پژوهش نامه ایرانی سیاست بین الملل
سال چهارم شماره 2 (پیاپی 8، بهار و تابستان 1395)

The presentation of a favorable image of national sovereignty and international prestige is regarded as an important demand for states in the international arena and a useful way to advance their policy goals. Government officials in various countries seek to not only promote the positive aspects of their international prestige but also to stabilize their global position. The dramatic growth and sudden rise of china's economy, on the one hand, increases the national power and on the other hand, strengthens the "China phobia" and a threatening image of China in the global power's outlook. In contrast, in order to deal with the threat and neutralize the wave theory of "China phobia", the Chinese tried to take advantage of "public diplomacy" to present a peaceful and pro-cooperation image of their country. Accordingly, this study attempted to answer the question 'how "Public diplomacy" helped to change the negative image of China in the eyes of the world public opinion?' by using a qualitative approach to the analysis of data in the framework of public diplomacy and image making. It seems that this country has been able to replace the negative image presented by its opponents to the foreign public opinion with a positive one by focusing on branding in the areas of culture, education, and tourism.

This article investigates the cultural diplomacy of the United States towards china post 9/11. The cultural diplomacy has been growing in importance in the US foreign policy due to the increasing development of communicational tools and technology as well as the September 11 attacks. The US government used a variety of tools in the context of its cultural diplomacy to restore its soft power and deliver an ideal picture of itself. As the United State's soft power and reputation in china, its greatest trade partner, had declined after the September 11 attacks and Afghanistan and Iraq invasions in 2001 and 2003, respectively, it tried to compensate its own reputation in that country. Accordingly, the present study tries to examine the concept, background, methods and approaches of United State's cultural diplomacy during 2001-2012. In this regard, we are to answer this main question that "what components do constitute the United State's cultural diplomacy structure?" The hypothesis of this paper focuses on three components. These three components are: Fast food industry in terms of two McDonald and KFC brands; promoting culture and values through English Language learning; Hollywoodism which is referred to as the Hollywood's strategy to secure the United State's national interests and disseminate the American way of life; The descriptive-analytic method has been applied in this paper. This research approach is based on the concept of public diplomacy and its subcomponents namely the cultural diplomacy, because the cultural diplomacy is one of the main components of public diplomacy. Results show that the public diplomacy and, in particular, cultural diplomacy had grown in importance after the September 11 attacks, so that US used cultural diplomacy tools to restore its reputation in global public opinion especially Chinese people. The above mentioned three components had a linchpin role in implementing cultural diplomacy in the United State's foreign policy towards china, because they didnt have an importance place in the US foreign policy before the September 11 attacks. September 11 events are among the main requirements of the international system the turned the way of using soft power by the United States upside down.

According to historical documents, mutual relations between Iran and India have a long historical background. However, in the modern era and in the form of modern governments, relations between these two countries started in 1947. Despite the existence of intervening variables before and after the Islamic Revolution in Iran, Iran and India have never undergone serious tensions and always tried to settle any tension or ambiguity in their relations. Nowadays, thanks to interdependencies and issues of common concern, Iran and India have acceptable and progressive relations with each other. Hence, the present research aims to find the main factors underlying geopolitical interdependencies between Iran and India. The present research was a descriptive-analytic study and the required information was collected through library studies and reviewing valid books, reports, and articles. The findings showed that variables such as common security concerns, common interests in the field of energy, Iran’s good geographical position for India to get access to Afghanistan and Central Asia, the role of Chabahar port in the North-South corridor, and interests and participation (strategic, economic, and developmental) of these two countries in Afghanistan play an important and vital role in the type and level of relations between Iran and India.

Diplomacy between Islamic Republic and 5 group on Iran’s nuclear program which accomplished to “Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action” in July 2015, more than ever, is considering by public affairs and to challenge the attitudes.
Some issues are arising from this event, and the main question is what causes the success and fruition of Iran's nuclear talks with the world powers after 12 year talks?
Most of the writers and analyzers around the world, by reviewing the atmosphere of Iran and the United States diplomacy, claim these governments were seeking the model of soft power to reach the agreement on Iran’s nuclear program. The main question in this topic is how the soft power could lead the negotiations to Iran nuclear deal?
The authors of this essay believe, despite the differences in objectives of Iran and US, two countries could reach the deal and settle it just by using peaceful means such as negotiation, interaction, changing the tone and rhetoric, persuasion and multilateralism.

Today, theory of control provides a rich methodology and a set of supporting principles and tools for analysis of regional orders and its strategies and actors. Today, anti- systemic groups is a key concept in modern management of regional orders and interconnection between control system and new actors. Despite significant changes in international relations in recent decades the study of regional orders and their control are not at core of theories of international relation. Anti-systemic groups, as one of control variables in the regional orders, particularly in West Asia regional order, as an important strategic region, has been highlighted. Therefore, the core object of current research is to make a response to this question that what is the role and function of anti-systemic groups in order control system of West Asia region? In reply to this question, it can be said that anti-systemic groups will help to operation of control systems, including balance of power, deterrence and compellence, in asymmetrical condition of power and complexity of regional order. So, explaining the problem of offensive and resistant anti-systemic groups, as a mechanism for balancing, deterring and compelling, in West Asia region, is the main aim of this article. This survey concludes by considering the functions of these new actors for attempts to explain the management of new regional order.

The present study discussed areas of disintegration in the Islamic Cooperation Organization by applying neo-functionalism approach and focusing on structural and environmental conflicts. After the United Nations (UN), the Islamic Cooperation Organization (ICO) is the biggest regional world organization. However, it has suffered from weak performance during its life unlike many regional organizations such as the European Union (EU) and the African Union (AU). Moving from organizational levels towards regional and international challenges, we found out that despite the ideological advertisements, the ICO has lost its applications. Cooperation has become impossible for the Islamic countries due to its heterogeneous members with various approaches towards politics, culture and economics especially in the recent decade with new challenges caused by the globalization of culture and politics. The final analysis of this study was that Islamic countries will prefer to join organizations with common economic tendencies in the upcoming decades.