Journal of Qualitative Research in Health Sciences
Volume:5 Issue: 4, 2017

Promoting resilience in older adults with chronic conditions is one of the goals of professional nursing. However, few studies have been conducted in world on this issue. In our country, Iran, no study, either qualitative or quantitative, has been done in this area .The aim of this study was to explore the structure of resilience in older adults with chronic conditions.
In this study with descriptive phenomenological approach, participants were selected using purposive sampling method. Overall, 24 interview sessions were held with 22 participants. The minimum duration of an interview was 25 and the maximum was 75 minutes. The data were collected through semi-structured interviews and analyzed using the Colaizzi`s proposed stages.
Four themes were emerged that could illustrate the perspective of older adults with chronic conditions from the external structure of resilience in particular socio-cultural context of Iranian society. The themes were supportive resources, welfare status, cut-of benefit, and attitude to the elderly patient.
Results of this study revealed important concepts in the structure of resilience in older adult patients with chronic diseases. Our fidings can help health care providers to understand the effective resources on the resilience and comprehensive care planning to grow and increase the resilience among older adults.

The phenomenon of prostitution among women as one of the backgrounds for the spread of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and other sexual transmitted infections in recent years attracted the attention of the authorities, especially the Iranian health officials. From 2009, and accordance to the HIV surveillance, centers as centers for vulnerable women has been established by the national health system for harm reduction programs in women. In this study, experiences, risky behaviors, and causes of these behaviors in female sex workers (FSWs) came to the vulnerable women counseling center in 2015, in Sanandaj City, Iran, were studied.
In this qualitative study, semi-structured interviews and focus group discussion techniques were used to collect the data. Individual interviews with service provider personnel vulnerable women, including the director of the women counseling center, the midwife, and social worker consultant, and three focus group discussions with women referred to the center were done.
Sexual partner's unwilling to use harm reduction facilities, non-commitment of men to pay for prostitution, violence, physical and sexual harm, applying for unconventional sexual abuse, and forced use of drugs and alcohol were the main experiences and risk behaviors that prostitutes facing. Lack of adherence to religious, poverty, addiction, divorce, ethical and social distortions, and lack of healthy family relationships were the most important factors affecting the occurrence of prostitution among women.
Even the health and social consequences of the prostitution among women and their risky behaviors are associated with multiple factors (multifactorial), but to deal with this problem, attention to the social determinants of health is very important; and each of the variables identified in this study can become a target for interventional programs in the country, particularly in vulnerable women counseling centers.

Forgiveness to others as a moral virtue is emphasized by Islam. In strengthening the preservation of human dignity and altruism and empathy emphasized in nursing ethics codes for nurses, forgiveness has a special place. The aim of this study was to investigate nurse's lived experiences of forgiveness to others in workplace.
This study was conducted based on the qualitative approach and interpretive phenomenological method, which aimed to explore the outcomes of forgiveness based on nurses’ lived experiences. Participants in this study were 25 nurses working in hospitals of Tabriz City, Iran, who were selected via purposive sampling. Data were collected via in-depth and semi-structured interviews. The transcribed interviews were analyzed based on the hermeneutic approach using the analysis method proposed by Diekelmann, Allen, and Tanner. The mentioned interviews continued until no new meanings emerged and until the researchers were satisfied with the depth of their understanding. The extracted meanings were mental solace, spirituality and career.
The nurses in lived experiences of forgiveness to others had achieved mental, spiritual and professional career consequences.
Forgiveness as an important moral act and as one of the factors in nursing ethics codes can play a major role in giving a sense of calm, nearness to god, and positive engagement in the work environment.

Abdominal trauma is one major causes of mortality and its prevalence is increasing. Despite the researches conducted in quality of care, review of literature show that no study has done about the quality of care in abdominal and pelvic trauma. This study aimed to clarify the quality of care in abdominal and pelvic trauma based on the nurse manager's perspective.
In this descriptive qualitative study, 14 nurse managers employed in emergency department of one of the health centers in Rasht City, Iran, were selected purposefully. Semi-structured interviews were used to collect the data. Sampling continued until data saturation. Data were analyzed using qualitative content analysis via MAXQDA 2007 software.
Data analysis led to extraction of 321 primary codes, 8 subcategories, 3 categories, and 1 main theme. The main theme named "convergence of comprehensive health care services" consists of three categories entitled “life-saving care", "essential care", and "foundations of service quality".
Despite the implementation of specific aspects of abdominal and pelvic trauma care as "lifesaver care", there are significant deficiencies in relation to certain aspects of "essential care", especially in communication with patients require necessary actions, which should be modified or eliminated by the relevant authorities.

