پژوهشنامه خراسان بزرگ
پیاپی 23 (تابستان 1395)

Particular attention is paid to the topic of resilience to reduce risks and losses caused by natural disasters. In order to increase the viability of cities and authorities responsible for urban issues has been seriously. Accordingly, in this study, measuring resiliency and livability in the city of Mashhad metropolitan areas to assess the relationship between resilience and viability has been for this purpose, effective measures to identify and define operational resilience and viability of the city were. Then set the sample localities and using the required data were collected through a survey and questionnaire. Then, using the Shannon entropy and multi-criteria decision VIKOR the study areas were prioritized. Finally, using Pearson's correlation coefficient correlation between urban resilience and viability were examined. The results showed that in terms of viability, weighing 0.285 and Housing Index, transport index with the highest and lowest 0.212 weight and importance of the social dimension of resilience index and weighing 0.226 back in the economic affordability index with the lowest and highest weight have the weight of 0.011. The results also showed that the technique Vikor Sharif neighborhood vikor index of 0.000 in terms of resiliency and livability of the first rank, and therefore Spear neighborhood with vikor 1 of resiliency index and the index vikor 0.867 in terms of viability at a disadvantage in terms of the resilience and viability. The results of correlation analysis showed a significant positive relationship between resiliency and livability of a city there.

Urban planners are always seeking optimal policies of residential patterns in urban Erode Section; Policies that guarantee the old traditions and cultures residing in these areas and is also open to modern patterns. Accordingly, many policies have been implemented, Each one of these policies, has included strengths and weaknesses that due to the organic nature of the tissues and also the social, physical, etc., have their own strength and weaknesses in the performance process. As "Erode Section ", speaks for itself deep meaning in various aspects of its atmosphere, an atmosphere which contains fine textures, poor infrastructure network, incompatible land uses, spaces with low quality. Accordingly, the improvement of housing and residential spaces in the tissues will be forced to apply coping policies; policies that changes in tissue structure, and created psychological intervention process with minimum negative consequences of the status quo to be desired. Qualitative descriptive study is intended to evaluate the most appropriate policies in the context of aging and to pay best policy to provide housing in the Ab-kooh region. The results show that, overall urban development policy strengths and weaknesses and the opportunities and threats it contains 40 positive points, including 27 negative points are that the other housing policies of higher capacity in order to provide housing neighborhood Ab-kooh region.

Abstract Nowadays, the gradual destruction of identifiable elements and structure of urban historical-deteriorated texture as well as functional inefficiency, dysfunction and cultural- social problem have become major challenges in planning and management of cities. Arg street, which is located in downtown Mashhad, have several problems that people are not interested in using this urban texture such as rise of architectural and urban models which are different from the calture and history of the street, gradual destruction of identifiable elements s, lack of facilities, formation of places without considering current history and calture as well as Islamic Persian identity. The aim of this essay is to investigate the role of physical elements of identity in revitalization of Arg street urban historical-deteriorated texture. Development-Application methods with Analysis–Descriptive frameworks as well as interview, questionnaire and library studies are used in this article in order to data collection. Sample size of 100 person specified based on Cochran's formula, following which Information processing is performed through Crosstab (Phi and Cramer's V) analysis. According to the studies, some correlations exist between physical identifiable elements of Arg street and it’s samples with other criterias like Place of birth (with a correlation coefficient of 0. 013), Duration of residence or work (with a correlation coefficient of 0. 008),Colour (with a correlation coefficient of 0. 011), Building height (with a correlation coefficient of 0. 005), Building façade (with a correlation coefficient of 0. 0001), Passway (with a correlation coefficient of 0. 016), Lighting at night (with a correlation coefficient of 0. 031) and Green Space (with a correlation coefficient of 0. 029). The results show that design or quality improvement of the mentioned physical factors in Arg street can prepare the situation for recreating identity, memory and history of Arg street as well as fulfiling new needs of citizens and revitalization according to past and current situation.

