فصلنامه جامعه شناسی کاربردی
سال بیست و هشتم شماره 3 (پیاپی 67، پاییز 1396)

The purpose of this study is to assess deviant behaviors among Mazandaran University students by Routine Activities theory and to examine the applicability of Routine Activities theory to deviant behaviors and individual offending. Although routine activities theory known as one of the most important theories in study of deviant behaviors, but most routine activities studies rely on victimization and thus far relatively little attention has been given to the applicability of routine activities theory for studying individual offending and deviant behaviors. Unlike most studies that have used routine activities theory to explain victims and victimization, in this study the routine activities theory is used to explain individual offending and deviant behaviors of students. Data used in this research were collected from a survey of 393 students of Mazandaran University in 2015. The findingsindicates that there is significant differences between males and females in the incidence of deviant behaviors, so that deviant behaviors among male students is more than deviant behaviors among females. The findings also indicates that variables of routine activities theory can explain deviant behaviors among students well. The result of regression analysis showed that variables have been able to assess 44 percent of changes in deviant behaviors among students. Among all variables that entered in regression model, “intensity attachment to delinquent friends” and “unstructured activities” have a significant positive impression on deviant behaviors and “presence of authority figures” has a significant negative impression on deviant behaviors. Also “intensity attachment to delinquent friends” is the most important variable to explain the deviant behaviors.

Stigma is an insidious social stress which is intertwined with an indefinite number of attributes, conditions, health status and social groups dependent on the social context and situation. The phenomenon which firstly is conceived in one’s mind and would be born in the arena of mutual interaction and then would expand its realm based on its growth conditions’ being provided and regarding the culture and values dominated over the society and would march on different realms. Blatant biases which are imposed on obese people and discrimination which is practiced against them regarding different fields indicate obesity crawling into the house of stigma particularly for women because of too much emphasis of the consumer society on women’s physical attractiveness.The objective of the present study is to investigate the factors affecting the weakness and severity of internalized obesity stigma in women. This study, employing survey method and quota sampling, investigates 380 15-44 year old women in Yazd by questionnaire and SPSS and Amos Graphics software programs. By referring to the ideas of Goffman, Giddens, Festinger’s social comparison, this study is to investigate the influence of variables of self-esteem, social comparison, the influence of family and friends, the extent of use and the type of communication media and also BMI and education and age on the amount of internalized obesity stigma in women. The results of this study show that the variable of social comparison is the best predictor of obesity stigma in women and BMI for evaluating obesity stigma is standing in the second rank.

This article aims at investigating the value of children from view point of women of Shiraz city. Recognizing the positive and Negative values of children is significant because it is influential on decision making and motivations of parents in childbearing. The study is a survey one which is based on data gathered via questionnaire from 400 married women of age 15-49. Categorizing the values of children is based on Fawcett's typology of children's values. The results of study indicates that different categories of values of children including Economic value of children, opportunity costs, self-development, Identity acquisition via childbearing and continuum of family line, are significantly different for mothers in terms of education, age, age at marriage, place of born, family income, and occupation status.

The harmful effects of human activities on the natural world have great public concern, as it leads to the formation of a new kind of citizenship under the ecological Citizenship. Ecological citizenship is built on the voluntary responsibility and committed citizens in connection with the natural world. In this study, the relationship between ecological citizenship and spiritual intelligence is using the survey method. Therefore, from the perspective of human ecology , New Ecological Paradigm and deep ecology is used. The survey instrument was a questionnaire that utilizes foreign research using exploratory factor analysis of its components have been identified and localization. The Population study is, citizens over 15 years in Tabriz are 670 of them using multi-stage cluster sample and sampling method were selected. The results show that ecological citizenship status of Tabriz citizens is in good condition and located in among options 4 and 5 in 6-item Likert. Also, among the 11 dimension of citizenship ecological, all aspects of medium to high average, but membership in environmental communities has been lowest. Also, the test results show, There is positive and significant correlation between spiritual intelligence and its components and ecological citizenship (r=.363). Regression analysis results also show that from four dimensions of spiritual intelligence, both the "holistic and faithfulness" and "moral individualities" could explain 27.5% of the variance related to their ecological citizenship.

