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basic science in medicine - Volume:2 Issue: 3, Sep 2017

International journal of basic science in medicine
Volume:2 Issue: 3, Sep 2017

  • تاریخ انتشار: 1396/07/30
  • تعداد عناوین: 8
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  • Hammad Akram* Pages 111-112
  • Fateme Asadzadeh Manjili, Mohammad Hosein Bakhshi Aliabad, Seyed Mehdi Kalantar*, Afsaneh Sahebzamani, Amin Safa Pages 113-122
    Rickets is associated with aberrant mineralization in growth plates leading to the deformity of bone structure. The two main types of rickets are Phosphopenic and Calcipenic rickets. Phosphopenic rickets is found in a variety of sorts; the most common is the X-linked dominant hypophosphatemic rickets (HR) caused by a mutation in PHEX gene. The FGF23, DMP1, and PHEX are among the most important genes in the etiology of HR disorder. The interaction of these genes is essential for proper bone mineralization. However, the underlying mechanism is not comprehensively known. For data collection, we searched the most recent articles in Science Direct, PubMed and Google Scholar using Hypophosphatemia, Mutation, PHEX and FGF23 as keywords. The search results revealed that most of the articles have mainly focused on various types of mutations causing hypophosphatemia in different populations. However, there was a lack of enough studies elucidating the interaction of genes involved in this disorder. This review mainly focuses on the various types of phosphopenic rickets and genetic mutations of various agents crucial for bone mineralization and how these mutations exert their effects on biochemical agents like vitamin D and PTH. It also reviews the available treatment and molecular techniques for managing this disorder.
    Keywords: Hypophosphatemic Rickets, Mutation, Vitamin D, FGF23
  • Ramin Amirsasan, Vahid Sari Sarraf, Parvane Dolataabadi* Pages 123-127
    Background
    Paralympic games are the most important competitions for disabled people in the world. Nowadays the role of nutrition is undeniable in physical exercises and the deficiency of micronutrients leads to poor performance by athletes, so the purpose of this study was to assess vitamin and mineral intakes in elite Paralympic athletes of Tabriz.
    Methods
    Thirty five elite Paralympic athletes (24 men and 11 women) took part in this study. Three-day self-reported food diaries were analyzed for vitamins and minerals and compared with the Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs). Data are analyzed by Shapiro-Wilk, one sample test and independent sample test for checking normality, are compared the intake nutrients with DRIs, and a comparison is made between men and women athletes.
    Results
    The results indicated that the intake of vitamin E and D, potassium, fluorine, chromium, molybdenum in all athletes, vitamin K, magnesium, folate in men, biotin and calcium in women was significantly lower than DRIs (p
    Conclusions
    The intake of several important vitamins and minerals by these Paralympic athletes was lower than the standard value. Given the importance of vitamins and minerals for repairing muscle tissue, recovering in exercises and improving performance in competitive levels, athletes need to pay attention to their diets and improve food choices.
    Keywords: Paralympic, Elite, Vitamin, Mineral
  • Azizollah Ebrahimi*, Hamed Azarban, Saied Habibian, Mohamadreza Mahzunieh, Sharareh Lotfalian Pages 128-132
    Background
    Nowadays silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are used as antimicrobial due to its well known physical, chemical, and biological properties. The current study was planned to search the antibacterial and anti biofilm activities of silver nanoparticles alone and in combination with conventional antibiotics against some field isolates of common bacterial pathogens.
    Methods
    Standard strains of Escherichia coli, Salmonella enteritidis, Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus agalactiae, in addition to nine field isolates for each strain (totally 40 strains, 10 for each) were used. Macro dilution method for determination of MIC of AgNPs and antibiotics against isolates was used. Biofilm formation was evaluated by micro titer plates. Disc diffusion method was used for assaying bactericidal activities of antibiotics and their combinations with AgNPs against the isolates.
    Results
    Mean MICs of AgNPs for Salmonella serotypes, E. coli, S. aureus and S. agalactiae were 3.125, 6.25, 6.25 and 12.5 ug/mL respectively. S. aureus and S. agalactiae showed more sensitivity (increase in fold) to examined antibiotics plus AgNPs compared to Salmonella serotypes and E. coli. The results showed that AgNPs have strong anti bactericidal and anti biofilm activity against the examined pathogens. Synergistic and antagonistic effects of AgNPs in combination with tetracyclin, gentamicin, streptomycin, kanamycine, cephalosporin and penicillin were observed in different cases.
    Conclusion
    AgNPs alone or in combination with antibiotics could potentially be used as an effective antibacterial and anti biofilm agent. However, our results show that synergistic interactions of combined antibiotics and AgNPs cannot be considered as a rule.
    Keywords: Silver nano particles, Antibiotics, Antagonist, Biofilm, Pathogenic bacteria
  • Ghasem Zamini, Mohammad Bagher Khadem-Erfan, Ashkan Faridi* Pages 133-138
    Introduction
    Calodium hepaticum (syn. Capillaria hepatica) is a nematode with worldwide distribution among rodents (Rattus rattus, Rattus norvegicus) and also can infect human beings through ingestion of embryonated eggs which causes zoonosis Capillariasis. This study aimed to determine the Capillaria hepatica infection in Rattus spp. in Sanandaj, Kurdistan province of Iran, as well as orally infecting Balb/c mice with embryonated eggs.
    Material and
    Method
    Area of study was the city of Sanandaj located in the west of Iran, in which four Rattus norvegicus, six Rattus rattus and 10 Mus musculus were captured using live traps in a period of more than two years. Livers were examined for Capillaria hepatica infection, and sectioning of the livers and staining with Hematoxylin and Eosin were done. Embryonated eggs were used in order to experimentally infect three Balb/c mice orally.
