نشریه مطالعات اقتصاد اسلامی
سال نهم شماره 2 (پیاپی 18، بهار و تابستان 1396)

"Qarḍ" is an economic concept which is mentioned several times in the Holy Quran, and is recommended by God. Accordingly, this key concept has attracted the attentions of exegetes and Muslim jurisprudents throughout the history of Islam. However, there is a need to new researches to comprehend the concept of "Qarḍ" according to the age of Quran's revelation. Illustrating the importance of this concept of the Holy Quran, this essay for the first time rereads the concept of "Qarḍ" as a gift exchange based upon economic anthropology. According to this study, "Qarḍ" , a kind of economic exchange with triple stages in its process, giving, receiving, and reciprocating, establishes or strengthens the social relationships between lender (Mugriḍ) and borrower (Mugtariḍ). This study shows that the Holy Quran, having an instrumental attitude towards properties that make mutual relationships between lender and borrower, makes an attempt to improve social solidarity and strengthen interpersonal cooperation in Muslim countries.

Intergenerational justice is a concept born in the modern world. It is a theoretical reaction to the problem of environmental degradation, depletion of natural resources and life threatening of future generations. Therefore, to achieve the Islamic theory of intergenerational equity we should identify the Issues and Foundations of these theories. After this we could find its components in Islamic literature and present an Islamic intergenerational theory. In this article the first step in this process is covered and we have discussed to evaluate, sort, and critique the liberal tradition, to show how schools and ideological currents have different effects on the policies of intergenerational justice.
This research by means of a comparative analysis shows that to fully assess the views of liberals in addition to well-known division of Egalitarian- libertarian we should study views of the believers in unity of freedom and equality. We conclude that the difference in the policies of the currents caused by differences in their intellectual and philosophical foundations. Therefore, by changing the philosophical assumptions of these theories, we can respond differently to the main issues of intergenerational justice (scope, pattern and unit of measure) which could prove the possibility of providing the intergenerational theory in Islam.

In the early 1970s, and with the development of social and economic chaos in the world and especially in the developing countries of, began to pay special attention to issues of justice and poverty. Poverty is Manifestation of economic, social and cultural underdevelopment which is a threat to Political stability, social cohesion, as well as physical and mental health of nations. In this study, at first the income, capabilities, social participation combinational approaches to poverty has been explained based on the conventional economics and after pointing out the problems of poverty definition, by introducing the concept of "Ghenaye Kafafi", its Imami Jurisprudence extracted definition is presented. Indicators of "Ghenaye Kafafi", meeting costs to the individual and his family, proportionate to their dignity during a year with current or potential income (permanent income) and in this concept Trade and business capital aren’t in the range of Desensitizer poverty assets. According to these characteristics, "Ghenaye Kafafi" is a multidimensional, harmonic and comprehensive concept that there are no current ambiguities in its definition.

Today capital accumulation and capital productivity, as two important factors in Economics, have been utilized to measure the success of a country's economy. Explaining investment situation in country is significant since its variations and especially its contribution to GDP considered as a good index to identify the wellbeing of the economy and welfare of the people; on the other hand, it is an index for financial power, facilities construction, and capacity building in country. Due to the importance of financial structure in different fields, the major factors that affect the financing of projects and firms, significant and important. So that any company could consider each of the determinants and the effective planning and decision-making in relation to the financial structure. In this paper, we discuss the theoretical basis was explained, at a later stage using a literature review and expert opinions, the criteria for favorable financing Islamic capital market and ultimately identify the criteria used to prioritize value was thinking. And finally these criteria by using Topsis method are priorized. Indeed the hypothesis of this project is recording to an idea that expresses Resistance Economy is a special designing and modelizing of economic conditions and mechanism that according to which economic situation of country is designed active and not passive.

The imports of intermediate and capital goods that make up the bulk of the country's imports are very vulnerable against the unjust sanctions imposed by the global arrogance, which can have negative effects on the domestic production which relies on these commodities. One of the most important factors affecting the import of intermediate and capital goods is oil revenues that will have an impact on the exchange rate. This research examines the vulnerability of 10 groups of intermediate and capital goods and then by designing an index for vulnerable commodity groups in the country production, ranks these groups by importance. we use a threshold regression model for examine the effects of reducing in oil revenue shocks on intermediate goods import. Based on the findings of this study, five major groups of intermediate goods, namely oilseeds and industrial crops, natural rubber, basic metals, artificial plastic and synthetic fuels are the most vulnerable intermediate and capital goods.

This paper tries to analyze the effects of recognizing the legal entity in conceptualizing “Riba” in the banking system. The results of the paper, which are derived based on an analytical-descriptive approach, show that when it comes to the issue of ownership, most of the Islamic scholars consider a legal entity just like a real entity. Hence, the legal entity is subject to all the rules that are related to ownership (like Riba prohibition). Accepting this view, will have some important effects in conceptualizing Riba in the banking system. Some of these effects are: Firstly, in all of the financial relations that the lending contract is formed between real entities or between real and legal entities, the lending happens from the Fiqhi view and hence Riba is available. Secondly, in all of the financial relations that the lending contract is formed between private legal entities or between private legal entities and governmental legal entities, Riba is existing. Thirdly, considering the financial relations between governmental legal entities, because of their unique ownership, the lending contract cannot be formed and hence Riba does not exist. Consequently, it is quite possible that one governmental legal entities (like central bank) transforms parts of its possessions to another governmental legal entities (like a national bank) and in future gets something more back. In other words, the relation is not Riba.

The monetary and financial system in our country should be rearranged for applying resistance economic. our monetary system now is a bank base one. so different firms with different conditions can not borrow loans for theirs necessities because of the bank conditions for borrowing. this conditions make very seeds of technologies be unavailable. so some institutions are needed to protect these gestation.this article say about ways to make financial capital providing to early-stage, high-potential, growth start-up companies in a financial cluster. The typical financial cluster investment occurs after the seed funding round as the first round of institutional capital to fund growth. It is also a way in which the private and the public sector can construct a systematically creates networks for the new firms and industries, so that they can progress.this opinion can help our economic to complete the value chain of activities that a firm operating in a specific industry performs in order to deliver a valuable product or service for the market who the more of this activities can be high-tech base industries.

The non-usury banking system is a selected system for monetary activities in Iran. It is clear that identifying the effective variables on this system can help to have a stable economy with the desirable indicators. This paper evaluates the relationship between some macroeconomic variables with paid Islamic contracts in the non-usury banking system in Iran. The study period was 1991 to 2013 and auto-regressive distributed lags (ARDL) method was used to estimate the model. The independent variables include annual profit rate, real exchange rate, total stock index, producer price index (PPI) and inflation. The result showed that there was a negative relationship between Islamic contracts and annual profit rate and PPI. Also, there was a positive relationship between depended variables with total stock index and real exchange rate. Inflation didnt have a significant relationship with Islamic contracts. Finally, the result of long-run and cointegration estimation showed a high cointegration between variables.