The main objective of this study is to investigate the attitudes toward marriage of girls and effective factors on it among girl's students of Ferdowsi University of Mashhad. Theoretical framework of this research combines theories of modernization, the second demographic transition, role, rational choice and functional system of Parsons which used for to study the independents variables such as opportunity- cost, stereotypical gender roles and religiosity.
The methodology of this study was survey research and data collection tool was a questionnaire. The sample size is determined 374 students (222 undergraduate, 110 graduate students, 42 PhD) by using the general formula of Cochrane. Questionnaires were carried out at Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, with stratified sampling technique. Data were analysied by descriptive and inferential statistics (correlation coefficient and mean differences, regression, path analysis) through two software; SPSS and Amos.
The result of study showed that there is a relationship between independents variables and attitude to marriage. The results indicate that, there is a relationship between social status variables, cost-opportunity variable, religiosity and stereotype's variable with the attitudes to marriage. The most effective on traditional attitude of marriage is related to religiosity variable. Regarding to modern attitudes of marriage, the cost-opportunity variable has the higher impact. Furthermore, descriptive statistics showed the mean score of traditional attitude has the higher score among the respondents compare to the modern traditional.

The goal of study is to examine the effect of Social alienation in the Social Responsibility of Kermanshah Oil Company Employee’s. The results of the studies show that the whole lot of people in organizations are experiencing a kind of alienation. The central question in this research is that social alienation has an impact on the social responsibility of oil company employees? The purpose of this paper is to examine the impact of social alienation is the social responsibility of employees with emphasis on Petroleum Company Kermanshah.
Specific goals include:- Determining the relationship between social alienation and social responsibility Kermanshah Oil Company employees.
- The contribution of demographic variables and individual (level of education, enjoyment of the accommodations, service duration, gender, age, occupation and socio-economic settlement) on social responsibility Kermanshah Oil Company employees.
Research hypotheses
1. The social alienation (social isolation, feelings of anomie, the feeling of meaninglessness, hatred of self and a sense of powerlessness) on social responsibility (economic, legal, ethical and philanthropic) has a significant impact.
2. the level of education and social responsibility dimensions are related.
3 between employment status and social responsibility dimensions are related.
4. The social and economic dimensions of social responsibility relationship between the settlements there.
5 between duration of service and social responsibility dimensions are related.
6. the gender of respondents and social responsibility dimensions are related.
7 between age and social responsibility dimensions are related.
8. The relationship between access to amenities and the staff there are aspects of social responsibility.
Method and Material:The study is casual–descriptive method and survey by questionnaire. The research population consisted of all employee’s of oil product distribution company and refinery and pip line of Kermanshah. The results of SPSS Software and us of statistical testing example correlation, compare means , multiple regression and also. The 400 individuals were selected via systematic and simple random sampling.
Discussion of Results & Research findings showed that the average of Social responsible reception is equal to 83.51 and this number is in a Lower Level in compare with expected average(105) and showed that employee’s in that organization have Less responsible reception.
Analysis of variance showed that the average social responsibility to employees with formal employment status (84.49), arbitrary status (89.18), contract status (86.84) and joint (75.09) that this is a significant difference and is accepting. Average social responsibility to employees with educational level or high school diploma (83.38), my associate's degree (89.31), BSc (80.54) and the Masters (88.55) that this difference is meaningful and acceptable. The mean social responsibility to employees who live in the area an equal (94.29), those who live in two equal (81.11), and those who live in the area three times (77.24), which this is a significant difference and acceptance.Regression results show that the four variables: alienation (Beta=0.39), national identity (Beta=0.42), employment status (Beta=0.33), marital statues (Beta=0.26), education (Beta=0.21), gender (Beta=0.17) and age (Beta=0.13) entered to regression model and explained 59 percent of dependent variable variance(R²=0.59). Regression coefficients indicated that Alienation (Beta=-0.38), social welfare (Beta=0.20), social and economic residence (Beta=0.22) and education (0.19) entered into the regression model and explained 48 percent of the variance of the dependent variable (R2= 0.48).
The results showed that feeling of helplessness and self-loathing can lead people to insignificance and perhaps with more intensive research to argue that fundamental sense of alienation is probably the organization. Those found guilty of mismatch between job alienation organization, they also reduced their corporate responsibility. People tend to evaluate themselves in social situations that get them on their valuable and social situations where positive feedback; do not get unnecessarily consider. The results show that the person in the organization or community that feels abandoned by other people The feeling of being in your life and loses its effectiveness, feeling of worthlessness and powerlessness finds, Can not be his friend and therefore reduced his sense of responsibility and belonging in the organization. It is proposed to reduce the social alienation of personnel, material and non-material rewards, the organizational delegate responsibilities to them, Their participation in organizational decisions and its views to provide constructive Adyh can make an effective contribution in this regard.