Abstract Religious tourism, one of the oldest and most lucrative tourism past and present, around the world, dating back to the history of religious culture is.Understanding the factors influencing the welfare of religious tourism in the city of Mashhad to managers for planning helps to improve these factors. The aim of this study is to identify and rank the factors affecting welfare tourism, using multiple criteria decision making techniques (AHP) is in the holy city of Mashhad. Study in terms of purpose and terms are descriptive in nature. The population of this research are experts and experts in tourism, the number of which 9 people. The sample was purposefully selected and semi-structured interview was used for collecting data. To analyze the data to identify the content analysis of the interviews and to rank the factors using AHP is hierarchical analysis. The results have shown that environmental factors (accommodation, transport and food), cultural issues (information and advertising, education, leisure and touring cheap) and social factors (insurance and medical care, security, guide Pilgrim and participation of the private sector), including the risk factors identified in religious tourism. Prioritize the welfare of the most effective factors affecting tourism, to the environmental factors, cultural and social.

Abstract Since the beginning of the problem of the city, housing and quality of them, can be seen as the most important issue of interest to researchers in this field. Short viewin studies show, one of the main elements of them is enumerating appropriate or inappropriate housing indicators. Of course, these indicators with regard to the definition of housing in different periods have been different. Quality of residential units, including the information necessary in many logistics activities- the city's development. Due this index, based on 1390census data and official city of Mashhad were studied.In addition, in this study, assessment risk of effective factors in the quality of residential units. To achieve this goal, 11physical parameters, using by Excel and ARC GIS software, statistical processing and maping. Type of research is applied and research method is analytical. And the documentary is a method of data collection. This kind of research is a way, decisioning to lay part of the housing units in a special category. Therefore VIKOR (method of multi criteria decision-making) is used. Considered indicators show that 53 percent of the housing units are in good condition and 12percent in bad situation, which has claimed responsibel of city management in urban restoration. A considerable portion of inadequate housing units located in the center and historic city, and north-east and north-west of the city.Variables survey shows, age, number of room that belong to family and type of material are effective factors in the quality of housing units, in this study.

Abstract Religious Tourism in Path of Imam Reza Journey to Iran is the aim of this research. This topic with dynamic, flexible and comprehensive process to historic, cultural, social, economic, physical and environmental aspects can be improve environmental qualities and suitability in cities and regions. Imam Reza Journey to Iran one of the most valuable Iranian contexts as a largest cultural events in Iran History. Concepts and contents related to Imam Reza in Path and cities can be explained in contextual urban design. Attention to these contents in Imam Reza journey path such as Architectural, cultural social, natural and land uses phenomenon can be upgrade the Iranian and Islamic origins specially Razavi environmental Identity. Thus the aim of this paper is analyses and recognition of Imam Reza journey path in Iran approaching sustainable and Islamic urban development. This research has done with historic, analytical and Interdisciplinary research methods. The results of this research shows; that creation Razavi cultural path on integrated structure required to upgrade of infrastructure in different aspects. These requirements contains public transportation, welfare, recreational, hygienic, safety, security, guideline signs and symbols. Also integration between sporty, recreational and truism plans with Imam Reza path such as sporty competitions in that path are effective to Razavi approach. Usage of vernacular signs and symbols such as Razavi entrance, aghakhaneh, Negharehkhaneh and Negghareh ceremony and other cultural-architectural monuments can be improvement Razavi cultural escapes. Also Razavi Stations in that path, Islamic architecture and urban design is useful to achieving aims of research. Contextual urban design approach in Imam Reza journey path will be one of the most effective strategies to Iranian and Islamic development in Iran.

Abstract The most important factor contributing to the formation and development of Mashhad City can be considered to be the presence of the Holy Shrine of Imam Reza (PBUH). Following the martyrdom of Imam Reza (PBUH) in 203 AH and his burial in Sanabad Garden, Tousand construction of a small monument, the process of physical-spatial development of theHoly Shrine and consequently,Mashhad al-Reza during various historical periods began and gradually led to formation of a huge city within a small village and especially, since the Safavid era, Mashhad City, due to its political and religious role, increasingly developed in all the economic, political, communicative, service, scientific and cultural aspects. Since the aim of the present research is to identify and study the history of formation and the process of evolution and development ofMashhad City as a result of the influential and fundamental role ofthe Razavi Holy Shrine, the research method is descriptive/analytic and this research is a documentary and library research. Based on historical evidence, this paper seeks to explain thatMashhad al-Reza, throughout its development during the Safavid era and being the capital city during the reign of Nader Shah and its relative prosperity during the Qajar era, since its formation up to this day, has owed its existence to the presence ofthe Razavi Holy Shrine.