the process continued. In this period, the most important efforts were carried out by the Bakhtiari Chans and at their head Mohammad Taghi Khan Bakhtiari, and then by the Arabs of Bani Kab. The rebellions of Mohammad Taqi Khan began at the end of Fath-Ali Shah's rule and continued until the late Muhammad Shah's domination. He repeatedly revolted several times, and eventually suppressed by Manuchehr Khan Gorji Motamad al-Dawle. With the suppression and refugee of Khan Bakhtiari to Falahiya and Sheikh Thamir Kabi, the extent of the insurgency were drawn to this area, and, of course, the disobedience and rebellion of Sheikh Thamir was also suppressed by Motamed al-Dawlah. The main question of the present research is that, What was the reason for Moamat al-Dawlah to suppress the revolts of Khuzestan, in order to integrate the region, and what did it do? This article is based on the library research method, and well-found on genuine and investigative data.

Transoxania as the most important Muslim frontier absorbed Ghazi and bordered forces, and since Dehgan’s in this region were more powerful and wealthier than other regions of Iran, the important role of protecting the border and Ghazi was also exercised by a one of the Dihghan families, the Samanids. Dehgan’s choose one of the important families that approved by the Abbasid Caliphate and their agents as their leader, and thay and their armies became the main sponsor and the backbone of the Abbasids. Ghazi also forms an important part of the Samanid's Corps at the beginning of this Empire. But the Dehgan’s and Ghazis were not fixed corps, and gradually the Turk and Daylamites elements, and part of the people of Transoxania and Khorasan joined the Samanids, and during the Nasr II era, a troop of several tribes emerged. As the departure and weakening of the Daylamites and Ghazis, Turks became the dominant element in the army, and from the Abd al-Malik I era, Spāh and sipahsālār positions were generally in the hands of the Turks. The present paper deals with the descriptive-analytic approach to the Samanids Spāh and the position of the sipahsālār and its changes, and concluded that the Samanids Spāh had a gradual shift from a decentralized army led by the Dehgan’s into a centralized and fixed army led by the Turks.

The Controllership Bureau [Ishraf] was an important office in the administrative organization of governments during the Persian Middle Period since its activities could include the inspecting and controlling of the financial affairs and the expenditures in the royal household, the performance of officials, the news supplying system, espionage, and national security affairs . The Controllership Bureau, headed by the Controller General, found a significant status in the governmental bureaucracy as it played a multi-purpose role in matters of inspection, controlling, and security, and therefore, it served as the sovereign's lookout throughout the realm of government. As a historical and library research, the present study focuses on different roles of the Controllership Bureau in a descriptive –analytical manner. Moreover, the viewpoints of political theorists have been discussed concerning the necessity of this institution for central governments and for the social peace and security.Findings of the present study show that the Controllership Bureau had a high status in the administrative system in a way that the survival, or else, the extinction of a government could be determined by the proper functioning of this important institution.

One of the valuable cultural-civilization memorials of Iran in the field of architecture is the caravansarai, which was founded from ancient times for reasons of communication, economic, military, geography and religion, and has gradually developed and expanded in different periods. Due to the importance of security in the development and prosperity of trade in the past, this paper examines the security structures in the Safavid caravansaries. The Safavid era is the age of perfection and flourishing of the genius of architecture and urbanism in Iran. One of the architectural feature of this period is caravansaries, and since Iran was an important route of international traffic during the Safavid era, and travelers from many parts came to Iran, building and development it was necessary. Study and finding examples of caravanseral's security has also been the main objectives of this article. In addition, the other achievements of this study are examine the specific point of the Safavid government regarding the security of business with regard to investing in economic infrastructure, including caravansaries. This research was conducted using library resources and descriptive and analytical methods.

Kermanshah, from the past, has been in a special strategic position for reasons such as the border with the Ottomans, being on the road to trade and commerce, Holy Shrines in Iraq, and so on. Apart from trade and commerce ply, every year, many pilgrims who carry significant amounts of money crossed the city. The stability and establishment of the security of this region, and the provision of financial security and the lives of passersby, was one of the serious challenges of the central government and the rulers of the province. Protecting and securing the roads of the border areas was more difficult than the internal ones, because when the bandits were prosecuted, they easily crossed the frontier and sheltered along the border. Providing security for these routes was prioritized on tracking bandits. In this regard, and by the authorities, the Qrasvran (road-guard) organization were considered, whose duty was to protect the roads and the safety of routes and passages. Therefore, the matter of this research is the quality and extent of the success of this approach in carrying out affairs, which has been evaluated based on archival documents and descriptive-analytical method. The results of the research show that, due to unstable political conditions during the study period, the Qrasvran not only did not provide security in the roads, which were the main source of insecurity. However, despite the establishment of the gendarmerie, these forces were not fruitful in Kermanshah, because the tribes saw them as rivals and disrupted and sabotaged their work.

About the city of Bam has been exceptionally well-recorded historical information due to its key role in linking the civilizations of the central plateau and southeastern Iran. In fact, the performance and significance of this city, as the southeastern security hub of Iran, has led historians, geographers, travelers, official agents, and even indigenous researchers to describe it in each particular perspective. But since the city of Bam, has played an important role in maintaining security from the past, due to the Historical Bam Citadel, the present paper, by relying on historical texts and archival documents, while attempting to point to the historic significance of Bam Castle, it also tries to map the state of order and security of this city in the present century. The present paper seeks to answer the question that: what are the security mechanisms in Bam city? Based on research findings, the city of Bam, due to its strategic location, was subject to the formation of a gendarmerie, and the largest gendarmerie regiment of Kerman province was formed. The Gendarmerie, Shahrbani, Nazmiyeh, and then the Law Enforcement Force of the Islamic Republic of Iran, each of them in their time, took a number of steps to secure the city.