فصلنامه علوم و فناوری نساجی
سال ششم شماره 1 (بهار 1396)

Today, with increasing development and utilization of digital technologies to promote and accelerate artistic production trends, the use of computers has found a special place in fashion design. In this study, a 3D garment design system using interactive genetic algorithms and k-means clustering is proposed. Components of a swimsuit (top style, waist and bottom style) were individually designed using the 3D garment design software. The fabric designs were reviewed and selected by users to make a database of favorites. The designs were generated using genetic algorithms on a dummy. By rotation of the dummy, the users could see all parts of the swimsuit intuitively. In order to reduce the eye strain/fatigue, the total population was limited into 8 clusters using k-means clustering. Then, the fitness of the designs was determined by the user and the next generations were produced by this fitness and evolution principles. The results of evolutions indicate the system efficiency in fashion set design using a fabric pattern set at minimum cost and shortest time according to user’s satisfaction.

In this study, the effect of Au nanocoating and the morphology of titanium dioxide TiO2 nanoparticles on the performance of photo-catalytic and self-cleaning properties of a cellulosic substrate was investigated. The viscose rayon fabrics were coated with Au nanoparticles using sputtering technique. Three different kinds of TiO2 morphologies (i.e., spherical, spindle and rod shaped) were applied on the fabric samples by spraying method. The surface morphology of the samples was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and the self-cleaning properties were determined by measuring the color intensity and the color difference (ΔE). The presence of TiO2 nanoparticles renders the photocatalytic ability to the coated fabrics. However, the thickness of coating layer showed no significant improvement in the obtained self cleaning property. Among the different morphologies, the rod shaped TiO2 nanoparticles showed somewhat better self-cleaning results which can be attributed to its higher surface area to volume ratio.

Dyes are among the most widely used chemicals in textile industry which are partially discharged to the environment after the wet processes. It is important to find environmentally friendly wastewater treatment methods to remove these organic pollutants. In this search, the photo catalytic decolorization of C.I. Direct Red 23 (DR23) under UV/TiO2/β-Cyclodextrin process is studied. Effective factors such as pH, the presence of salt, temperature and concentration of the dye are evaluated. The results show that the highest efficiency of decolorization can be achieved in acidic pH and at low DR23 concentrations. Adding sodium chloride salt (5 to 20 g/L) accelerates the catalytic degradation and improves the adsorption of DR23. β-cyclodextrin acts as an absorbent in this process. The results show that the DR23 decolorization under UV/TiO2/β-Cyclodextrin method also reduces the total dissolved solids (TDS) of the wastewater. Moreover, the experimental results show a very good correlation with the Langmuir adsorption isotherm.

The main objective of this study is to identify factors affecting the competitiveness of the textile industry clusters. The framework of the study is based on Porter’s model. The model is a framework that attempts to analyze the level of competition within an industry and business strategy development. In order to identify the factors affecting the competitiveness of textile industry clusters, we consider an additional factor “entrepreneurial organizational culture” along with the Porter’s model in presenting the theoretical framework of this research. It should be noted that the factor “chance” in the Porter’s model is excluded from this study. The results show that the six factors of Porter’s model, including factor conditions, demand conditions, firm strategy, structure and rivalry, related and supporting industries, and the role of government as well as entrepreneurial organizational culture have significant influence on increasing the competitiveness of the textile industry.

The 3D simulation of fabrics is one of the interesting topics in textile engineering. The fabric simulation is especially important in the cloth design software. This design software can be used to visualize the fabric drape on the body or other surfaces by changing the fabric parameters. Therefore, it saves time and money and increases the customer satisfaction by preventing the production of garments that will not be sold. In the past three decades, many methods have been suggested by researchers for fabric modeling. Nowadays, these methods can be roughly divided into three classes: geometrically-based, physically-based and hybrid methods. Mass spring model, the physically-based method, is one of the methods for fabric simulation which is widely considered by the researchers. This method is a fast and flexible technique with computational efficiency. The aim of this paper is to survey the published results on fabric simulation using mass spring model. The paper reviews the presented mesh types, forces applied on model, super elastic effect and ways to settle the super elasticity problem, numerical integration methods for solving equations, collision detection and its response. Some of the fabric simulation examples presented by the researchers are also presented.

There is an increasing demand for tissue-engineered vascular grafts (TEVGs) with long term effectiveness in order to replace or bypass the diseased vessels. Ideal TEVGs should be biocompatible, bloodcompatible and have resistance against aneurysm dilation as well as being easily implantable in the body. Tissue engineering field provides an opportunity for designing and fabrication of ideal synthetic grafts, and so far, researchers have studied several materials and methods for this aim. For example, some TEVGs have been made from decellularized natural tissues, biopolymers, and biodegradable synthetic polymers. However, the researchers still encounter some challenges including true mimicking the mechanical properties of natural tissues and enough neo-tissue ingrowth. Electrospinning is a conventional technique that has a great potential to solve these problems. In this paper, the performed studies on the fabrication of electrospun vascular scaffolds have been reviewed.