    Results
    Capillaria hepatica was detected in five out of 20 (25%) livers; rates of infection were 50% (2/4) for Rattus norvegicus, 50% (3/6) for Rattus rattus, and 0% (0/10) for Mus musculus. Cross sections of the livers showed active infections as eggs were deposited beside the worms, and they were also observed inside the female worms. After performing the autopsy on the three mice that had been infected experimentally, there was no sign of infection based on gross and microscopic examinations.
    Discussion and
    Conclusion
    This study is the first report on Capillaria hepatica infection in Rattus spp. in Sanandaj. The main reservoir hosts of Capillaria hepatica infection in different areas of Sanandaj were Rattus rattus and Rattus norvegicus; on the other hand, no significant role could be considered for either infection or transmission of Capillaria for Mus musculus in these areas.
    Keywords: parasitic infection, Calodium hepaticum, Capillaria hepatica, liver, rodent
  • Farzad Mohammadi*, Abbas Bahram, Hasan Khalaji, Farhad Ghadiri Pages 139-146
    Introduction
    The principle elements of motor development are fundamental motor skills (FMS). The children with high levels of FMS are most likely to participate in health-related physical activities. This study aims to determine motor development status of 3-10 years old children in Ahvaz, Iran.
    Methods
    The research strategy and design were descriptive-normative and cross-sectional, respectively. 1,600 children of 3-10 years old (M age= 6.56±2.29 years; 50% boy) were chosen from eight regions of Ahvaz using cluster-sampling. The Instrument used for data-collection was Test of Gross Motor Development – 3rd edition (TGMD-3) test. In order to analyze the data, multivariate and Tukey post-hoc analyses were used along with Mann-Whitney U and Chi-Square tests.
    Results
    Results have shown that boys, compared to girls, had better levels of performance in locomotor skills of running, horizontal jump and sliding, while girls performed galloping and skipping better than boys. In all ball skills, boys had significant higher levels of performance compared to girls. Also, results have shown that in both subtests, performance enhances with age increase. Prevalence of low motor proficiency was observed in skipping, forehand strike and overhand throw, while there was Prevalence of mastery in hoping, sliding, dribble and catching. Low motor proficiency was observed for several FMSs in girls.
    Conclusion
    Girls, compared to the boys of the same age, had lower levels of performance in all ball skills and some of locomotor skills which shows that they are at the risk of unhealthy motor development; therefore, it is suggested that special programs and equal opportunities be prepared for them in order enhance their motor competence in FMS.
    Keywords: Fundamental motor skills, Gross motor development, Motor competence, Sex, Development delay
  • Gholam Reza Kalvandi, Iraj Shahramian*, Mojtaba Delaramnasab, Maryam Jozaei Pages 147-150
    Introduction Hyperbilirubinemia is a common condition in neonates. In this study, we aimed to compare association of total serum bilirubin (TSB) with sternum transcutaneous bilirubin (TcB) level obtained by KJ-8000 Transcutaneous bilirubin meter (KEJIAN medical apparatus).
    Materials and Methods Eighty newborns were enrolled in present prospective cross-sectional study. At the first, blood sampling was done for determination TSB, and immediately after that, TcB levels were recorded on sternum skin by KJ-8000 device. Data was analyzed by statistical software SPSS version 21.
    Results The mean gestational age of the infants was 38.2±1.5 weeks. The mean of TSB level 13.52±4mg/dl, while the mean value of TcB was obtained as 13.71±3.53 mg/dl. Pearson correlation analysis showed a correlation coefficient of r= 0.770 between sternum TcB recorded by KJ-8000 device and TSB.
    Conclusion Giving the good correlation between TcB and TSB levels, it is advisable to consider the transcutaneous bilirubinometery as the screening method in jaundiced infants.
    Keywords: Hyperbilirubinemia, Total serum bilirubin, transcutaneous bilirubin, neonate
  • Maryam Barahooee, Mehdi Mogharnasi*, Abbas Salehikia, Mohsen Foadoddini, Javad Bayat Pages 151-156
    Background And Aim
    previous studies have shown that bovine colostrum has antioxidant properties, but what has not heretofore been studied is the potential impact of antioxidant intake ofcolostrum supplements and various methods of physical exercise on changes in vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). The aim of this study was to evaluate the long-term effects of colostrum supplementation and sprint-endurance training on plasma VEGF levelsin male Wistar rats.
    Methods
    in the present experimental study, 48 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into six groups (control, colostrum supplementation, aerobic exercise, anaerobic exercise, colostrum supplementation-aerobic exercise, and colostrum supplementation-anaerobic exercise). Groups receiving colostrum were orally fed daily for ten weeks with300 mg/kg bovine colostrum powder. Training groups received sprint-endurance training, three times a week for a period of ten weeks, with specified intensity and duration. In all the rat groups, blood samples were taken in the morning on an empty stomach before and 24 hours after the last training session. Data were analyzed using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov(K-S),one-way ANOVA and Tukey tests at α
    Results
    the findings showed that colostrum supplementation for ten weeks dosing 300 mg/kg tended to significantly increase VEGF levels in all study groups compared to the control group receiving saline (p
    Conclusion
    the findingsindicated that intake of colostrum, as a strong antioxidant supplementhaving enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants, along with sprint-endurance trainingfor ten weeksincreases plasma VEGF levels, thereby playinga significant role in vascular angiogenesis. Keywords: bovine colostrum, endurance training, sprint training, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), Wistar rats
    Keywords: bovine colostrum, endurance training, sprint training, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), Wistar rats