A performance-based budgeting system provides the link between performance indicators and resource allocation. This study aimed to identify the barriers to implementing performance-based budgeting at Iranian universities of medical sciences.
In this qualitative study with the framework analysis approach, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 14 university professors and directors of the Iranian Ministry of Health and Medical Education using purposive sampling and snowball model. MAXQDA-10 software was used to apply the codes and manage the data. The codes were extracted using deductive and inductive methods.
Barriers of performance-based budgeting were classified in three main areas including elements of environmental, human, and organizational management, and 14 themes.
Having a deep understanding of the barriers to implementing evidence-based budgeting can help managers and policymakers to reach careful planning and successful implementation of budgeting. Paying attention to the environmental, human, and organizational infrastructure is essential for the successful deployment of performance-based budgeting at Iranian universities of medical sciences.

Until today, the training of children has long been a major concern for parents. Hence, this study aimed to explain children socialization process based on parents’ experiences.
This study was conducted using grounded theory approach. Participants were 30 parents living in Tehran City, Iran, selected via purposeful and theoretical sampling methods. Data were gathered via in-depth and semi-structured interviews during 2013-2014. Data were analyzed using Corbin and Strauss method.
Four main processes including “dialogue”, “control”, “creating situation and managing relationships”, and “acquisition readiness” were emerged. While a good quality of dialogue patterns was used in some families, others did not believe on the function of dialogue. In other cases, the dialogue would be transformed to monologue. The control was done in different ways and pursues to protect children from social threats. Creating managed situation was a strategy used by parents to create, maintain, and promote desired behaviors and also to eliminate or alter undesired behaviors. Finally, given that the majority of parents were not prepared enough for parenting, they got readiness in the face of problems in different ways.
Generally, based on the findings of this study, the most important emphasize of parents in the process of parenting is protect children from the dangers and at the same time, trying to facilitate their progress by control and management of situation.

Health education with the goal of providing and promoting community health is a complex and multidimensional process that several factors influence its effectiveness. This study aimed to explain the views of staff in the health centers of the Khamir County, Iran, about barriers and facilitators in health education for the people.
In this qualitative study, data were collected through semi-structured interviews with 15 employees in health centers with at least 3 years of work experience, who were selected through purposive sampling. The content analysis approach was used to analyze the data. Contributors surveyed to ensure that the data were acceptable. Reviewers carried out confirmation of findings.
Two themes (human barriers, and inhuman barriers) extracted from the results of content analysis on barriers to health education for the people. The theme of human barriers consisted of three main categories (management of health care system, weakness of health care personnel, and factors related to service recipients in health centers). The management of health care system group was divided into two subgroups (manager's negative attitudes, and inadequate manager's performance). The theme of inhumane barriers included two main groups (factors related to physical environment, and factors related to working conditions). Two themes (motivational factors, and contributing factors) extracted from the results of content analysis on health promotion facilitators. The motivational factors included two main groups (health manager's support, and client's support). The main contributory factors classified into three main groups (the conditions of client's service in health centers, health manager's performance, and health care personnel's characteristics).
Improvement of educational management in health systems by managers, in order to improve the quality and quantity of health education for the people in health centers is recommended. This can be reached via implementing such measures as proper monitoring and evaluation staff training activities, support for active educational staff, enough human supply, and conducting useful training classes.

Today, the evidence and unofficial indications for disturbing society show the marital infidelity as one of the hidden social problems. In this study, the underlying factors of infidelity in marital relationships among women and men were identified and compared. Moreover, some basic guidelines and practical suggestions on preventing and reducing marital infidelity and strengthening the family relations were presented.
Using qualitative content analysis methodology, and according to the purposive sampling method and theoretical saturation criterion, 40 unfaithful married men and 32 unfaithful married women participated in the study. Data were collected through in-depth, semi-structured interviews.
Through data analysis, 5 main themes were extracted. These themes consisted of “emotional and behavioral problems in marital relationships”, “sexual dissatisfaction”, “attitudes and individual characteristics”, “paternal family problems”, and “social factors”.
Based on the study findings, although majority of male and female participants mentioned sexual dissatisfaction (low quantity and quality) and emotional dissatisfaction as the main reason for their unfaithfulness, respectively, the impact of other paternal family problems, social factors, and attitudes and individual characteristics must be also regarded.

The development of nursing curriculum to develop the skills and the professional tasks by using the proper training is necessary for planning. Learning based on nursing models and theories is an original strategy in nursing education. This study aimed to clarify participant's experiences about patient education curriculum.
This study was part of a qualitative study using Glasser grounded theory approach in 2014. To explore experiences and understanding of nursing students, lecturers, and clinical tutors, in-depth and semi-structural interviews about patient education was used to gather the data. Data analysis conducted simultaneously by data gathering. The extracted codes were categorized into three main themes with several subthemes.
Three main themes were extracted including ‘the role of professional patient education’, ‘application of nursing theory in clinical practice’, and ‘integrated curriculum course’.
This study recommends the application of Orem nursing model for managing and organizing the patient education curriculum. This may be an applicable guidance for developing nursing curriculum.