نشریه طب کار
سال نهم شماره 3 (پیاپی 28، پاییز 1396)

ntroduction: In all over the world, one of the major problems in health care is medical errors, causing physical and psychological complications for patients, family and even the community. So, identification and assessment of human errors’ probability and their consequences in eye surgeries was the aim of this study.
This cross-sectional study was performed using PHEA technique. First, the goals and results of the research were fully explained to the surgeons and the operating room personnel, then, thorough direct observations of various eye surgeries, based on the analytical hierarchy technique (HTA), documentary registrations and interviews with the subjects were done; the hierarchical chart of the personnel and surgeons occupational tasks were arranged. Then, the standard worksheets for the PHEA technique filled out by the research team.
Generally, 68 tasks and 187 sub tasks were identified and probable human error for them was 58%. A total of 132 error codes, including functional errors (67.42%), checking errors (14.39%), retrieval errors (5.31%), selection errors (9.1%), and communication errors (3.78%) were identified; any program error code was not detected. The highest percentage of errors was related to performance errors and the least to communication and program errors.
Results show that in many of studies on medical errors, as well as the present one, the incidence of human errors in eye surgery is high and in some cases there are very unpleasant consequences; and since, the most detected errors are of functional type. So, it should be prioritized in order to control and reduce medical errors.

Daytime sleepiness is the most common daily manifestations of obstructive sleep apnea disorder that have a negative impact on many people's cognitive and behavioral performance. Patients who suffer from these disorders compared with healthy people exposed to increased risk of neuropsychiatric complications, driving accidents and occupational accidents that can reduce worker's ability to work. WAI (Work Ability Index) is an important and simple indicator that it can objectively measure the balance between work demand and the ability to work in workers.
This cross-sectional study has been done on 224 personnel in one of the South oil fields that have been randomly selected. All participants were asked to complete two questionnaires ESS (Epworth Sleepiness Scale) and WAI. The score of ≤ 13 for ESS questionnaire is considered as excessive daytime sleepiness and the score of ≥ 36 for WAI questionnaire was considered as poor ability to work.
The mean index of WAI in this study was 40.22±5.48 and the mean score of ESS was 6.99 ± 4. The results of the statistical tests showed that there was a significant correlation between excessive daytime sleepiness and the ability to work in different age groups (p In this study, the WAI index was at an acceptable level (36

Safety behavior is actual behaviors that done in accordance with safety instructions and it consists of both safety compliance and safety participant. Safety behavior assessment and identification of its related factors in the local labor communities is an important step in reducing accidents. This study aimed to evaluate the safety behavior and its predictive individual and occupational variables in different industries in Qom province.
This descriptive-analytic study was conducted on 279 employees in different industries of Qom province. Data were collected through the following questionnaires: the demographic and occupational questionnaire and the safety behavior questionnaire consisting of 12 items related to safety compliance and 11 items related to safety participation. Data analysis was performed using SPSS software (ver. 20), T test, ANOVA and multiple linear regressions.
Mean and standard deviation of safety behavior were 3.79 and 0.66, respectively and was greater than the average scores intended for the questionnaire. Mean score of safety compliance and safety participation was 3.95±0.76 and 3.61±0.79, respectively. Three variables, including size of the industry, work experience and educational level have a significant relationship with safety behavior and explained 15.3% of the total variance.
According to the result of this study and other similar studies, some of the individual and occupational variables can affect safety behavior changes. Therefore, considering these factors in the design of programs for improving safety will help to improve safety performance.

Today, due to the development of technology and automation of industries, the presence of humans in working environments has decreased. Despite this dramatic decline, the cause of more than 80 percent of the incidents in the oil and gas industry is related to human errors. The purpose of this research was to identify and evaluate the human errors of operators in control rooms working in the Parsian Gas Refinery company.
This cross-sectional study was performed in the control rooms of Parsian Gas Refinery company. A hierarchical task analysis (HTA) was used in the first phase, and then, in the next step in order to the identification and assessment of the human errors, SHERPA method was performed.
Among the total of 218 errors related to the analysis of the SHERPA worksheets, 145 errors (66.5 %) were related to action ones, 61 to (28%) checking errors, 4 (1.8%) to retrieval errors, 6 (2.8%) to communication errors and 2 (0.9%) to selection errors. Also, 41.9% of the errors caused severe consequences.
It can be concluded that the most prevalent errors are checking and action errors. Appropriate control measures, such as work instructions, staff training as well as employing inspection operators to monitor the performance should be considered as a priority to reduce the occurrence of any identified error or limit their consequences.

Achievement to a model for facilitation of returning to work in female breast cancer survivors is high importance. Hence, the current study aimed to develop a better understanding of the return to work after breast cancer concept and developing a model for facilitation of return to work in female breast cancer survivors.
This study is a metasynthesis research, which implemented by Noblit and Hare method on 15 qualitative studies. Databases of Scopus, Science Direct, Pub Med, Google Scholar, SID, and Magiran were used for accessing to these studies. Then, related qualitative studies, including the criteria for the data validity were selected. In the following, their themes were extracted and pooled. The similarities and differences between them were used for the analysis and reduction the categories in the next stage, and then main themes were identified and integrated.
Return-to-work model after breast cancer consisted of five constructs, including communication pattern, supporting system, expects, limitations and coping. Various constructs of this model can have the facilitator or barrier roles in the return-to-work process.
According to developed model in this research, the impact of model constructs, including communication pattern, supporting system, expects and limitations on each other, can lead to cope with and facilitate returning to work in female breast cancer survivors.